CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 206Psychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology ResearchCounseling, Therapy, and Family Dynamics

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 215 of the 215 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Common factors aren’t so common: the common factors dilemma

Weinberger, Joel·1995·Clinical Psychology Science and Practice
DOI 10.1111/j.1468-2850.1995.tb00024.x
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

There is apparently little difference in the effectiveness of different kinds of psychotherapy. One explanation is that common factors cut across them. The major schools do not much attend to common factors, however, and it may be that outcome equivalence is due as much to common neglect of common factors as to their use. Five common factors are discussed: the therapeutic relationship, expectations, confronting problems, mastery, and attribution of outcome. Linear conceptions of causality seem to contribute to the problem of selective neglect of common factors, and it is suggested that reciprocal interaction may constitute a more viable way of understanding therapeutic processes. Although technical eclecticism and therapy integration have been proposed as potentially integrating the common factors, eclecticism lacks theoretical coherence, and viable integrations have yet to be offered, although statistical methods for testing them (causal modeling) may exist. To suggest what a productive integration could look like, a clinical example is connected metaphorically to a developmental model of attachment. Strategies for further research are also suggested.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1468-2850.1995.tb00024.x

Cites

215 of 215 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 54

  1. Ainsworth, 1978, Patterns of attachment: Assessed in the strange situation and at home
  2. Alexander, 1946, Psychoanalytic psychotherapy: Principles and applications
  3. Andersen, Handbook of motivation & cognition
  4. Barber, 1992, The Ways of Responding: A scale to assess compensatory skills taught in cognitive therapy, Behavioral Assessment, 14, 93
  5. Beck, 1979, The cognitive therapy of depression
  6. Beutler, 1990, Differential treatment selection: Toward targeted therapeutic interventions
  7. Beutler, 1994, Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change, 229
  8. Brady, 1980, Some views on effective principles of psychotherapy, Cognitive Therapy and Research, 4, 269
  9. Brenner, 1982, The mind in conflict
  10. Brodley, 1990, Client-centered and experiential psychotherapy in the nineties, 87
  11. Crits-Christoph, 1990, Understanding transference: The CCRT method, 173
  12. Daldrup, 1988, Focused expressive therapy: A treatment for constricted affect
  13. Dierick, 1990, Client-centered and experiential psychotherapy in the nineties, 741
  14. Elkin, 1994, Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change, 114
  15. Ellis, 1970, The essence of rational psychotherapy: A comprehensive approach to treatment
  16. Emmelkamp, 1994, Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change, 379
  17. Frank, 1973, Persuasion and healing
  18. Frank, 1982, The Master Lecture Series: Vol. 1. Psychotherapy research and behavior change, 5
  19. Frank, 1967, Logotherapy, Israel Annals of Psychiatry and Related Disciplines, 5, 142
  20. Freud, 1910, The standard edition of the complete psychological work of Sigmund Freud, 139
  21. Freud, 1912, The standard edition of the complete psychological work of Sigmund Freud, 85
  22. Freud, 1937, The standard edition of the complete psychological work of Sigmund Freud, 216
  23. Garfield, 1994, Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change, 3
  24. Gendlin, 1990, Client-centered and experiential psychotherapy in the nineties, 205
  25. Gitelson, 1962, The curative factor in psycho-analysis, International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 43, 194
  26. Goldfried, M. R. (Ed.). (1982). Converging themes in psychotherapy. New York: Springer.
  27. Greenberg, 1994, Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change, 509
  28. Hartley, 1983, Empirical studies of analytic concepts
  29. Henry, 1994, Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change, 467
  30. Hollon, 1994, Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change, 428
  31. Hollon, 1988, Social cognition and clinical psychology, 204
  32. Joreskog, 1986, Lisrel VI user's guide
  33. Lambert, 1994, Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change, 143
  34. Lambert, 1994, Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change, 72
  35. Lambert, 1986, Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change, 157
  36. Liberman, 1978, Effective ingredients of successful psychotherapy, 35
  37. Luborsky, 1984, Principles of psychoanalytic psychotherapy: A manual for supportive-expressive (SB) methods
  38. Maddux, 1991, Handbook of social and clinical psychology, 57
  39. Mill, 1881, A system of logic
  40. Nasby, 1986, Information processing approaches to clinical psychology, 217
  41. Orlinsky, 1986, Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change, 283
  42. Pennebaker, 1990, Opening up: The healing power of confiding in others
  43. Perls, 1951, Gestalt therapy
  44. Rado, 1925, The economic principle in psychoanalytic technique, International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 6, 35
  45. Rapaport, 1960, Psychological Issues, Monograph No. 6
  46. Reich, 1976, Character analysis
  47. Rosenthal, 1991, Essentials of behavioral research
  48. Shapiro, 1978, Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change, 369
  49. Sifheous, 1979, Short-term dynamic psychotherapy
  50. Turner, 1980, An annotated bibliography of placebo research, JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10
  51. Wachtel, 1987, Action and insight
  52. Weiss, 1986, The psychoanalytic process: Theory, clinical observation and empirical research
  53. Wilson, 1984, Current psychotherapies, 239
  54. Wolpem, 1958, Psychotherapy and reciprocal inhibition

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 206

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Weinberger, J.
Affiliations
Adelphi University (US)
Corresponding author
Weinberger, Joel
ORCID
Weinberger, Joel
Venue
Clinical Psychology Science and Practice
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
1995
Volume
2
Issue
1
Pages
45-69
ISSN
  • 0969-5893 (ISSN-L)
  • 1468-2850
DOI
10.1111/j.1468-2850.1995.tb00024.x
OpenAlex
W2078415908
Cited by
206
References
215
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 9
FWCI
14.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 7548 d)
Locations
Clinical Psychology Science and Practice (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Counseling, Therapy, and Family Dynamics
Keywords
common factors, psychotherapy outcome, therapeutic relationship, treatment expectations, mastery, outcome attribution, treatment integration, technical eclecticism, reciprocal interaction, attachment theory, psychotherapy effectiveness

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review