The DOI matches its Crossref record; 88 of the 88 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Threat, Authoritarianism, and Selective Exposure to Information
Abstract
We examined the hypothesis that threat alters the cognitive strategies used by high authoritarians in seeking out new political information from the environment. In a laboratory experiment, threat was manipulated through a “mortality salience” manipulation used in research on terror management theory ( Pyszczynski, Solomon & Greenberg, 2003 ). Subjects (N = 92) were then invited to read one of three editorial articles on the topic of capital punishment. We found that in the absence of threat, both low and high authoritarians were responsive to salient norms of evenhandedness in information selection, preferring exposure to a two‐sided article that presents the merits of both sides of an issue to an article that selectively touts the benefits of the pro or con side of the issue. However, in the presence of threat, high but not low authoritarians became significantly more interested in exposure to an article containing uniformly pro‐attitudinal arguments, and significantly less interested in a balanced, two‐sided article. Finally, a path analysis indicated that selective exposure to attitude‐congruent information led to more internally consistent policy attitudes and inhibited attitude change. Discussion focuses on the role of threat in conditioning the cognitive and attitudinal effects of authoritarianism.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Individuals with a lower threshold for tolerating uncertainty tend to be more rigid and closed-minded in their worldviews, values, and attitudes [45,153], especially when uncertainty is explicitly linked with threat [154,155].”
From Impact of Media-Induced Uncertainty on Mental Health: Narrative-Based Perspective. (2025) · cites this paper as [154]
In the citing paper
“Results suggest that, consistent with some lines of speculation [56], individual-level authoritarianism shapes political systems, rather than political systems shaping individual attitudes (although, of course, neither causal path necessarily operates at the exclusion of the other).”
From Pathogens and Politics: Further Evidence That Parasite Prevalence Predicts Authoritarianism (2013) · cites this paper as [56]
Citations
Cites
A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance
Festinger, L. (1957) · doi:10.1515/9781503620766 · Cited by 24,241
An Economic Theory of Democracy.
Banfield, E. C., & Downs, A. J. (1958) · Midwest Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2109186 · Cited by 18,558
A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance
Morvan, C., & O’Connor, A. (2017) · Macat Library eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781912282432 · Cited by 18,284
The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion
Zaller, J. R. (1992) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511818691 · Cited by 7,785
Structural model evaluation and modification: An interval estimation approach
Steiger, J. H. (1990) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr2502_4 · Cited by 7,408
Book Review: The Psychology of Attitudes
Chakravarti, D., Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (1997) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151869 · Cited by 7,173
Adorno, T. W., Frenkel-Bruνswik, E., Levinson, D. M., & Sandford, R. N. (2001) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781446220986.n8 · Cited by 6,460
The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion.
Kenski, H. C., & Zaller, J. R. (1993) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2074664 · Cited by 5,150
Political conservatism as motivated social cognition.
Jost, J. T., Glaser, J., Kruglanski, A. W., & Sulloway, F. J. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.3.339 · Cited by 4,904 · cited 3×
“With regard to threat sensitivity, Lavine, Lodge, Polichak, and Taber (2002) found that individuals scoring high on Altemeyer's right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) scale responded more quickly to threatening words (e.”
BackgroundInfluentialMadison, P., & Mischel, W. (1968) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421067 · Cited by 4,395
Research works printed but not linked: 15
- Altemeyer B., 1988, Enemies of freedom
- 10.1037//0022-3514.71.4.637 · DOI
- 10.1037//0033-295X.85.6.485 · DOI
- Bentler P. B., 1985, Theory and implementation of EQS: A structural equations program
- 10.1037//0022-3514.52.2.279 · DOI
- 10.1037//0022-3514.61.4.629 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037//0022-3514.83.1.75 · DOI
- Eagly A. H., 1981, Cognitive responses in persuasion, 173
- Eagly A. H., 1993, The psychology of attitudes
- Fazio R. H., 1986, The handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior
- 10.1037//0022-3514.58.2.308 · DOI · Paper page
- Iyengar S., 1987, News that matters
- Lavine H., 1999, Why we evaluate: Functions of attitudes, 97
- 10.1037//0033-295X.106.4.835 · DOI · Paper page
- Thompson M. M., 1995, Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences, 361
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cultural Backlash: Trump, Brexit, and Authoritarian Populism
Norris, P., & Inglehart, R. (2019) · doi:10.1017/9781108595841 · Cited by 2,986
Political Ideology: Its Structure, Functions, and Elective Affinities
Jost, J. T., Federico, C. M., & Napier, J. L. (2009) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163600 · Cited by 2,125
The end of the end of ideology.
Jost, J. T. (2006) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.61.7.651 · Cited by 1,614
Feeling validated versus being correct: A meta-analysis of selective exposure to information
Hart, W., Albarracín, D., Eagly, A. H., Brechan, I., Lindberg, M. J., & Merrill, L. (2009) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0015701 · Cited by 1,292
Two Decades of Terror Management Theory: A Meta-Analysis of Mortality Salience Research
Burke, B. L., Martens, A., & Faucher, E. H. (2010) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868309352321 · Cited by 1,188
American Patriotism, National Identity, and Political Involvement
Huddy, L., & Khatib, N. (2007) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00237.x · Cited by 920
Politically Motivated Reinforcement Seeking: Reframing the Selective Exposure Debate
Garrett, R. K. (2009) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2009.01452.x · Cited by 714
Cultural backlash Trump, Brexit, and authoritarian populism
Norris, P., & Inglehart, R. (2019) · Cited by 500
Authoritarianism, Threat, and Americans’ Support for the War on Terror
Hetherington, M. J., & Suhay, E. (2011) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00514.x · Cited by 504
Personality and the Foundations of Political Behavior
Mondak, J. J. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511761515.001 · Cited by 341
A New Era of Minimal Effects? A Response to Bennett and Iyengar
Holbert, R. L., Garrett, R., & Gleason, L. S. (2010) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2009.01470.x · Cited by 307
Bakker, B. N., Rooduijn, M., & Schumacher, G. (2015) · European Journal of Political Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6765.12121 · Cited by 306
Social Justice: History, Theory, and Research
Jost, J. T., & Kay, A. C. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470561119.socpsy002030 · Cited by 298
Cohrs, J. C., & Asbrock, F. (2008) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.545 · Cited by 232
Selective Exposure in the Internet Age: The Interaction between Anxiety and Information Utility
Valentino, N. A., Banks, A. J., Hutchings, V. L., & Davis, A. K. (2009) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2009.00716.x · Cited by 228
Huddy, L., & Feldman, S. (2011) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0024894 · Cited by 227
Death Goes to the Polls: A Meta-Analysis of Mortality Salience Effects on Political Attitudes
Burke, B. L., Kosloff, S., & Landau, M. J. (2013) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12005 · Cited by 209
Who Decides When The Party Doesn’t? Authoritarian Voters and the Rise of Donald Trump
MacWilliams, M. C. (2016) · PS Political Science & Politics · doi:10.1017/s1049096516001463 · Cited by 201
Motivated Reasoning and Public Opinion Perception
Nir, L. (2011) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfq076 · Cited by 184
Pathogens and Politics: Further Evidence That Parasite Prevalence Predicts Authoritarianism
Murray, D. R., Schaller, M., & Suedfeld, P. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062275 · Cited by 182
Reflecting on Six Decades of Selective Exposure Research: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities
Smith, S. M., Fabrigar, L. R., & Norris, M. E. (2008) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00060.x · Cited by 152
Preference for radical right-wing populist parties among exclusive-nationalists and authoritarians
Dunn, K. P. (2013) · Party Politics · doi:10.1177/1354068812472587 · Cited by 154
Interpersonal Attachment and Patterns of Ideological Belief
Weber, C. R., & Federico, C. M. (2007) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2007.00579.x · Cited by 145
Nam, H. H., Jost, J. T., & Bavel, J. J. V. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059837 · Cited by 135
The Economic Origins of Authoritarian Values: Evidence From Local Trade Shocks in the United Kingdom
Ballard-Rosa, C., Malik, M., Rickard, S. J., & Scheve, K. F. (2021) · Comparative Political Studies · doi:10.1177/00104140211024296 · Cited by 145
Conformity in Groups: The Effects of Others’ Views on Expressed Attitudes and Attitude Change
Levitan, L. C., & Verhulst, B. (2016) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-015-9312-x · Cited by 129
McCann, S. J. H. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.5.913 · Cited by 116
A motivational model of authoritarianism: Integrating personal and situational determinants
Jugert, P., & Duckitt, J. (2009) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2009.00722.x · Cited by 112
Authoritarianism, threat, and prejudice: An analysis of mediation and moderation
Cohrs, J. C., & Ibler, S. (2009) · Basic and Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/01973530802659638 · Cited by 110
Crawford, J. T. (2017) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.2017.35.4.354 · Cited by 139
Authoritarianism and American Political Behavior from 1952 to 2008
Cizmar, A. M., Layman, G. C., McTague, J. M., Pearson‐Merkowitz, S., & Spivey, M. (2013) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1065912913492019 · Cited by 102
Perrin, A. J. (2005) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2005.00414.x · Cited by 107
Risk Orientation, Risk Exposure, and Policy Opinions: The Case of Free Trade
Ehrlich, S. D., & Maestas, C. D. (2010) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2010.00774.x · Cited by 105
The Uncertainty Paradox: Perceived Threat Moderates the Effect of Uncertainty on Political Tolerance
Haas, I. J., & Cunningham, W. A. (2014) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12035 · Cited by 96
Bar‐Tal, D., Raviv, A., Raviv, A., & Dgani-Hirsh, A. (2008) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002708325942 · Cited by 95
Hartman, T. K., Stocks, T. V. A., McKay, R., Gibson-Miller, J., Levita, L., Martinez, A. P., Mason, L., McBride, O., Murphy, J., Shevlin, M., et al. (2021) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550620978023 · Cited by 97
Sindermann, C., Elhai, J. D., Moshagen, M., & Montag, C. (2020) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03214 · Cited by 78
Techniques for Measuring Selective Exposure: A Critical Review
Clay, R., Barber, J. M., & Shook, N. J. (2013) · Communication Methods and Measures · doi:10.1080/19312458.2013.813925 · Cited by 85
Intergroup threat and affective polarization in a multi-party system
Renström, E. A., Bäck, H., & Carroll, R. (2021) · Journal of Social and Political Psychology · doi:10.5964/jspp.7539 · Cited by 89
Resisting Political Fragmentation on the Internet
Garrett, R. K., & Resnick, P. (2011) · Daedalus · doi:10.1162/daed_a_00118 · Cited by 74
Authoritarianism and citizen attitudes towards European integration
Tillman, E. R. (2013) · European Union Politics · doi:10.1177/1465116513483182 · Cited by 69
Open versus Closed: Personality, Identity, and the Politics of Redistribution
Johnston, C. D., Lavine, H. G., & Federico, C. M. (2017) · Cited by 74
Self-citationJohnston, A. C., Warkentin, M. E., Dennis, A. R., & Siponen, M. T. (2018) · Decision Sciences · doi:10.1111/deci.12328 · Cited by 66
The Politics of Vaccine Hesitancy: An Ideological Dual-Process Approach
Bilewicz, M., & Soral, W. (2021) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/19485506211055295 · Cited by 64
Translating Molecular Insights in Autoimmunity into Effective Therapy
Feldmann, M. (2008) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-082708-100732 · Cited by 62
Fischer, P., Kastenmüller, A., Greitemeyer, T., Fischer, J., Frey, D., & Crelley, D. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/a0021595 · Cited by 63
The effects of information and social conformity on opinion change
Mallinson, D. J., & Hatemi, P. K. (2018) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0196600 · Cited by 62
Racial Diversity and the Dynamics of Authoritarianism
Velez, Y. R., & Lavine, H. G. (2017) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1086/688078 · Cited by 63
Self-citationStroud, N. J. (2014) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.009_update_001 · Cited by 58
Dallago, F., Mirisola, A., & Roccato, M. (2011) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.2011.565384 · Cited by 52
Peterson, B. E., & Plamondon, L. T. (2009) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2009.04.014 · Cited by 62
Right-wing authoritarianism, conspiracy mentality, and susceptibility to distorted alternative news
Frischlich, L., Hellmann, J. H., Brinkschulte, F., Becker, M., & Back, M. D. (2021) · Social Influence · doi:10.1080/15534510.2021.1966499 · Cited by 50
Kossowska, M., Trejtowicz, M., de Lemus, S., Bukowski, M., Hiel, A. V., & Goodwin, R. B. (2011) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1348/000712610x517262 · Cited by 47
Canetti, D., Halperin, E., Hobfoll, S. E., Shapira, O., & Hirsch‐Hoefler, S. (2009) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2008.12.007 · Cited by 47
Epistemic Factors in Selective Exposure and Political Misperceptions on the Right and Left
Meirick, P. C., & Bessarabova, E. (2015) · Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy · doi:10.1111/asap.12101 · Cited by 45
Bridging Partisan Divisions over Antiterrorism Policies
Malhotra, N. A., & Popp, E. (2010) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1065912910385251 · Cited by 40
Wolak, J., & Marcus, G. E. (2007) · The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · doi:10.1177/0002716207306086 · Cited by 43
Cultural threat perceptions predict violent extremism via need for cognitive closure
Obaidi, M., Anjum, G., Bierwiaczonek, K., Dovidio, J. F., Ozer, S., & Kunst, J. R. (2023) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2213874120 · Cited by 48
Catastrophic Politics: How Extraordinary Events Redefine Perceptions of Government
Atkeson, L. R., & Maestas, C. D. (2012) · Cited by 39
Direct and Indirect Implications of Pathogen Prevalence for Scientific and Technological Innovation
Murray, D. R. (2014) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022114532356 · Cited by 36
Chinese Perceptions of Threats from the United States and Japan
Sinkkonen, E., & Elovainio, M. J. (2019) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12630 · Cited by 36
Alternative Counter-News Use and Fake News Recall During the COVID-19 Crisis
Frischlich, L., Kuhfeldt, L., Schatto-Eckrodt, T., & Clever, L. (2023) · Digital Journalism · doi:10.1080/21670811.2022.2106259 · Cited by 38
Gender, Political Rhetoric, and Moral Metaphors in State of the City Addresses
Holman, M. R. (2015) · Urban Affairs Review · doi:10.1177/1078087415589191 · Cited by 33
Radical right framing of social policy in Hungary: between nationalism and populism
Lugosi, N. V. T. (2018) · Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy · doi:10.1080/21699763.2018.1483256 · Cited by 35
Zhang, W. (2012) · Asian Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/01292986.2012.701313 · Cited by 33
Fair's Fair? Principles, Partisanship, and Perceptions of the Fairness of Campaign Rhetoric
Stevens, D. P., Allen, B. C., Sullivan, J., & Lawrence, E. (2013) · British Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1017/s0007123413000045 · Cited by 32
Dyrstad, K. (2012) · Democratization · doi:10.1080/13510347.2012.688032 · Cited by 33
The Formation of Economic Perceptions in Post-Communist Countries of East Central Europe
Tverdova, Y. V. (2011) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-011-9160-2 · Cited by 31
Tullett, A. M., Hart, W., Feinberg, M., Fetterman, Z., & Gottlieb, S. (2016) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2016.06.018 · Cited by 31
CHAPTER 1 On the Social and Psychological Bases of Ideology and System Justification
(2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195320916.003.001 · Cited by 34
Authoritarianism, Institutional Confidence, and Willingness to Engage in Collective Action
Weiner, E., & Federico, C. M. (2017) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167216686561 · Cited by 31
The Threat of Terrorism and the Changing Public Discourse on Immigration after September 11
Woods, J., & Arthur, C. D. (2014) · Sociological Spectrum · doi:10.1080/02732173.2014.937652 · Cited by 35
Partisan Identification as a Predictor of Cortisol Response to Election News
Blanton, H., Strauts, E., & Pérez, M. (2012) · Political Communication · doi:10.1080/10584609.2012.736239 · Cited by 30
Crawford, J. T., Brady, J. L., Pilanski, J. M., & Erny, H. (2013) · Journal of Social and Political Psychology · doi:10.5964/jspp.v1i1.170 · Cited by 26
No Evidence for Ideological Asymmetry in Dissonance Avoidance
Collins, T. P., Crawford, J. T., & Brandt, M. J. (2017) · Social Psychology · doi:10.1027/1864-9335/a000300 · Cited by 29
Individual-level expectations of executive authority under territorial threat
Miller, S. V. (2015) · Conflict Management and Peace Science · doi:10.1177/0738894215600384 · Cited by 25
Lueders, A., Prentice, M. S., & Jonas, E. (2019) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2580 · Cited by 24
Jerit, J., & Kam, C. D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197541302.013.14 · Cited by 25
Dusso, A. (2016) · Social Science Quarterly · doi:10.1111/ssqu.12302 · Cited by 24
Yoxon, B., Hauwaert, S. M. V., & Kiess, J. M. (2017) · Acta Politica · doi:10.1057/s41269-017-0067-8 · Cited by 27
News Selectivity and Beyond: Motivated Reasoning in a Changing Media Environment
Yeo, S. K., Cacciatore, M. A., & Scheufele, D. A. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-04704-7_7 · Cited by 24
Impact of Media-Induced Uncertainty on Mental Health: Narrative-Based Perspective.
Kesner, L., Juríčková, V., Grygarová, D., & Horáček, J. (2025) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/68640 · Cited by 23
“Individuals with a lower threshold for tolerating uncertainty tend to be more rigid and closed-minded in their worldviews, values, and attitudes [45,153], especially when uncertainty is explicitly linked with threat [154,155].”
McCann, S. J. H. (2009) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.3200/jrlp.143.4.341-358 · Cited by 22
Dvir-Gvirsman, S. (2015) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfu061 · Cited by 23
Populist Attitudes and Political Engagement: Ugly, Bad, and Sometimes Good?
Ardağ, M. M., Silva, B. C., Thomeczek, J. P., Bandlow-Raffalski, S., & Littvay, L. (2019) · Representation · doi:10.1080/00344893.2019.1661870 · Cited by 26
Authoritarianism, Conservatism, Racial Diversity Threat, and the State Distribution of Hate Groups
McCann, S. J. H. (2009) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980903356065 · Cited by 22
Sinn, J. S. (2018) · Evolutionary Psychological Science · doi:10.1007/s40806-018-0165-5 · Cited by 20
Vail, K. E., Courtney, E., & Arndt, J. (2019) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12579 · Cited by 23
COVID-19 Fake News and Attitudes toward Asian Americans
Wright, C. L., & Duong, H. (2021) · Journal of Media Research · doi:10.24193/jmr.39.1 · Cited by 21
Computer control of pH and DO in a laboratory fermenter using a neural network technique
Mészáros, A., Andrášik, A., Mizsey, P., Fonyó, Z., & Illeová, V. (2004) · Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering · doi:10.1007/s00449-004-0374-0 · Cited by 18
Propensity to trust and risk aversion: Differential roles in the trust process
Alarcon, G. M., & Jessup, S. A. (2023) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104349 · Cited by 20
Rothmund, T., Bender, J., Nauroth, P., & Gollwitzer, M. (2015) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2125 · Cited by 17
Death and Television: Terror Management Theory and Themes of Law and Justice on Television
Taylor, L. D. (2012) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2011.553343 · Cited by 17
Scherer, A. M., Reisinger, H. S., Schweizer, M. L., Askelson, N. M., Fagerlin, A., & Lynch, C. F. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0193363 · Cited by 17
Authoritarianism and Attitudes Toward Welfare Recipients Under Covid-19 Shock
Blanchet, A., & Landry, N. (2021) · Frontiers in Political Science · doi:10.3389/fpos.2021.660881 · Cited by 16
Time heals many wounds – explaining the immediate and delayed effects of message sidedness
Küster-Rohde, F., & Eisend, M. (2015) · International Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/02650487.2015.1052616 · Cited by 16
Suburban Origins of the Tea Party: Spatial Dimensions of the New Conservative Personality
Thompson, M. J. (2012) · Critical Sociology · doi:10.1177/0896920511431905 · Cited by 16
Kim, M., & Kim, C. (2018) · Mass Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/15205436.2018.1506035 · Cited by 19
Hartman, T. K., Stocks, T. V. A., McKay, R., Gibson Miller, J., Levita, L., Martinez, A. P., Mason, L., McBride, O., Murphy, J., Shevlin, M., et al. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/4tcv5 · Cited by 18
Actual Threat, Perceived Threat, and Authoritarianism: An Experimental Study
Russo, S., Roccato, M., & Merlone, U. (2020) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/sjp.2020.7 · Cited by 16
Metadata
- Authors
- Lavine, H., Lodge, M., & Freitas, K.
- Affiliations
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Venue
- Political Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-03-09
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 219-244
- ISSN
- 0162-895X (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9221
- OpenAlex
- W2041413575
- Cited by
- 227
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 6.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Political Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Media Influence and Politics
- Keywords
- authoritarianism, threats, selective exposure, information seeking, mortality salience, terror management theory, death penalty, attitude consistency, attitude change
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review