The DOI matches its Crossref record; 158 of the 158 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 2 of the 13 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
The Significance of Insecure Attachment and Disorganization in the Development of Children’s Externalizing Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Study
Open accessAbstract
This meta-analysis examined whether insecure and disorganized attachments increase risk for externalizing problems in children.
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Claims the paper makes
152 Own result · 17 Own interpretation · 8 Own method · 5 No basis given · 4 No full text of the sources · 2 Partly supported · 1 Sources not found · 1 Not checked yet · accuracy not yet measured
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No significant moderator effects were found.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Is insecure-avoidant attachment associated with more externalizing problems?
plainn = 3,675- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Larger effects were found for boys (d = 0.35), clinical samples (d = 0.49), and from observation-based outcome assessments (d = 0.58).”
- Also stated in: § Is Insecure Attachment Associated With More Externalizing Problems? · plain
“Its combined effect size of d = 0.58 was therefore an adequate estimate of the average effect, which amounted to a quite strong association between attachment security and externalizing behavior.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Is Insecure Attachment Associated With More Externalizing Problems? · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, disorganized children appeared at elevated risk (d = 0.34, CI 0.18, 0.50), with weaker effects for avoidance (d = 0.12, CI 0.03, 0.21) and resistance (d = 0.11, CI -0.04, 0.26).”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Abstract
hedgedcorrelationaln = 5,947- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When externalizing behavior was observed directly (7 studies) or was indexed by a clinical diagnosis (6 studies) the combined effect sizes were larger than in cases where a parent or teacher rated the level of externalizing behaviors.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Is Insecure Attachment Associated With More Externalizing Problems?
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and no significant moderator effects were found.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Is Insecure-Resistant Attachment Associated With More Externalizing Problems?
plainn = 3,568- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In 35 studies involving N = 3568 participants the insecure-resistant attachment classifications were differentiated from the other classifications.In this sub-set of studies the combined effect size was not significant, d = 0.11 (see Table 4), and no significant moderator effects were found.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Is Insecure-Resistant Attachment Associated With More Externalizing Problems?
plainn = 3,568- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Remarkably, in the samples with females only the association between disorganized attachment and externalizing behaviors was significantly different from the samples with only boys or with mixed gender,”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Is Disorganized Attachment Associated With More Externalizing Problems?
plaincorrelationaln = 6- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Notably though, the effect of age was not significant within the SSP, AQS or Cassidy and Marvin studies, suggesting that age and attachment measure were confounded.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Is Insecure Attachment Associated With More Externalizing Problems?
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and the moderator analyses on this sub-set converged with the analyses on the total set of studies for avoidance”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Is insecure-avoidant attachment associated with more externalizing problems?
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, disorganized children appeared at elevated risk (d = 0.34, CI 0.18, 0.50), with weaker effects for avoidance (d = 0.12, CI 0.03, 0.21) and resistance (d = 0.11, CI -0.04, 0.26).”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Abstract
hedgedcorrelationaln = 5,947- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 16
- It may state two separate claims as one. 30
- The quote only partly states this claim. 3
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Furthermore, the effects represent an average across a potentially large number of moderating relationships that could amplify or attenuate the association between attachment and externalizing problems (e.g.Belsky & Fearon, 2002;NICHD ECCRN, 2006).”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Belsky & Fearon, 2002 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (page unavailable) show that contextual risk moderated the relationship between attachment and behavior problems: attachment-group differences appeared at some risk levels but not others. This supports the possibility that an overall association can mask moderation. The paper examines contextual risk as a moderator, however, and does not establish a potentially large number of moderating relationships; it also measures total behavior problems rather than externalizing problems specifically. (LLM, conf=0.83)
- Not matchedcites NICHD ECCRN, 2006
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“It is notable that Belsky and Fearon's (2002) analysis of the NICHD data at age 1-3 years suggested that the effects of attachment tended to persist primarily when there was continuity in the quality of maternal care.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Belsky and Fearon's (2002) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results section reports that attachment security at 15 months predicted some developmental outcomes at 3 years in the NICHD data. But the analysis examines cumulative contextual risk, not whether attachment effects persisted primarily when the quality of maternal care remained consistent; that condition is unsupported by our copy. Page numbers are unavailable. (LLM, conf=0.84)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Partly supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fail-safe number amounted to k = 407 which was above the Rosenthal criterion,”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Is Disorganized Attachment Associated With More Externalizing Problems?
plainn = 3,778- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, eight studies had to be trimmed and filled, with a re-computed significant combined effect size of d = 0.18 (95% CI 0.01, 0.34).”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Is Disorganized Attachment Associated With More Externalizing Problems?
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“From sixty-nine samples (N= 5947), the association between insecurity and externalizing problems was significant, d = 0.31 (95% CI 0.23, 0.40).”
- Also stated in: § Is Insecure Attachment Associated With More Externalizing Problems? · plain
“In this overall set we found a significant combined effect size of d = 0.31 (see Table 2).”
- Also stated in: § Is Insecure Attachment Associated With More Externalizing Problems? · plain
“Children rated as insecure showed higher levels of externalizing behaviors than children rated as secure.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 69- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Is Insecure Attachment Associated With More Externalizing Problems? · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Clinical status, SES, or type of assessment (for both SSP and externalizing behavior) did not appear to moderate the association between disorganized attachment and externalizing behavior.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Is Disorganized Attachment Associated With More Externalizing Problems?
hedgedn = 3,778- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the set of 24 SSP studies with N = 3161 participants we found a significant combined effect size of d = 0.27 which was similar to the effect size computed for the total set.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Is Disorganized Attachment Associated With More Externalizing Problems?
plaincorrelationaln = 3,161- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In particular, studies conducted with the AQS showed the largest effect sizes (d = 0.70), whereas studies using the SSP yielded the lowest combined effect size (d = 0.18), though this latter effect was nevertheless significant.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Is Insecure Attachment Associated With More Externalizing Problems?
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In samples with only girls the combined effect size was d = -0.03(ns), whereas in the samples with only boys and in the mixed samples (i.e., with boys and girls) the combined effect sizes were significant, d = .35and d = 0.36 respectively, and significantly different from the null effect in the girls-only samples.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Is Insecure Attachment Associated With More Externalizing Problems?
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Where the gender composition of a sample was not precisely reported, a 50% split was assumed.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“This moderator effect was not dependent on gender differences as only two of the clinical samples consisted of boys only (Greenberg et al., 1991;Speltz et al., 1999).”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Is Insecure Attachment Associated With More Externalizing Problems?
What the sources say
plainn = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In 34 studies including N = 3778 participants a significant combined effect size of d = 0.34 (see Table 5) was found for the association between disorganized attachment and externalizing behavior.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Is Disorganized Attachment Associated With More Externalizing Problems?
plaincorrelationaln = 3,778- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In 34 studies involving N = 3675 participants the insecure-avoidant attachment classifications were differentiated from the other classifications, and in this sub-set of studies the combined effect size was only d = 0.12, which was significant but small in magnitude (see Table 3).”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Is insecure-avoidant attachment associated with more externalizing problems?
plaincorrelationaln = 3,675- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Larger effects were found for boys (d = 0.35), clinical samples (d = 0.49), and from observation-based outcome assessments (d = 0.58).”
- Also stated in: § Is Insecure Attachment Associated With More Externalizing Problems? · plain
“In samples with only girls the combined effect size was d = -0.03(ns), whereas in the samples with only boys and in the mixed samples (i.e., with boys and girls) the combined effect sizes were significant, d = .35and d = 0.36 respectively, and significantly different from the null effect in the girls-only samples.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Where the gender composition of a sample was not precisely reported, a 50% split was assumed.
- Also stated in: § Is Insecure Attachment Associated With More Externalizing Problems? · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In samples with only girls the combined effect size was d = -0.03(ns), whereas in the samples with only boys and in the mixed samples (i.e., with boys and girls) the combined effect sizes were significant, d = .35and d = 0.36 respectively, and significantly different from the null effect in the girls-only samples.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Is Insecure Attachment Associated With More Externalizing Problems?
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Where the gender composition of a sample was not precisely reported, a 50% split was assumed.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The 85% CIs did overlap for each of these comparisons, indicating that study outcomes with externalizing behavior or with aggression did not result in significantly different effect sizes.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Given the centrality of this issue and the cogent arguments made by several authors on this subject (e.g.Sameroff, 2000;Sroufe et al., 2005), it is unfortunate that few studies have attempted to address this.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Sameroff, 2000 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Sroufe et al., 2005
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The set of studies on girls was homogeneous; therefore the absence of a significant association was not due to one or a few outlying outcomes in the lower range.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is highly noteworthy that few if any of the studies reviewed in this paper directly addressed questions of mechanism.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and while the confidence intervals for these effects overlapped, disorganized children demonstrated numerically larger effects than the other insecure categories.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and for disorganized versus secure attachment the combined effect size was d = 0.27 (p < .01;85% CI 0.13, 0.41).”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For all three comparisons, the 85% confidence intervals overlapped, implying that the effects of the various types of insecurity showed similar associations with externalizing behavior.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When only studies that provided direct pairwise comparisons between groups were considered, secure children scored lower on measures of externalizing problems than disorganized (d = 0.27), avoidant (d = 0.12) and resistant (d = 0.19) children;”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The 85% confidence intervals of the combined effect sizes for attachment security and disorganization did not overlap with the 85% confidence interval of the combined effect size for avoidance, but for the other comparisons the 85% confidence intervals overlapped.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Notably, age was not a significant regressor within the SSP studies or within the non-SSP studies, so a substantial portion of the overall effect came exclusively from the difference between the SSP studies on the one hand and the other assessment types on the other.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The effect for resistance did not differ from any of the other contrasts, in part because this effect showed marked heterogeneity.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For resistant versus secure attachment it was d = 0.19 (p < .01;85% CI 0.11, 0.28),”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For the association between attachment security and externalizing the combined effect size was d = 0.27 (p < .01;85% CI 0.15, 0.39).”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the AQS evidenced the strongest effect sizes by some margin (d = 0.70), the meta-regression of age on effect size remained significant even when the AQS was removed from the analysis.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The combined effect found in this analysis gains even greater significance in light of the fact that a majority of the studies included in the analysis were longitudinal investigations, where independent and dependent variables were measured often several years apart (with an intervening period of 25 months on average).”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Broadly speaking, the SSP produced smaller effect sizes than the other attachment assessments and the AQS produced comparatively larger effect sizes.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, in the larger set of studies, resistant attachment was not significantly associated with externalizing problems and showed an effect size numerically similar to that for avoidance.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Related to this, few studies have directly considered the possibility that certain parenting characteristics may be common determinants of both attachment insecurity and externalizing behavior problems.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No outliers (standardized Z-values smaller than -3.29 or larger than 3.29; Tabachnik & Fidell, 2001) were found for study effect sizes.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Statistical Analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The agreement between the coders across the moderator variables was 97% (correlations between continuous moderators were > .95).”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Coding System
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The question of whether attachment insecurity plays a causal role in the development of externalizing psychopathology is a vital one for the field, but there is clearly little case for causality if there is no association.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > The Significance of Attachment Security and Disorganization in the Development of Children's Externalizing and Aggressive Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Study
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To assess intercoder reliability, twenty randomly selected studies were coded by two coders.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Coding System
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This important conceptual heuristic is thought of as a set of organized cognitive-affective psychological structures that organize thinking, feeling and behavior vis-à-vis the attachment figure as a potential haven of safety and comfort in times of stress (Bretherton, 1995;Main, Kaplan & Cassidy, 1985).”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > The Significance of Attachment Security and Disorganization in the Development of Children's Externalizing and Aggressive Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Study
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Bretherton, 1995
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Main, Kaplan & Cassidy, 1985 source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Secure children, it is maintained, have had repeated experiences of a caregiver who is responsive when support and proximity are needed and expect the caregiver(s) to be available and comforting when called upon.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > The Significance of Attachment Security and Disorganization in the Development of Children's Externalizing and Aggressive Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Study
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kobak, Cassidy, Lyons Ruth, & Ziv, 2005
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The claim that early attachment has enduring-rather than merely transient-effects on development requires that the magnitude of such associations are not reduced to nil over time.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > The Significance of Attachment Security and Disorganization in the Development of Children's Externalizing and Aggressive Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Study
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We systematically searched the electronic databases PsychInfo, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Art & Humanities Citation Index”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Literature Search
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Third, the effects are uncorrected for the influence of relevant third variables.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, while it was clear that security assessed by the AQS was rather more strongly associated with behavior problems than that derived from the SSP, later assessments of attachment beyond the SSP also appeared to yield stronger effect sizes.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Second, the effects reported in this meta-analysis reflect statistical association, not causation and-although they provide evidence relevant to efforts to determine causality and its mechanisms-alone they are mute on this issue.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On the face of it, these robust findings lend direct support to the notion that attachment plays a significant role in the evolution of children's behavior problems, for typically developing children as well as for clinical groups.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
boosteddirectn = 6,000- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nevertheless, the mixed samples, constituting the large majority of the studies, showed equally strong effect sizes as those with only boys, suggesting that the association between attachment and externalizing cannot be ascribed to boys only.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It should be noted that these effect sizes do not reflect the outcomes of the same set of studies so direct comparisons are difficult.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The authors state this as an assumption.
Where the gender composition of a sample was not precisely reported, a 50% split was assumed.
“Where the gender composition of the sample was not precisely reported we assumed a 50% split.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
When socio-economic status was not noted, a default of high/middle class was recorded.
“Furthermore, when socio-economic status was not noted, a default of high/middle class was recorded (this occurred in 5 cases).”
The authors state this as an assumption.
Fixed effects models assume that effect sizes observed in a study estimate the corresponding population effect with random error that stems only from subject-level sampling error.
“Fixed effects models are based on the assumption that effect sizes observed in a study estimate the corresponding population effect with random error that stems only from the chance factors associated with subject-level sampling error in that study (Lipsey & Wilson, 2001;Rosenthal, 1991).”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The trim-and-fill method assumes that funnel plots are symmetric only if no data censoring is present.
“The plots should only be shaped like a funnel if no data censoring is present.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The SSP is the gold standard for measuring attachment security.
“Because the SSP is considered to be the gold standard for measuring attachment security”
The paper relies on this without support.
SSPs are usually conducted within a small age window of 12-18 months.
“Because the SSPs are usually conducted within a small age window of 12-18 months”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Notably, attachment assessments are among the best validated assessments of early risk in developmental science.”
From Disorganized attachment in infancy predicts greater amygdala volume in adulthood (2016) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“and exhibit the highest levels of teacher-reported disruptive and internalizing symptoms”
From Disorganized behavior in adolescent-parent interaction: relations to attachment state of mind, partner abuse, and psychopathology (2014) · cites this paper as Fearon, et al., 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Meta-analyses have shown that, in general, children with insecure and disorganized attachment have greater risk for concurrent and later internalizing and externalizing difficulties (Fearon et al. 2010, Groh et al. 2012) and psychiatric disorders in adulthood (Raby et al. 2018).”
From Child Sexual Abuse as a Unique Risk Factor for the Development of Psychopathology: The Compounded Convergence of Mechanisms (2021) · cites this paper as Fearon et al. 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“In a meta-analysis, Fearon, Bakersman-Kranenburg, van IJzendoorn, Lapsley and Roisman (2010) reported that externalizing problems were linked with insecure patterns in infancy and early childhood, including disorganized patterns, with weaker effects for avoidance and resistance.”
From Prospective Relations between Family Conflict and Adolescent Maladjustment: Security in the Family System as a Mediating Process (2015) · cites this paper as Fearon, Bakersman-Kranenburg, van IJzendoorn, Lapsley and Roisman, 2010
In the citing paper
“Second, there are numerous studies implicating insecure and especially disorganized attachment in the development of child psychopathology (see DeKlyen and Greenberg; 25 Fearon et al.; 26 Guttman-Steinmetz and Crowell 27 for reviews).”
From Recovering from early deprivation: attachment mediates effects of caregiving on psychopathology (2012) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“infant attachment disorganization has been meta-analytically associated with serious family risk factors, including poverty, maternal psychiatric disorder, and maltreatment, as well as later externalizing behavior problems (2, 3).”
From Disorganized attachment in infancy predicts greater amygdala volume in adulthood (2016) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“with meta-analyses indicating that insecure and particularly disorganized attachment relationships in infancy predict internalizing and externalizing problems in childhood (2–5).”
From Disorganized attachment in infancy predicts greater amygdala volume in adulthood (2016) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“For human infants, the most widely validated paradigm for direct observation of the quality of the mother-infant attachment relationship is the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) (2, 3, 54).”
From Disorganized attachment in infancy predicts greater amygdala volume in adulthood (2016) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Supporting large scale studies and meta-analyses have confirmed their relation to concurrent risk factors in infancy and their predictive value for behavior problems in childhood (2–4, 54, 101, 102).”
From Disorganized attachment in infancy predicts greater amygdala volume in adulthood (2016) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“In addition, these studies have consistently pointed to disorganized attachments as the forms of insecure attachment that carry the greatest risk for later psychopathology (2–4, 101, 102).”
From Disorganized attachment in infancy predicts greater amygdala volume in adulthood (2016) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Disorganized/disoriented, punitive, and caregiving forms of disorganized attachment have been reliably described from infancy through age eight”
From Disorganized behavior in adolescent-parent interaction: relations to attachment state of mind, partner abuse, and psychopathology (2014) · cites this paper as Fearon, Bakermans-Kranenburg, van IJzendoorn, Lapsley, & Roisman, 2010
In the citing paper
“and are associated with parental risk factors and maladaptive internalizing and externalizing behavior problems”
From Disorganized behavior in adolescent-parent interaction: relations to attachment state of mind, partner abuse, and psychopathology (2014) · cites this paper as Fearon, Bakermans-Kranenburg, van IJzendoorn, Lapsley, & Roisman, 2010
In the citing paper
“Controlling-punitive children are at greater risk for externalizing symptoms”
From Disorganized behavior in adolescent-parent interaction: relations to attachment state of mind, partner abuse, and psychopathology (2014) · cites this paper as Fearon et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“and controlling-caregiving children at greater risk for internalizing symptoms”
From Disorganized behavior in adolescent-parent interaction: relations to attachment state of mind, partner abuse, and psychopathology (2014) · cites this paper as Fearon et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“It has been shown that if children and caregivers fail to develop a secure attachment, children are more prone to develop mental and behavioural deficits, like externalizing behaviour problems 63”
From Resilience in mental health: linking psychological and neurobiological perspectives. (2013) · cites this paper as [63]
In the citing paper
“Also, in a more recent meta-analysis it was found that attachment insecurity was significantly linked with externalizing behaviors in 69 studies (Fearon et al. 2010).”
From A Meta-analysis of Attachment to Parents and Delinquency (2012) · cites this paper as Fearon et al. 2010
In the citing paper
“Insecure attachment was more strongly linked to externalizing behavior in samples with boys than in samples with girls (Fearon et al. 2010).”
From A Meta-analysis of Attachment to Parents and Delinquency (2012) · cites this paper as Fearon et al. 2010
In the citing paper
“This is consistent with findings of the meta-analysis by Fearon et al. (2010) showing that the relation between attachment and externalizing behavior problems was moderated by the type of attachment measure.”
From A Meta-analysis of Attachment to Parents and Delinquency (2012) · cites this paper as Fearon et al. (2010)
In the citing paper
“In a recent meta-analysis, Fearon and colleagues (2010) found that disorganized attachment placed children at elevated risk for externalizing problems (d = .34), relative to children with insecure-avoidant and insecure-resistant classifications (Fearon, Bakermans-Kranenburg, van IJzendoorn, Lapsley, & Roisman, 2010).”
From Enhancing Attachment Organization Among Maltreated Children: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial (2012) · cites this paper as Fearon, Bakermans-Kranenburg, van IJzendoorn, Lapsley, & Roisman, 2010
In the citing paper
“Disorganized attachment is particularly important because it is associated with problematic long-term outcomes.”
From Enhancing Attachment Organization Among Maltreated Children: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial (2012) · cites this paper as Fearon, Bakermans-Kranenburg, van IJzendoorn, Lapsley, & Roisman, 2010
In the citing paper
“In its absence, neurodevelopment may be undermined, making that person more vulnerable to further environmental insults and subsequent development of both internalizing [36] and externalizing [37] behavioral problems, including anxiety, depression, substance misuse, maladaptive eating patterns, sexual risk behavior, and suicidality.”
From Prevention and early intervention in youth mental health: is it time for a multidisciplinary and trans-diagnostic model for care? (2020) · cites this paper as [37]
In the citing paper
“Parental sensitivity is important for a range of child outcomes, including the formation of a secure attachment relationship between infants and their parents, social competence, regulatory capacities, and lower stress levels (e.g. [22–28]).”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Is Disorganized Attachment Associated With More Externalizing Problems?
“No significant moderators were found in this set (see Table 5 for those contrasts that could be tested).”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
“| gender | | | | | | 10.99¹ | <.01 |”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > The Significance of Attachment Security and Disorganization in the Development of Children's Externalizing and Aggressive Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Study
“b) stronger effects would be found in low SES samples than high SES samples”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
“socio-economic status (with low risk samples anticipated to yield larger effects)”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Literature Search
“As this would not allow a meaningful comparison of effect sizes between mother and father attachment, this study was excluded.”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
“| Aviezer et al., 2002 | | SSP | CBCL | 63 |”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Literature Search
“69 independent samples that could be included in our meta-analyses, with sample sizes ranging from 26 to 1075”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
“| | Low risk subsample | SSP | Obs | 16 |”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“| clinical | 4 | 344 0.26* | 0.03, 0.38 | 1.55 | | | |”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
Reported 0.26 · recomputed 0.205
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
“across high and low SES samples (d = 0.25 vs. d = 0.31, respectively).”
§ The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A metaanalytic study > Additional analyses
“| low | 14 1801 0.25** | 0.15, 0.35 | 15.49 | | | | | | middle/high | 55 4146 0.31** | 0.21, 0.41 | 119.69** | | | | |”
Citations
Cites
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James, W. (1891) · Personality Culture Society · doi:10.1037/11059-000 · Cited by 25,876
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Duval, S., & Tweedie, R. (2000) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.2000.00455.x · Cited by 14,099
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Wasserman, S. S., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1988) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164953 · Cited by 10,377
(2000) · Cited by 9,198
Attachment and Loss. Vol. 1. Attachment
Rever, G. W. (1972) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-197211000-00011 · Cited by 8,446
Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior
Weaver, I. C. G., Cervoni, N., Champagne, F. A., D'Alessio, A. C., Sharma, S., Seckl, J. R., Dymov, S., Szyf, M., & Meaney, M. J. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1276 · Cited by 6,177
Socioeconomic status and child development
Bradley, R. H., & Corwyn, R. F. (2002) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135233 · Cited by 5,484
Research works printed but not linked: 16
- Bates, 1985, Growing points in attachment theory and research, 167
- Belsky, 1988, Clinical implications of attachment
- Borenstein, 2005, Comprehensive meta-analysis: A computer program for research synthesis [Computer software]
- Bowlby, 1944, Fourty-four juvenile theives: Their characters and home life, International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 25, 19
- Bretherton, 1995, 4th Rochester Symposium on Developmental Psychopathology on “Emotion, Cognition, and Representation”, 231
- Cassidy, 1994, The development of attachment regulation, 228
- Cassidy, 1989, Attachment organization in three and four year olds: Coding guidelines
- Freud, 1908, Ueber infantile Sexualtheorien
- Goldberg, 1997, Attachment and psychopathology, 171
- James, 1890, Principles of psychology
- Kobak, 2005, Developmental psychopathology, Vol. I: Theory and method, 333
- Main, 1990, Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, research, and intervention. The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation series on mental health and development, 121
- Mullen, 1985, BASIC meta-analysis
- Perez Corres, 2006, Unpublished doctoral dissertation
- Sroufe, 1983, Infant-caregiver attachment and patterns of adaptation in preschool: The roots of maladaption and competence
- Van IJzendoorn, 1992, Beyond the parent: The role of other adults in children’s lives, 5
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 801–900 of 1,319
Abused Children and their Relationships as Adults
Rokach, A., & MacFarlane, K. (2021) · Psychology and Mental Health Care · doi:10.31579/2637-8892/144 · Cited by 6
Schmidt, F., Fiorini, G. P., da Costa, A. A., Brenner, E. B., Bittencourt, L. Z., & Ramires, V. R. R. (2022) · Journal of Infant Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/15289168.2022.2090212 · Cited by 5
“Numerous studies have been discussing the attachment styles’ potential influence on the development of internalizing and externalizing symptoms and behaviors during childhood and adolescence (Colonnesi et al., 2011; Fearon et al., 2010; Groh et al., 2012; Madigan et al., 2013; Spruit et al., 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialUnpacking the Association Between Corporal Punishment and Criminal Involvement
Joyner, B., & Beaver, K. M. (2022) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/00938548221107874 · Cited by 4
“When an insecure attachment with their primary caregiver is made, children are more at risk for developing externalizing problem behaviors, such as aggression and delinquency (Fearon et al., 2010).”
BackgroundSchröder, M., Seker, S., d’Huart, D., İzat, Y., Bolten, M. I., Schmeck, K., & Schmid, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192315458 · Cited by 4
Alexander, S. L., Frederico, M., & Long, M. (2022) · Journal of Early Intervention · doi:10.1177/10538151221142794 · Cited by 6
“Insecure, and more so, disorganized attachment is associated with an increased likelihood of behavioral problems (Fearon et al., 2010), obesity (Maras et al.”
BackgroundTesting the structure of the BERRI using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis
Viziteu, A., da Silva, L. C., Edbrooke-Childs, J. H., Hillman, S., Silver, M., Westlake, M. F., & Harju‐Seppänen, J. (2023) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107353 · Cited by 3
Psychometrics of psychosocial behavior items under age 6 years: Evidence from Nebraska, USA
Waldman, M. R., Raikes, A., Hepworth, K., Black, M. M., Cavallera, V., Dua, T., Janus, M., Martin-Herz, S. P., McCoy, D. C., & Weber, A. M. (2023) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.22090 · Cited by 3
Walter, I., Quehenberger, J., Landers, S., & Brisch, K. H. (2024) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-023-02762-2 · Cited by 5
“In contrast, insecure attachment is considered a risk factor for the internalization and exter-nalization of symptoms, and for cognitive de fi cits (Fearon et al., 2010; Madigan et al., 2016; Pallini et al., 2019).”
Jacobvitz, D. B., Aviles, A. I., Reisz, S., & Hazen, N. L. (2024) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2024.2406289 · Cited by 3
“For example, two meta-analyses, one with 69 studies ( N = 5,947) and the other with 42 samples ( N = 4,614) found a strong relationship between infant disorganized attachment and externalizing problems in middle childhood (Fearon et al., 2010; Madigan et al., 2013).”
Delamain, H., Saunders, R., Tanzer, M., Luyten, P., Fonagy, P., & Campbell, C. (2024) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.12.033 · Cited by 3
“More specifically, it is important to note that insecure attachment and childhood trauma, independently, have also been associated with poor mental health outcomes (Fearon et al., 2010; Groh et al., 2012, 2014).”
Bağlanma Güvensizliği Tarama Envanterinin (2-5 Yaş) Türkçeye uyarlama çalışması
Acar, A., & Soydan, S. (2023) · Erken Çocukluk Çalışmaları Dergisi · doi:10.24130/eccdjecs.1967202372500 · Cited by 3
Tambelli, R., Notari, V., Odorisio, F., & Laghi, F. (2014) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-014-0094-2 · Cited by 3
Marotta, P. (2015) · Police Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1098611115589291 · Cited by 4
Li, Z., Hygen, B. W., Widaman, K. F., Berg‐Nielsen, T. S., Wichstrøm, L., & Belsky, J. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01013 · Cited by 3
“…history, one of insecure attachment early in life is associated with more problematic functioning later in development, including externalizing problems (e.g., Fearon et al., 2010; Groh et al., 2012) and internalizing ones (e.g., Shaw et al., 1997; Brumariu and Kerns, 2010; Colonnesi et al., 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialVII. DEVELOPMENTAL TRAJECTORIES OF CHILDREN’S EMOTIONAL REACTIVITY AFTER THE BIRTH OF A SIBLING
Kuo, P. X., Volling, B. L., Gonzalez, R., Oh, W., & Yu, T. (2017) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/mono.12313 · Cited by 3
Jayaraman, S., & Smith, L. B. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108351959.020 · Cited by 2
Maurer, D. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108351959.006 · Cited by 3
Rengel, A. C., Terradas, M. M., Jamet, L., Drieu, D., Guillemette, R., & Didier, O. (2022) · European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1016/j.ejtd.2022.100284 · Cited by 3
Intellectual Disability/Intellectual Developmental Disorder
Bertelli, M. O., Hollenweger, J., Tassé, M. J., Straccia, C., Rondini, E., Bianco, A., Jung, R. E., Buonaguro, E. F., Simeonsson, R. J., Münir, K., et al. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95720-3_1 · Cited by 7
Tereno, S., Greacen, T., & Guédeney, A. (2022) · Children · doi:10.3390/children9081166 · Cited by 3
“Of all home-based interventions, those conducted jointly by nurses and infant mental-health workers have been found to yield the best results, particularly in reducing externalizing behavior problems [18].”
BackgroundBahrampour, S., Davoodi, A., Fath, N., & Naziri, G. (2023) · Practice in Clinical Psychology · doi:10.32598/jpcp.11.2.870.1 · Cited by 3
Gregersen, M., Ellersgaard, D., Søndergaard, A., Christiani, C. J., Hemager, N., Spang, K. S., Burton, B. K., Uddin, M. J., Ohland, J., Gantriis, D. L., et al. (2023) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12941 · Cited by 3
Liang, K., Yang, Y., Chen, K., Lv, F., & Du, L. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-62288-5 · Cited by 5
“It is worth noting that, among these factors, attachment style did not show any risk or protective effects, even though it showed statistical significance in single-factor analysis across groups, which differs slightly from previous research 10,19 .”
ResultTaşel-Günal, Z., & Arıkan, G. (2024) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-024-02783-5 · Cited by 3
“…Western and non-Western cultures, may function as risk factors for various child outcomes, encompassing emotion dysregulation (Brenning & Braet, 2013), behavioural problems (Fearon et al., 2010), and subsequent development of depression and anxiety (Colonnesi et al., 2011; Spruit et al., 2020).”
Misevičė, M., Gervinskaitė-Paulaitienė, L., & Lesinskienė, S. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14070595 · Cited by 5
Kim, S. G., Holland, A. S., Brezinski, K., Tu, K. M., & McElwain, N. L. (2024) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-024-02091-7 · Cited by 4
“Adolescents who are insecurely attached to their parents may be at elevated risk for developing internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, whereas attachment security may buffer against risk (Brumariu & Kerns, 2010; Fearon et al., 2010).”
van der Hoeven, M. L., Bouwmeester, S., Schlattmann, N., Lindauer, R., & Hein, I. M. (2024) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2024.2416288 · Cited by 4
“These findings are in line with previous research indicating that children with a disorganized attachment style have higher levels of externalizing problem behaviour than children with the other insecure styles (Badovinac et al., 2021; Fearon et al., 2010; Groh et al., 2017; O’Connor et al., 2011).”
ResultConstantinescu, N., Sandnes, R., & Bacro, F. (2025) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2025.2536935 · Cited by 3
“Indeed, numerous studies have found that, unlike insecurity and especially dis-organization, attachment security was associated with higher self-esteem as well as fewer internalized and externalized problems during childhood and adolescence (Fearon et al., 2010; Groh et al., 2017).”
Nunes, S. A. N., Faraco, A. M. X., Vieira, M. L., Lisbôa, C. S. D. M., & Rubin, K. H. (2016) · Interação em Psicologia · doi:10.5380/psi.v19i3.32371 · Cited by 3
Association Between Nonparenting Adult’s Attachment Patterns and Brain Structure and Function
Letourneau, N. L., Hart, J. M., & MacMaster, F. P. (2017) · SAGE Open Nursing · doi:10.1177/2377960816685572 · Cited by 3
IX. DEVELOPMENTAL TRAJECTORIES OF CHILDREN’S SOMATIC COMPLAINTS AFTER THE BIRTH OF A SIBLING
Beyers-Carlson, E. E. A., Stevenson, M. M., Gonzalez, R., Oh, W., Volling, B. L., & Yu, T. (2017) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/mono.12315 · Cited by 4
Shim, S. Y., & Lim, S. A. (2019) · Early Child Development and Care · doi:10.1080/03004430.2019.1598400 · Cited by 3
Hong, J. S., Hsieh, Y., Burlaka, V., Ortega, R. M., Espelage, D. L., & Piñeros-Leaño, M. (2021) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10560-020-00736-7 · Cited by 2
Hubbell, J. T., Heide, K. M., & Wagers, S. M. (2021) · Behavioral Sciences & the Law · doi:10.1002/bsl.2529 · Cited by 3
Specificities of the Subjective Quality of Life of Children Involved with the Child Welfare System
Toussaint, E., Bacro, F., Florin, A., & Guimard, P. (2022) · International handbooks of quality-of-life · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-01783-4_26 · Cited by 4
Burns, S., Falenchuk, O., McMullen, E., & Perlman, M. (2023) · Early Childhood Education Journal · doi:10.1007/s10643-023-01513-8 · Cited by 4
“In contrast, inconsistent responses to children’s needs can cause children to form anxious or inse - cure attachments (Bowlby, 1969; Ainsworth and Bowlby, 1991), which in turn can result in internalizing and externalizing behaviours (Fearon et al., 2010).”
Santarén, R. M. T., Salvador, G., & Cerezo, M. Á. (2014) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · Cited by 3
Attachment dimensions’ capacity to predict problem behaviors in an African context
Mashegoane, S., & Ramoloto, N. P. (2015) · South African Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1177/0081246315603334 · Cited by 3
“Also contrary to extant literature (Bekker et al., 2007; Fearon et al., 2010), sex did not appear to moderate the results since the scores of male and female learners on major variables did not differ.”
BackgroundResultVI. DEVELOPMENTAL TRAJECTORIES OF CHILDREN’S ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION AFTER THE BIRTH OF A SIBLING
Thomason, E., Oh, W., Volling, B. L., Gonzalez, R., & Yu, T. (2017) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/mono.12312 · Cited by 4
Tidlig barneverninnsats med utgangspunkt i tilknytningsforskning
Kvello, Ø. (2012) · Tidsskriftet Norges barnevern · doi:10.18261/issn1891-1838-2012-03-02 · Cited by 3
Lindberg, M. A., & Zeid, D. (2018) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x17750353 · Cited by 3
“…to these behaviors is predicted to be most salient (a) in response to negative affect, when unable to obtain security from attachment figures (Fearon et al., 2010; Fearon & Belsky, 2011); and (b) Lindberg and Zeid 3751 in the presence of peers engaging in criminal behavior that elicits…”
BackgroundCibralic, S., Owen, C. K., & Kohlhoff, J. R. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03213-5_21 · Cited by 3
Modeling Female Social Aggression: Predictors from Multiple Developmental Contexts
Cleveland, E. S., & Yu, M. (2019) · The Journal of Genetic Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221325.2019.1632254 · Cited by 4
“Indeed, researchers working with meta-analytic data have concluded that attachment insecurity is quite clearly associated with aggression (Fearon et al., 2010).”
BackgroundInfant Learning in the Digital Age
Rusnak, S. N., & Barr, R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108351959.016 · Cited by 3
Pentima, L. D., & Ramelli, S. (2020) · RICERCHE DI PSICOLOGIA · doi:10.3280/rip2020-003005 · Cited by 3
Secure Base Representations among Inner-City Adolescents
Richardson, P. A., Sala‐Hamrick, K., Simon, V. A., & Barnett, D. (2019) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-018-01312-5 · Cited by 3
Attachment: normal development, individual differences, and associations with experience
Dozier, M., & Bernard, K. (2015) · doi:10.1002/9781118381953.ch6 · Cited by 3
Hertz, R. (2020) · Scholars' Bank (University of Oregon) · Cited by 3
Lang, K. (2014) · OPUS FAU (Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (KOBV), on behalf of the Universitätsbibliothek Erlangen-Nürnberg) · Cited by 3
Kelly, W. (2015) · Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka (Figshare) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.17012444.v1 · Cited by 3
Attachment and the Development of Personality and Social Functioning
Fransson, M. (2014) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 3
Ethiopian Adoptees’ Experiences of Attachment after Adoption in Australia: A Qualitative Study
Winkenweder, H., Due, C., & Strelan, P. (2021) · Adoption Quarterly · doi:10.1080/10926755.2021.1884156 · Cited by 2
“…and the development of trust may be negatively impacted by insecure attachment (Groh et al., 2012; Hesse & Main, 2000; Lo et al., 2017), which can also lead to forms of anxiety as well as other mental health problems (Fearon et al., 2010; Hesse & Main, 2000; Jinyao et al., 2012; Lo et al., 2017).”
BackgroundResultHayne, H., & Herbert, J. S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108351959.012 · Cited by 1
Kwok, S. Y. C. L., Xie, X., & Kwan, C. K. (2023) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107014 · Cited by 2
Classes of child-mother attachment disorganization from infancy to the preschool years
Bureau, J., Deneault, A., Plamondon, A., & Meins, E. (2024) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2024.2399349 · Cited by 3
“…most profound impact on the attachment field, leading Main and the rest of the attachment community to explore child correlates of disorganization (Fearon et al., 2010; van IJzendoorn et al., 1999), parental behaviors associated with disorganization (Cyr et al., 2010; Madigan et al., 2006, 2024),…”
Saeed, M., & Ali, R. (2025) · The Family Journal · doi:10.1177/10664807241312200 · Cited by 4
Associations between language skills and emotional and behavioural problems: A systematic review
Schramm, C., Kölbel, C., Merten, M., Nitz, J., Hennemann, T., & Ulrich, T. (2025) · Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs · doi:10.1111/1471-3802.70030 · Cited by 2
Baudry, C., Massé, L., Pearson, J., & Simard, M. (2025) · journal for the education of the gifted · doi:10.1177/01623532251406348 · Cited by 2
“…an insecure attachment style, which is associated with dif fi culties such as low self-con fi dence, reduced trust in others, challenges in emotional regulation (Fearon et al., 2010; Fuentes-Balderrama et al., 2023; Malekpour, 2007), and school-related problems (Holt, 2014; Moss & St-Laurent, 2001).”
Attachment Video-feedback Intervention with Children and Their Foster Parents: A Case Study
Bretesché, T., Toussaint, E., Tarabulsy, G. M., Simon, P., Raynaud, A., & Bacro, F. (2025) · Child Care in Practice · doi:10.1080/13575279.2025.2585042 · Cited by 2
“They are at an increased risk of developing insecure attachment, which is linked to an increased likelihood of behavioral and mental health issues later in life (Fearon et al., 2010; Groh et al., 2012).”
Bureau, J., Rifkin-Graboi, A. E., Jacobvitz, D. B., & Deneault, A. (2026) · Psychoanalytic Inquiry · doi:10.1080/07351690.2025.2609521 · Cited by 3
Volling, B. L., Oh, W., & Gonzalez, R. (2017) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/mono.12309 · Cited by 2
Vischer, A.-F., Post, W. J., Grietens, H. W. E., Knorth, E. J., & Bronfman, E. T. (2019) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21823 · Cited by 3
Bulat, L. R., Sušac, N., & Ajduković, M. (2019) · Drustvena istrazivanja · doi:10.5559/di.28.2.05 · Cited by 2
Development and use of the Early Attachment Observation tool for infant mental health
Hunter, R., Ranger, S., & Ingram, L. (2021) · Journal of Health Visiting · doi:10.12968/johv.2021.9.3.108 · Cited by 2
Investigating the Relationship Between Disability Status and Grit
Glover, H. L., Robertson, S., & Geye, T. (2021) · Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research · doi:10.24839/2325-7342.jn26.2.130 · Cited by 2
El Apego Va a Juicio: Problemas de Custodia y Protección Infantil1
Forslund, T., Granqvist, P., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Sagi-Schwartz, A., Glaser, D., Steele, M., Hammarlund, M., Schuengel, C., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., Steele, H., et al. (2021) · Anuario de Psicología Jurídica · doi:10.5093/apj2021a26 · Cited by 7
“…negativas (incluidos los problemas de conducta externalizados) aún no son lo suficientemente fuertes como para que el apego desorganizado per se sea tomado como un indica-dor de patología en la toma de decisiones de los juzgados de familia respecto a casos individuales (Fearon et al., 2010).”
Self-citationDégeilh, F., Leblanc, É., Daneault, V., Beauchamp, M. H., & Bernier, A. (2023) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2023.2172437 · Cited by 2
Akyol, N. A., Ergin, D. A., & Kallitsoglou, A. (2023) · Early Child Development and Care · doi:10.1080/03004430.2023.2218596 · Cited by 3
Infant Development: The First 3 Years of Life
McLean, M. A., Humphreys, K. L., & Zeanah, C. H. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42825-9_97-1 · Cited by 4
Kitagawa, Y., Thorpe, D., & Bernard, K. (2023) · Parenting · doi:10.1080/15295192.2023.2236171 · Cited by 2
de Voss, S. S., Wilson, P., Ertmann, R. K., & Overbeck, G. (2024) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-024-04800-4 · Cited by 2
Attachment and body representations in adolescents with personality disorder
Buhl‐Nielsen, B., Steele, H., & Steele, M. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23705 · Cited by 2
Norlén, A., Bäccman, C., Thorén, A., & Almqvist, K. (2024) · Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1080/23794925.2024.2358486 · Cited by 2
“Disorganized attachment is associated with less positive outcomes in child development, an increased risk for behavior problems (Fearon et al., 2010; Thompson, 2016), and an increased risk for post-traumatic symptoms if the child is exposed (McDonald et al., 2008).”
BackgroundExploring the Unmet Needs of Teachers of Young Children with ADHD Symptoms: A Qualitative Study
Aldabbagh, R., Daley, D., Sayal, K. S., & Glazebrook, C. (2024) · Children · doi:10.3390/children11091053 · Cited by 8
“According to attachment theory [28], children may avoid developing externalising problems if they have stable relationships with their primary carers [29] which reflects on their academic achievement [30,31].”
BackgroundDavranış Sorunlarını Yordamada Ebeveyn Çocuk İlişkisi
Cesur, E., & Yurdakul, Y. (2024) · Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.17152/gefad.1355049 · Cited by 2
Krantz, M. F., Gregersen, M., Veddum, L., Hjorthøj, C. R., Prøsch, Å. K., Ohland, J., Brandt, J. M., Rohd, S. B., Knudsen, C. B., Andreassen, A. K., et al. (2024) · JCPP Advances · doi:10.1002/jcv2.12274 · Cited by 2
“…prevalence of mental disorder at age 11, in line with our cross ‐ sectional findings at age 7 (Gregersen et al., 2023) and previous findings of a link between non ‐ secure attachment and risk of mental disorders (Brumariu & Kerns, 2010; Fearon et al., 2010; Madigan et al., 2013; Sroufe, 2005).”
Flores, A., & Charak, R. (2024) · Child Abuse Review · doi:10.1002/car.70001 · Cited by 2
Chen, Y., Zhao, Y., & Deng, X. (2025) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.70002 · Cited by 2
Genetic contributions to the stability and satisfaction in Sexual Relationships
Eskandar, K. (2025) · Global Medical Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.gmg.2025.100043 · Cited by 2
“Conversely, adverse childhood experiences can amplify genetic risks, leading to maladaptive attachment behaviors that hinder relationship success [18].”
Preliminary findings on psychometric properties of the adolescent story stem profile
Zhang, Y., Hillman, S., Pereira, M., Anderson, K., & Cross, R. M. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1478372 · Cited by 2
Kurbatfinski, S., Ntanda, H. N., Mullin, J., Dewey, D., Leung, B. M. Y., & Letourneau, N. L. (2025) · Children · doi:10.3390/children12050535 · Cited by 1
Zentner, M. R. (2025) · Familiendynamik · doi:10.21706/fd-50-3-206 · Cited by 2
Story Completion Methods in Qualitative Research
Braun, V., Clarke, V., Frith, H., & Moller, N. P. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197681039.003.0003 · Cited by 2
Bernier, A., Fontaine, N. M. G., Béliveau, M., Leclerc, G., Cyr, C. P., Soulez, C., & Lavoie, A. (2025) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579425100564 · Cited by 2
“For example, three distinct meta-analyses suggest that the AQS has about twice the predictive power of the SSP with respect to child internalizing problems (Groh et al., 2012), externalizing problems (Fearon et al., 2010), and social competence (Groh et al., 2014).”
Kato, T., Fujiwara, T., & Kawachi, I. I. (2016) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.12432 · Cited by 2
“2013), which potentially result in children’s ill-preparation for organized environments such as school (Fearon et al. 2010; Pasco Fearon & Belsky 2011; Groh et al. 2012).”
BackgroundII. METHODS AND PROCEDURES FOR THE FAMILY TRANSITIONS STUDY
Oh, W., Volling, B. L., Gonzalez, R., Rosenberg, L., & Song, J. (2017) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/mono.12308 · Cited by 3
Screening for relational indices of care quality in applicant foster parents
Chinnery, S.-A. (2017) · Advances in Social Work and Welfare Education · Cited by 2
Scaffolding the Brain: Infant Parent Psychotherapy during the Primary Biological Entrainment Period
Newton, R. P. (2020) · Journal of Infant Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/15289168.2020.1717207 · Cited by 2
Environment and genetic predictors of infant attachment disorganization
Gedaly, L. R. (2015) · NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro) · Cited by 2
Related Factors for Behavioral Problems in Toddlers Born Prematurely
Ahn, Y., & Lee, S. M. (2016) · Child Health Nursing Research · doi:10.4094/chnr.2016.22.1.45 · Cited by 2
“특히 모아 애착은 영유아기 신뢰감 형성에 기초가 되는데 불안정 한 모아 애착은 초기 아동기 불안, 우울, 위축과 같은 정서적 문제를 유 발하고 이는 공격성, 과잉행동, 비행 등의 행동으로 나타날 수 있다 [8,9].”
Social Science, Parenting and Child Development
Fearon, P. R. M., Campbell, C., & Murray, L. (2015) · Palgrave Macmillan eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137269928_2 · Cited by 2
Self-citationA Boy’s Best Friend: Using Human–Animal Interaction with At-Risk Teen Boys
Thomas, J. L. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30097-9_5 · Cited by 3
X. DEVELOPMENTAL TRAJECTORIES OF CHILDREN’S SLEEP PROBLEMS AFTER THE BIRTH OF A SIBLING
Safyer, P., Stevenson, M. M., Gonzalez, R., Volling, B. L., Oh, W., & Yu, T. (2017) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/mono.12316 · Cited by 2
Alfaro, A. U., Meinz, P., Morash, V. S., Lei, D., Kronberg, J., Lara, S., Jian, S. H., & Moore, M. (2019) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21817 · Cited by 2
Kelekatan dan Kesejahteraan Psikologis Anak dan Remaja: Studi Meta-Analisis
Wahyuningsih, H., Novitasari, R., & Kusumaningrum, F. A. (2021) · Psympathic Jurnal ilmiah Psikologi · doi:10.15575/psy.v7i2.6426 · Cited by 13
Child Development and Well-Being
Geiger, J., & Schelbe, L. (2021) · The Handbook on Child Welfare Practice · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-73912-6_3 · Cited by 3
Homonchuk, O., & Barlow, J. (2021) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.12920 · Cited by 2
Forslund, T., Granqvist, P., Hammarlund, M., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Sagi-Schwartz, A., Glaser, D., Steele, M., Steele, H., Shaver, P. R., Schuengel, C., et al. (2022) · Devenir · doi:10.3917/dev.221.0015 · Cited by 3
Self-citationAttachment of young foster children
West, D., Holen, F. V., Verheyden, C., Gypen, L., & Vanderfaeillie, J. (2022) · Developmental Child Welfare · doi:10.1177/25161032221129287 · Cited by 2
“(2014) and Hockaday (2018) found no association between security of attachment and behavior problems of the foster child, but research in the regular population points to insecure attachment relationships increasing the risk for behavioral problems (Fearon et al., 2010; Groh et al., 2012).”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Fearon, R. P., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Lapsley, A.-M., & Roisman, G. I.
- Affiliations
- University of Reading
- University of Leiden
- Barnet Enfield and Haringey Mental Health Trust (GB)
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- ORCID
- Roisman, Glenn I
- Venue
- Child Development
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2010-03-01
- Volume
- 81
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 435-456
- ISSN
- 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-8624
- OpenAlex
- W2114691966
- Cited by
- 1,326
- References
- 151
- Citations by year
- 2026: 47 · 2025: 102 · 2024: 77 · 2023: 86 · 2022: 89 · 2021: 128 · 2020: 117 · 2019: 111 · 2018: 92 · 2017: 102 · 2016: 100 · 2015: 84 · 2014: 67 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 44
- FWCI
- 4.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- Locations
- Child Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CentAUR (University of Reading) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- insecure attachment, disorganized attachment, externalizing problems, attachment security, attachment avoidance, Strange Situation Procedure, child mental health, sex differences, clinical samples
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Aggression, Anxiety, Separation, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Internal-External Control, Male, Mother-Child Relations, Object Attachment, Personality Assessment, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Reactive Attachment Disorder
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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