Cited by 1,942Fire effects on ecosystemsPlant Water Relations and Carbon DynamicsEcology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 117 of the 118 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The global distribution of ecosystems in a world without fire

Bond, W. J., Woodward, F. I., Midgley, G. F.·2005·New Phytologist

DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01252.x

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

This paper is the first global study of the extent to which fire determines global vegetation patterns by preventing ecosystems from achieving the potential height, biomass and dominant functional types expected under the ambient climate (climate potential). To determine climate potential, we simulated vegetation without fire using a dynamic global-vegetation model. Model results were tested against fire exclusion studies from different parts of the world. Simulated dominant growth forms and tree cover were compared with satellite-derived land- and tree-cover maps. Simulations were generally consistent with results of fire exclusion studies in southern Africa and elsewhere. Comparison of global 'fire off' simulations with landcover and treecover maps show that vast areas of humid C(4) grasslands and savannas, especially in South America and Africa, have the climate potential to form forests. These are the most frequently burnt ecosystems in the world. Without fire, closed forests would double from 27% to 56% of vegetated grid cells, mostly at the expense of C(4) plants but also of C(3) shrubs and grasses in cooler climates. C(4) grasses began spreading 6-8 Ma, long before human influence on fire regimes. Our results suggest that fire was a major factor in their spread into forested regions, splitting biotas into fire tolerant and intolerant taxa.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01252.x

Cites

117 of 117 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

World Reference Base for Soil Resources
Driessen, P., Nachtergaele, F., Spaargaren, O. C., & Deckers, J. (2005) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/noe0849338304.ch410 · Cited by 7,248
Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology
Chapin, F., Matson, P., & Mooney, H. A. (2002) · Springer: New York · doi:10.1007/b97397 · Cited by 3,714
Community structure, population control, and competition.
Hairston, N. G., Smith, F. E., & Slobodkin, L. B. (1960) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/282146 · Cited by 3,492
Biological Invasions by Exotic Grasses, the Grass/Fire Cycle, and Global Change
D'Antonio, C. M., & Vitousek, P. M. (1992) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.es.23.110192.000431 · Cited by 3,399
Tree-Grass Interactions in Savannas
Scholes, R. J., & Archer, S. (1997) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.28.1.517 · Cited by 2,579
Communities and Ecosystems.
Clymo, R. S., & Whittaker, R. H. (1970) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.2307/2258550 · Cited by 2,431
Global land cover classification at 1 km spatial resolution using a classification tree approach
Hansen, M. C., DeFries, R., Townshend, J. R. G., & Sohlberg, R. A. (2000) · International Journal of Remote Sensing · doi:10.1080/014311600210209 · Cited by 2,284
Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology
Chapin, F. S., Matson, P. A., & Mooney, H. A. (2003) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.40-2771 · Cited by 2,172
Veld types of South Africa.
Acocks, J. P. H. (1953) · Govt. Printer eBooks · Cited by 2,151
Global vegetation change through the Miocene/Pliocene boundary
Cerling, T. E., Harris, J. M., MacFadden, B. J., Leakey, M. G., Quade, J., Eisenmann, V., & Ehleringer, J. R. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/38229 · Cited by 2,149

Show all 118 references

Research works printed but not linked: 14

Barnes DL, 1965, The effect of frequency of burning and mattocking on the control of coppice in the Marandellas sandveld, Rhodesian Journal of Agricultural Research, 3, 55
Booysen P de V, 1984, Ecological Studies
FAO, 2001, FAO Forestry Paper 140.
Goldammer JG, 1993, Wildfire management in forests and other vegetation: a global perspective, Disaster Management, 5, 3
Hassell CW, 2003, Fire in Ecosystems of South‐West Western Australia: Impacts and Management, 71
Meeson BW, 1995, Global Data Sets for Land Atmospheric Models, 1987–88
Midgley JJ, 1997, Vegetation of Southern Africa, 278
O'Connor TG, 1997, Vegetation of Southern Africa, 215
Pickett STA, 1985, The Ecology of Natural Disturbance
Prance GT, 1992, Nature and Dynamics of Forest‐Savanna Boundaries, 295
10.1111/j.1523-1739.1998.96392.x · DOI
Sarmiento G, 1992, Nature and Dynamics of Forest‐Savanna Boundaries, 583
Schimper AFW, 1903, Plant Geographyraphy on a Physiological Basis
TsvuuraV.1998.Effects of long‐term burning on some vegetation and soil characteristics on a dry miombo region at Marondera Zimbabwe.MSc Thesis University of Zimbabwe Zimbabwe.

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 1,000

Ecophysiological and bioclimatic foundations for a global plant functional classification
Harrison, S. P., Prentice, I. C., Barboni, D., Kohfeld, K. E., Ni, J., & Sutra, J. (2009) · Journal of Vegetation Science · doi:10.1111/j.1654-1103.2009.01144.x · Cited by 228
A process-based fire parameterization of intermediate complexity in a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model
Li, F., Zeng, X., & Levis, S. (2012) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-9-2761-2012 · Cited by 221
Woody plant encroachment intensifies under climate change across tundra and savanna biomes
Criado, M. G., Myers‐Smith, I. H., Bjorkman, A. D., Lehmann, C. E. R., & Stevens, N. (2020) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1111/geb.13072 · Cited by 221
A continental-scale analysis of tree cover in African savannas.
Bucini, G., & Hanan, N. P. (2007) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00325.x · Cited by 220
Abrupt Climate-Independent Fire Regime Changes
Pausas, J. G., & Keeley, J. E. (2014) · Ecosystems · doi:10.1007/s10021-014-9773-5 · Cited by 219
Atmosphere, ecology and evolution: what drove the Miocene expansion of C4grasslands?
Osborne, C. P. (2007) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01323.x · Cited by 217
Negative fire feedback in a transitional forest of southeastern Amazonia
Balch, J. K., Nepstad, D. C., Brando, P. M., Curran, L. M., Portela, O., de Carvalho, O., & LEFEBVRE, P. (2008) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01655.x · Cited by 214
The rising Great Plains fire campaign: citizens' response to woody plant encroachment
Twidwell, D., Rogers, W. E., Fuhlendorf, S. D., Wonkka, C. L., Engle, D. M., Weir, J. R., Kreuter, U. P., & Taylor, C. A. (2013) · Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment · doi:10.1890/130015 · Cited by 214
Scientists’ warning on wildfire — a Canadian perspective
Coogan, S. C. P., Robinne, F., Jain, P., & Flannigan, M. (2019) · Canadian Journal of Forest Research · doi:10.1139/cjfr-2019-0094 · Cited by 245
Fire dynamics during the 20th century simulated by the Community Land Model
Kloster, S., Mahowald, N. M., Randerson, J. T., THORNTON, P. E., Hoffman, F. M., Levis, S., Lawrence, P., Feddema, J. J., Oleson, K. W., & Lawrence, D. M. (2010) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-7-1877-2010 · Cited by 217
Many shades of green: the dynamic tropical forest–savannah transition zones
Menor, I. O., & Malhi, Y. S. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0308 · Cited by 214
The evolution of African plant diversity
Linder, H. P. (2014) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2014.00038 · Cited by 211
Do trophic cascades affect the storage and flux of atmospheric carbon? An analysis of sea otters and kelp forests
Wilmers, C. C., Estes, J. A., Edwards, M., Laidre, K. L., & Konar, B. H. (2012) · Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment · doi:10.1890/110176 · Cited by 211
Phylogenomic and ecological analyses reveal the spatiotemporal evolution of global pines
Jin, W., Gernandt, D. S., Wehenkel, C., Xia, X., Wei, X., & Wang, X. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2022302118 · Cited by 214
Strengths and weaknesses of MODIS hotspots to characterize global fire occurrence
Hantson, S., Padilla, M., Corti, D., & Chuvieco, E. (2013) · Remote Sensing of Environment · doi:10.1016/j.rse.2012.12.004 · Cited by 216
How does fire intensity and frequency affect miombo woodland tree populations and biomass?
Ryan, C. M., & Williams, M. (2010) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1890/09-1489.1 · Cited by 208
Pyrodiversity is the coupling of biodiversity and fire regimes in food webs
Bowman, D. M. J. S., Perry, G. L. W., Higgins, S. I., Johnson, C. N., Fuhlendorf, S. D., & Murphy, B. P. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0169 · Cited by 207
A portrait of the C4photosynthetic family on the 50th anniversary of its discovery: species number, evolutionary lineages, and Hall of Fame
Sage, R. F. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/erw156 · Cited by 205
Baseline intrinsic flammability of Earth’s ecosystems estimated from paleoatmospheric oxygen over the past 350 million years
Belcher, C. M., Yearsley, J. M., Hadden, R. M., McElwain, J. C., & Rein, G. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1011974107 · Cited by 204
Quantifying the role of fire in the Earth system – Part 1: Improved global fire modeling in the Community Earth System Model (CESM1)
Li, F., Levis, S., & Ward, D. S. (2013) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-10-2293-2013 · Cited by 209
Alternative community states maintained by fire in the Klamath Mountains, USA
Odion, D. C., Moritz, M. A., & DellaSala, D. A. (2009) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01597.x · Cited by 208
Global fire size distribution is driven by human impact and climate
Hantson, S., Pueyo, S., & Chuvieco, E. (2014) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1111/geb.12246 · Cited by 216
Future climate and fire interactions in the southeastern region of the United States
Mitchell, R. J., Liu, Y., O’Brien, J. J., Elliott, K. J., Starr, G., Miniat, C. F., & Hiers, J. K. (2014) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2013.12.003 · Cited by 207
Vegetation, Fire, and Feedbacks: A Disturbance‐Mediated Model of Savannas
Beckage, B., Platt, W. J., & Gross, L. J. (2009) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/648458 · Cited by 203
Will Climate Change Promote Alien Plant Invasions?
Thuiller, W., Richardson, D. M., & Midgley, G. F. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-36920-2_12 · Cited by 206
Self-citation
Post-fire Mediterranean vegetation dynamics and diversity: A discussion of succession models
Capitanio, R., & Carcaillet, C. (2007) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.010 · Cited by 202
Tyranny of trees in grassy biomes
Veldman, J. W., Overbeck, G. E., Negreiros, D., Mahy, G., Stradic, S. L., Fernandes, G. W., Durigan, G., Buisson, É., Putz, F. E., & Bond, W. J. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.347.6221.484-c · Cited by 208
Self-citation
Grazers, browsers, and fire influence the extent and spatial pattern of tree cover in the Serengeti.
Holdo, R. M., Holt, R. D., & Fryxell, J. M. (2009) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1890/07-1954.1 · Cited by 198
Future of African terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystems under anthropogenic climate change
Midgley, G. F., & Bond, W. J. (2015) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate2753 · Cited by 197
Self-citation
Long-term impacts of wildfire and logging on forest soils
Bowd, E., Banks, S. C., Strong, C., & Lindenmayer, D. B. (2019) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0294-2 · Cited by 203
Effects of fire on woody vegetation structure in African savanna
Smit, I. P. J., Asner, G. P., Govender, N., Kennedy-Bowdoin, T., Knapp, D., & Jacobson, J. (2010) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1890/09-0929 · Cited by 196
On the relationships between forest fires and weather conditions in Greece from long-term national observations (1894–2010)
Koutsias, N., Xanthopoulos, G., Founda, D., Xystrakis, F., Nioti, F., Pleniou, M., Mallinis, G., & Αριανούτσου, Μ. (2012) · International Journal of Wildland Fire · doi:10.1071/wf12003 · Cited by 195
A model for global biomass burning in preindustrial time: LPJ-LMfire (v1.0)
Pfeiffer, M., Spessa, A. C., & Kaplan, J. O. (2013) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-6-643-2013 · Cited by 199
Review of the use of remote sensing for biomass estimation to support renewable energy generation
Kumar, L., Sinha, P., Taylor, S., & Alqurashi, A. F. (2015) · Journal of Applied Remote Sensing · doi:10.1117/1.jrs.9.097696 · Cited by 193
Adaptation of forests and people to climate change - a global assessment report.
Seppälä, R., Buck, A., & Katila, P. (2009) · reroDoc Digital Library · Cited by 192
Perturbations in the carbon budget of the tropics
Grace, J., Mitchard, E. T. A., & Gloor, E. U. (2014) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.12600 · Cited by 198
Climate Change and Future Fire Regimes: Examples from California
Keeley, J. E., & Syphard, A. D. (2016) · Geosciences · doi:10.3390/geosciences6030037 · Cited by 207
Biodiversity in temperate European grasslands: origin and conservation.
Pärtel, M., Bruun, H. H., & Sammul, M. (2005) · Lund University Publications (Lund University) · Cited by 190
Quantitative assessment of fire and vegetation properties in simulations with fire-enabled vegetation models from the Fire Model Intercomparison Project
Hantson, S., Kelley, D. I., Arneth, A., Harrison, S. P., Archibald, S. A., Bachelet, D., Forrest, M., Hickler, T., Lasslop, G., Li, F., et al. (2020) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-13-3299-2020 · Cited by 194
Determinants of flammability in savanna grass species
Simpson, K. J., Ripley, B. S., Christin, P., Belcher, C. M., Lehmann, C. E. R., Thomas, G. H., & Osborne, C. P. (2015) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2745.12503 · Cited by 200
The underestimated biodiversity of tropical grassy biomes
Murphy, B. P., Andersen, A. N., & Parr, C. L. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0319 · Cited by 188
Is there a ‘browse trap’? Dynamics of herbivore impacts on trees and grasses in an African savanna
Staver, A. C., & Bond, W. J. (2014) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2745.12230 · Cited by 188
Self-citation
Once burned, twice shy: Repeat fires reduce seed availability and alter substrate constraints on Picea mariana regeneration
Brown, C. D., & Johnstone, J. F. (2011) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2011.11.006 · Cited by 188
Microbial responses to nitrogen addition in three contrasting grassland ecosystems
Zeglin, L. H., Štursová, M., Sinsabaugh, R. L., & Collins, S. L. (2007) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/s00442-007-0836-6 · Cited by 187
Banksia born to burn
He, T., Lamont, B. B., & Downes, K. S. (2011) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03663.x · Cited by 186
Humboldt and the reinvention of nature
Pausas, J. G., & Bond, W. J. (2018) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2745.13109 · Cited by 192
Self-citation
Fire and plant diversity at the global scale
Pausas, J. G., & Ribeiro, E. (2017) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1111/geb.12596 · Cited by 185
Precipitation as driver of carbon fluxes in 11 African ecosystems
Merbold, L., Ardö, J., Arneth, A., Scholes, R. J., Nouvellon, Y., de Grandcourt, A., Archibald, S. A., Bonnefond, J. M., Boulain, N., Brüggemann, N., et al. (2009) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-6-1027-2009 · Cited by 185
Climate variability and forest fires in central and south‐central Chile
Urrutia‐Jalabert, R., González, M. E., González‐Reyes, Á., Lara, A., & Garreaud, R. (2018) · Ecosphere · doi:10.1002/ecs2.2171 · Cited by 190
Emergent relationships with respect to burned area in global satellite observations and fire-enabled vegetation models
Forkel, M., Andela, N., Harrison, S. P., Lasslop, G., van Marle, M., Chuvieco, E., Dorigo, W., Forrest, M., Hantson, S., Heil, A., et al. (2019) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-16-57-2019 · Cited by 184
“These dependencies represent the emergent relationships of burned area to drivers in the observation-or model-variable space.”
A century of climate and ecosystem change in Western Montana: what do temperature trends portend?
Pederson, G. T., Graumlich, L. J., Fagre, D. B., Kipfer, T., & Muhlfeld, C. C. (2009) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-009-9642-y · Cited by 180
Competing consumers: contrasting the patterns and impacts of fire and mammalian herbivory in Africa
Archibald, S. A., & Hempson, G. P. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0309 · Cited by 188
Seasonality of vegetation fires as modified by human action: observing the deviation from eco‐climatic fire regimes
Le Page, Y., Oom, D., Silva, J. M. N., Jönsson, P., & Pereira, J. M. C. (2010) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00525.x · Cited by 177
Climate change, fire management, and ecological services in the southwestern US
Hurteau, M. D., Bradford, J. B., Fulé, P. Z., Taylor, A. H., & Martin, K. L. (2013) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2013.08.007 · Cited by 183
Ecological impacts of the l ate Q uaternary megaherbivore extinctions
Gill, J. L. (2013) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.12576 · Cited by 175
Recent Advances and Remaining Uncertainties in Resolving Past and Future Climate Effects on Global Fire Activity
Williams, A. P., & Abatzoglou, J. T. (2016) · Current Climate Change Reports · doi:10.1007/s40641-016-0031-0 · Cited by 173
A revised evolutionary history of Poales: origins and diversification
Bouchenak‐Khelladi, Y., Muasya, A. M., & Linder, H. P. (2014) · Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1111/boj.12160 · Cited by 173
Contributions of woody and herbaceous vegetation to tropical savanna ecosystem productivity: a quasi-global estimate
Lloyd, J., Bird, M. I., Vellen, L., Miranda, A. C., VEENENDAAL, E. M., Djagbletey, G., Miranda, H. S., Cook, G. D., & Farquhar, G. D. (2008) · Tree Physiology · doi:10.1093/treephys/28.3.451 · Cited by 173
Cretaceous wildfires and their impact on the Earth system
Brown, S. A. E., Scott, A. C., Glasspool, I. J., & Collinson, M. E. (2012) · Cretaceous Research · doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2012.02.008 · Cited by 171
The lanky and the corky: fire‐escape strategies in savanna woody species
Dantas, V. D. L., & Pausas, J. G. (2013) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2745.12118 · Cited by 171
Fire Reduces Fungal Species Richness and In Situ Mycorrhizal Colonization: A Meta-Analysis
Dove, N. C., & Hart, S. C. (2017) · Fire Ecology · doi:10.4996/fireecology.130237746 · Cited by 171
The antiquity of Madagascar’s grasslands and the rise of C4 grassy biomes
Bond, W. J., Silander, J. A., Ranaivonasy, J., & Ratsirarson, J. (2008) · Journal of Biogeography · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01923.x · Cited by 168
Self-citation
Influence of Fire on the Carbon Cycle and Climate
Lasslop, G., Coppola, A. I., Voulgarakis, A., Yue, C., & Veraverbeke, S. (2019) · Current Climate Change Reports · doi:10.1007/s40641-019-00128-9 · Cited by 174
Ecological Forestry in the Southeast: Understanding the Ecology of Fuels
Mitchell, R. J., Hiers, J. K., O’Brien, J. J., & Starr, G. (2009) · Journal of Forestry · doi:10.1093/jof/107.8.391 · Cited by 164
Review: Prospects and limitations of prescribed burning as a management tool in European grasslands
Valkó, O., Török, P., Déak, B., & Tóthmérész, B. (2013) · Basic and Applied Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.baae.2013.11.002 · Cited by 163
Forests and society - responding to global drivers of change
Mery, G., Katila, P., Galloway, G. E., Alfaro, R. I., Kanninen, M., Lobovikov, M., & Varjo, J. (2010) · CGSPace A Repository of Agricultural Research Outputs (Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research) · Cited by 162
Burned area detection and mapping using Sentinel-1 backscatter coefficient and thermal anomalies
Belenguer-Plomer, M. A., Tanase, M. A., Fernández-Carrillo, Á., & Chuvieco, E. (2019) · Remote Sensing of Environment · doi:10.1016/j.rse.2019.111345 · Cited by 168
Integration of ecological and socio‐economic factors to assess global vulnerability to wildfire
Chuvieco, E., Martínez, S., Román, M. V., Hantson, S., & Pettinari, M. L. (2013) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1111/geb.12095 · Cited by 170
The consequences of replacing wildlife with livestock in Africa
Hempson, G. P., Archibald, S. A., & Bond, W. J. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-17348-4 · Cited by 166
Self-citation
Fire and Plant Diversification in Mediterranean-Climate Regions
Rundel, P. W., Arroyo, M. T. K., Cowling, R. M., Keeley, J. E., Lamont, B. B., Pausas, J. G., & Vargas, P. (2018) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.00851 · Cited by 159
Vegetation, topography and daily weather influenced burn severity in central Idaho and western Montana forests
Birch, D. S., Morgan, P., Kolden, C. A., Abatzoglou, J. T., Dillon, G. K., Hudak, A. T., & Smith, A. M. S. (2015) · Ecosphere · doi:10.1890/es14-00213.1 · Cited by 155
The effect of climate type on timescales of drought propagation in an ensemble of global hydrological models
Gevaert, A. I., Veldkamp, T., & Ward, P. J. (2018) · Hydrology and earth system sciences · doi:10.5194/hess-22-4649-2018 · Cited by 156
Global ecosystems and fire: Multi‐model assessment of fire‐induced tree‐cover and carbon storage reduction
Lasslop, G., Hantson, S., Harrison, S. P., Bachelet, D., Burton, C., Forkel, M., Forrest, M., Li, F., Melton, J. R., Yue, C., et al. (2020) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.15160 · Cited by 154
Fire regimes during the Last Glacial
Daniau, A., Harrison, S. P., & Bartlein, P. J. (2009) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.11.008 · Cited by 157
Firescape ecology: how topography determines the contrasting distribution of fire and rain forest in the south-west of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area
Wood, S. W., Murphy, B. P., & Bowman, D. M. J. S. (2011) · Journal of Biogeography · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02524.x · Cited by 152
The impact of fire on the Late Paleozoic Earth system
Glasspool, I. J., Scott, A. C., Waltham, D. A., Пронина, Н. В., & Shao, L. (2015) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2015.00756 · Cited by 153
The Nebulous Ecology of Native Invasions
Nackley, L. L., West, A. G., Skowno, A. L., & Bond, W. J. (2017) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2017.08.003 · Cited by 158
Self-citation
Wildfire risk for global wildland–urban interface areas
Чэн, Б., Wu, S., Jin, Y., Song, Y., Wu, C., Venevsky, S., Xu, B., Webster, C. J., & Gong, P. (2024) · Nature Sustainability · doi:10.1038/s41893-024-01291-0 · Cited by 164
Rangeland Ecology in a Changing World
Gillson, L., & Hoffman, M. T. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1136577 · Cited by 149
Spatial patterns of the NDVI–rainfall relationship at the seasonal and interannual time scales in an African savanna
Chamaillé‐Jammes, S., Fritz, H., & Murindagomo, F. (2006) · International Journal of Remote Sensing · doi:10.1080/01431160600702392 · Cited by 149
The evolutionary history and biogeography of Mimosoideae (Leguminosae): An emphasis on African acacias
Bouchenak‐Khelladi, Y., Maurin, O., Hurter, J., & van der Bank, M. (2010) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.019 · Cited by 146
Woody encroachment and forest degradation in sub-Saharan Africa's woodlands and savannas 1982–2006
Mitchard, E. T. A., & Flintrop, C. M. (2013) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0406 · Cited by 146
Assessing changes in global fire regimes
Sayedi, S. S., Abbott, B. W., Vannière, B., Leys, B. A., Colombaroli, D., Gil‐Romera, G., Słowiński, M., Aleman, J. C., Blarquez, O., Feurdean, A., et al. (2024) · Fire Ecology · doi:10.1186/s42408-023-00237-9 · Cited by 161
The footprint of Alaskan tundra fires during the past half-century: implications for surface properties and radiative forcing
Rocha, A. V., Loranty, M. M., Higuera, P. E., Mack, M. C., Hu, F. S., Jones, B. M., Breen, A. L., Rastetter, E. B., Goetz, S. J., & Shaver, G. (2012) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/044039 · Cited by 153
Representation of fire, land-use change and vegetation dynamics in the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator vn4.9 (JULES)
Burton, C., Betts, R., Cardoso, M., Feldpausch, T. R., Harper, A., JONES, C. D., Kelley, D. I., Robertson, E., & Wiltshire, A. (2019) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-12-179-2019 · Cited by 147
Alien plant invasions in tropical and sub-tropical savannas: patterns, processes and prospects
Foxcroft, L. C., Richardson, D. M., Rejmánek, M., & Pyšek, P. (2010) · Biological Invasions · doi:10.1007/s10530-010-9823-7 · Cited by 144
Human and biophysical influences on fire occurrence in the United States
Hawbaker, T. J., Radeloff, V. C., Stewart, S. I., Hammer, R. B., Keuler, N. S., & Clayton, M. K. (2013) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1890/12-1816.1 · Cited by 143
Pyrogeography and the Global Quest for Sustainable Fire Management
Bowman, D. M. J. S., O'Brien, J. A., & Goldammer, J. G. (2013) · Annual Review of Environment and Resources · doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-082212-134049 · Cited by 152
Determinants of woody encroachment and cover in African savannas
Devine, A. P., McDonald, R. A., Quaife, T. L., & Maclean, I. M. D. (2017) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/s00442-017-3807-6 · Cited by 143
Biomes and bioregions of Southern Africa
Rutherford, M. C., Mucina, L., & Powrie, L. W. (2006) · Murdoch University Research Portal · Cited by 143
Shifts in Köppen-Geiger climate zones over southern Africa in relation to key global temperature goals
Engelbrecht, C. J., & Engelbrecht, F. A. (2015) · Theoretical and Applied Climatology · doi:10.1007/s00704-014-1354-1 · Cited by 142
Woody encroachment and its consequences on hydrological processes in the savannah
Honda, E. A., & Durigan, G. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0313 · Cited by 153
Steal the light: shade vs fire adapted vegetation in forest–savanna mosaics
Charles‐Dominique, T., Midgley, G. F., Tomlinson, K. W., & Bond, W. J. (2018) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.15117 · Cited by 142
Self-citation
The sedimentary and remote‐sensing reflection of biomass burning in Europe
Adolf, C., Wunderle, S., Colombaroli, D., Weber, H., Gobet, E., Heiri, O., van Leeuwen, J. F. N., Bigler, C., Connor, S., Gałka, M., et al. (2017) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1111/geb.12682 · Cited by 147
The Neogene transition from C 3 to C 4 grasslands in North America: assemblage analysis of fossil phytoliths
Strömberg, C. A. E., & McInerney, F. A. (2010) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1666/09067.1 · Cited by 140
Landscape-scale effects of fire severity on mixed-conifer and red fir forest structure in Yosemite National Park
Kane, V. R., Lutz, J. A., Roberts, S. L., Smith, D. F., McGaughey, R. J., Povak, N. A., & Brooks, M. L. (2012) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.044 · Cited by 142
Modelling the role of fires in the terrestrial carbon balance by incorporating SPITFIRE into the global vegetation model ORCHIDEE – Part 1: simulating historical global burned area and fire regimes
Yue, C., Ciais, P., Cadule, P., Thonicke, K., Archibald, S. A., Poulter, B., Hao, W. M., Hantson, S., Mouillot, F., Friedlingstein, P., et al. (2014) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-7-2747-2014 · Cited by 147
Integrating Theoretical Climate and Fire Effects on Savanna and Forest Systems
Staver, A. C., & Levin, S. A. (2012) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/666648 · Cited by 139
Fire severity shapes plant colonization effects on bacterial community structure, microbial biomass, and soil enzyme activity in secondary succession of a burned forest
Knelman, J. E., Graham, E. B., Trahan, N. A., Schmidt, S. K., & Nemergut, D. R. (2015) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.004 · Cited by 138
Savanna burning and the assessment of long-term fire experiments with particular reference to Zimbabwe
Furley, P. A., Rees, R. M., Ryan, C. M., & Saiz, G. (2008) · Progress in Physical Geography Earth and Environment · doi:10.1177/0309133308101383 · Cited by 142

Authors: Bond, W. J., Woodward, F. I., & Midgley, G. F.
Affiliations: University of Cape Town (ZA)
University of Sheffield (GB)
Conservation International (US)
ORCID: Bond, W. J.
Midgley, G. F.
Venue: New Phytologist
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2004-11-12
Volume: 165
Issue: 2
Pages: 525-538
ISSN: 0028-646X (ISSN-L)
1469-8137
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01252.x
OpenAlex: W2110659496
Cited by: 1,942
References: 118
Citations by year: 2026: 58 · 2025: 94 · 2024: 82 · 2023: 101 · 2022: 107 · 2021: 121 · 2020: 92 · 2019: 115 · 2018: 114 · 2017: 112 · 2016: 112 · 2015: 119 · 2014: 110 · 2013: 118 · 2012: 95
FWCI: 32.34
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: New Phytologist (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
National Research Foundation
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Fire effects on ecosystems
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
Keywords: fire, fire suppression, dynamic global vegetation models, tree cover, C4 grasslands, savanna, forest expansion, fire tolerance
MeSH terms: Biological Evolution, Fires, Models, Biological, Population Dynamics, Ecosystem, Plant Physiological Phenomena, Biomass

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The global distribution of ecosystems in a world without fire

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks