Cited by 5,656Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation StudiesNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeuroscience and Neural Engineering

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Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation

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Nitsche, M. A., Paulus, W.·2000·The Journal of Physiology

DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.xPMC PMC2270099

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Abstract

In this paper we demonstrate in the intact human the possibility of a non-invasive modulation of motor cortex excitability by the application of weak direct current through the scalp. Excitability changes of up to 40 %, revealed by transcranial magnetic stimulation, were accomplished and lasted for several minutes after the end of current stimulation. Excitation could be achieved selectively by anodal stimulation, and inhibition by cathodal stimulation. By varying the current intensity and duration, the strength and duration of the after-effects could be controlled. The effects were probably induced by modification of membrane polarisation. Functional alterations related to post-tetanic potentiation, short-term potentiation and processes similar to postexcitatory central inhibition are the likely candidates for the excitability changes after the end of stimulation. Transcranial electrical stimulation using weak current may thus be a promising tool to modulate cerebral excitability in a non-invasive, painless, reversible, selective and focal way.

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Authors: Nitsche, M. A., & Paulus, W.
Affiliations: University of Göttingen (DE)
Corresponding author: Nitsche, M. A.
ORCID: Nitsche, M. A.
Paulus, W.
Venue: The Journal of Physiology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2000-09
Volume: 527
Issue: 3
Pages: 633-639
ISSN: 0022-3751 (ISSN-L)
1469-7793
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.x
PMC: PMC2270099
OpenAlex: W2097273459
Cited by: 5,656
References: 29
Citations by year: 2026: 264 · 2025: 352 · 2024: 344 · 2023: 329 · 2022: 354 · 2021: 455 · 2020: 449 · 2019: 426 · 2018: 361 · 2017: 357 · 2016: 380 · 2015: 315 · 2014: 263 · 2013: 274 · 2012: 195
FWCI: 6.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: The Journal of Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
GRO (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
Keywords: transcranial direct current stimulation, motor cortex excitability, non-invasive brain stimulation, anodal stimulation, cathodal stimulation, aftereffects, post-tetanic potentiation, short-term potentiation, membrane polarization, transcranial magnetic stimulation
MeSH terms: Adult, Electric Stimulation, Electromagnetic Fields, Female, Humans, Male, Motor Cortex, Evoked Potentials, Motor

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Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation

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