Real-Time Data Collection for Pain: Appraisal and Current Status
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Real-time data capture (RTDC) techniques have rapidly developed with the advent of computer and information technology. We plan to discuss the use of RTDC in the assessment of pain, including issues pertaining to its rationale, sampling protocols, and our opinion on the current status of the methodology. DESIGN: This is "thought" piece involving no systematic data collection methods. RESULTS: We described the rationale for using RTDC, including issues in recall bias, the desire for detailed information about pain, and the ability to examine within-person associations between pain and other variables. The mechanics of RTDC implementations were discussed with a focus on sampling protocols and data collection methods. The final section concerned the status of RTDC. Current acceptance of RTDC is evaluated and three issues in the science of RTDC were discussed: the interpretation of differences between recall and the average of momentary assessments for the same period; if RTDC is advancing our understanding of pain; and, the issue of what consumers of pain assessments actually desire. RTDC extensions to feedback based on momentary assessments are also discussed. CONCLUSION: Real-time data collection can be a useful methodology for improving our understanding of pain and especially of its dynamic nature in real-world settings.
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Desktop- or laptop-based monitoring of panic disorder symptoms via daily or weekly electronic diaries is likely biased by memory effects because clients complete these diaries retrospectively rather than in real-time.
“when desktop PCs or laptops are used to monitor symptoms of PD to identify factors that cue panic attacks and avoidance, clients typically use daily or weekly electronic diary entries, which are likely biased by memory effects because clients must complete these diaries retrospectively and not in real-time [22–28].”
From Efficacy of a hybrid online training for panic symptoms and agoraphobia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. (2014) · cites this paper as [24]
In “Why Should You Consider Using RTDC in Your Research or Practice?” (page unavailable), the paper warns that retrospective symptom reports can be distorted by memory and urges caution with end-of-day diaries. It does not establish that people with panic disorder typically use daily or weekly desktop- or laptop-based diaries, or that those diaries must be completed retrospectively. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Stone, A. A., & Broderick, J. E.
- Affiliations
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Venue
- Pain Medicine
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2007-10
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- suppl 3
- Pages
- S85-S93
- ISSN
- 1526-2375 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-4637
- OpenAlex
- W2011693047
- Cited by
- 140
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 5.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pain Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (AR052170-01, U01AR052170)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Opioid Use
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Keywords
- real-time data acquisition, pain assessment, momentary assessment, recall bias, sampling protocols, within-person associations
- MeSH terms
- Data Collection, Humans, Medical Records, Memory, Pain, Pain Measurement, Surveys and Questionnaires, Mental Recall, Time
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