Cited by 325Education, Achievement, and GiftednessSocial and Intergroup PsychologyCareer Development and Diversity

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Identity, Belonging, and Achievement: A Model, Interventions, Implications

Cohen, Geoffrey L., Garcia, Julio·2008·Current Directions in Psychological Science

DOI 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00607.x

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Abstract

In this article we discuss how social or group identities affect achievement. We also present a model of identity engagement that describes how a salient social identity can trigger psychological threat and belonging concerns and how these can produce persistent performance decrements, which through feedback loops can increase over time. The character of such processes may be revealed only over time because they are recursive in nature and interact with other factors in chronically evaluative social environments. Finally, we address how this model helped in the development of successful interventions.

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“Interventions designed to foster belonging have been effective in increasing subjective and objective measures of school achievement such as happiness, retention, and grade point average (GPA) (Cohen and Garcia, 2008; Walton et al., 2015; Walton and Cohen, 2011).”
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“Stereotype threats are situational in nature meaning that they can occur across a variety of settings where social identities are activated (Bowen, Wegmann, & Webber, 2013; Cohen & Garcia, 2008).”
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“…broad benefits for students, including academic adjustment, academic achievement, and increased retention (Allen et al., 2021; Andrews et al., 2021; Cohen & Garcia, 2008; Godwin & Potvin, 2015; Rohde et al., 2019; Verdín et al., 2018; Walton et al., 2012; Walton & Cohen, 2007; Zumbrunn et al.,…”
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“Yet research shows that members of marginalized groups frequently experience belonging uncertainty – uncertainty over whether they fit in – in mainstream cultural contexts (Cohen & Garcia, 2008; Schmader & Sedikides, 2018; Walton & Cohen, 2007).”
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Authors: Cohen, G. L., & Garcia, J.
Affiliations: University of Colorado Boulder (US)
Yale University (US)
Corresponding author: Cohen, Geoffrey L.
ORCID: Cohen, Geoffrey L.
Garcia, Julio
Venue: Current Directions in Psychological Science
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2008-12
Volume: 17
Issue: 6
Pages: 365-369
ISSN: 0963-7214 (ISSN-L)
1467-8721
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00607.x
OpenAlex: W1994932571
Cited by: 325
References: 29
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 5.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Current Directions in Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Career Development and Diversity
Keywords: social identity, group identity, achievement, psychological threat, sense of belonging, performance decrement, feedback loops

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Identity, Belonging, and Achievement: A Model, Interventions, Implications

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