Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 362

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR IN ADULT SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION1

Kleinmann, Howard H.·1977·Language Learning
DOI 10.1111/j.1467-1770.1977.tb00294.x
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

A study was designed to ascertain whether syntactic avoidance behavior could be demonstrated for two groups of ESL learners—native speakers of Arabic and native speakers of Spanish and Portuguese—in accordance with contrastive analysis (CA) difficulty predictions. The study also investigated the predictability of learners' avoiding the use of various structures. Subjects participated in tasks designed to elicit passive, present progressive, infinitive complement, and direct object pronoun structures. An avoidance pattern was found, in accordance with CA difficulty predictions, which could not be attributed to differences between the groups' comprehension of the target structures. Furthermore, when the frequency of use of the target structures was correlated with various affective measures, the following pattern emerged: for those structures which a particular group avoided, several of the affective variables correlated with use in the predicted direction; for those structures which a particular group did not avoid, the affective variables did not correlate significantly with use. The findings suggest that while CA is a fairly good predictor of avoidance there is an intersection of linguistic and psychological variables in determining learner behavior in a second language in that structures which otherwise would be avoided are likely to be produced depending on the affective state of the learner.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1467-1770.1977.tb00294.x

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 2 references

Research works printed but not linked: 28

  1. 10.1037/h0045464 · DOI · Paper page
  2. 10.1111/j.1467-1770.1974.tb00505.x · DOI · Paper page
  3. 10.1080/00437956.1958.11659661 · DOI
  4. 10.1111/j.1467-1770.1975.tb00115.x · DOI · Paper page
  5. 10.1111/j.1540-4781.1975.tb04722.x · DOI
  6. Corder S. P., 1973, Introducing Applied Linguistics
  7. 10.1111/j.1467-1770.1973.tb00659.x · DOI · Paper page
  8. 10.2307/3585536 · DOI
  9. 10.1111/j.1467-1770.1974.tb00234.x · DOI · Paper page
  10. 10.1515/iral.1969.7.1.11 · DOI
  11. 10.1016/0010-440X(72)90083-1 · DOI · Paper page
  12. Ickenroth J., 1975, On the elusiveness of interlanguage
  13. 10.1111/j.1467-1770.1955.tb00829.x · DOI
  14. Lado R., 1957, Linguistics Across Cultures
  15. 10.1037/h0062855 · DOI · Paper page
  16. McReynolds P., 1967, Attitudes of schizophrenics and normals toward success and failure, Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 72, 203
  17. 10.1111/j.1467-1770.1975.tb00243.x · DOI
  18. 10.1093/elt/XXV.3.204 · DOI
  19. Ringbom H., 1976, Errors made by Finns and Swedish‐speaking Finns in the learning of English
  20. 10.1111/j.1467-1770.1974.tb00502.x · DOI · Paper page
  21. 10.1515/iral.1972.10.1-4.209 · DOI · Paper page
  22. Stockwell R. P., 1965, The Grammatical Structures of English and Spanish
  23. Swain M., 1975, Paper presented at the Fourth International Congress of Applied Linguistics
  24. Tarone E., 1976, A closer look at some interlanguage terminology: a framework for communication strategies
  25. Tarone E., 1975, Papers presented at the Sixth Annual Conference on Applied Linguistics
  26. 10.1111/j.1467-1770.1974.tb00233.x · DOI
  27. 10.2307/3586182 · DOI · Paper page
  28. 10.1111/j.1467-1770.1972.tb00071.x · DOI

Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Kleinmann, H. H.
Venue
Language Learning
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1977-01
Volume
27
Issue
1
Pages
93-107
ISSN
  • 0023-8333 (ISSN-L)
  • 1467-9922
DOI
10.1111/j.1467-1770.1977.tb00294.x
OpenAlex
W1966058179
Cited by
362
References
2
FWCI
25.95
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 10891 d)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.