Evidence for an interaction between age at first drink and genetic influences on DSM-IV alcohol dependence symptoms
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Research suggests that individuals who start drinking at an early age are more likely to subsequently develop alcohol dependence. Twin studies have demonstrated that the liability to age at first drink and to alcohol dependence are influenced by common genetic and environmental factors, however, age at first drink may also environmentally mediate increased risk for alcohol dependence. In this study, we examine whether age at first drink moderates genetic and environmental influences, via gene x environment interactions, on DSM-IV alcohol dependence symptoms. METHODS: Using data on 6,257 adult monozygotic and dizygotic male and female twins from Australia, we examined the extent to which age at first drink (i) increased mean alcohol dependence symptoms and (ii) whether the magnitude of additive genetic, shared, and nonshared environmental influences on alcohol dependence symptoms varied as a function of decreasing age. Twin models were fitted in Mx. RESULTS: Risk for alcohol dependence symptoms increased with decreasing age at first drink. Heritable influences on alcohol dependence symptoms were considerably larger in those who reported an age at first drink prior to 13 years of age. In those with later onset of alcohol use, variance in alcohol dependence was largely attributable to nonshared environmental variance (and measurement error). This evidence for unmeasured gene x measured environment interaction persisted even when controlling for the genetic influences that overlapped between age at first drink and alcohol dependence symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Early age at first drink may facilitate the expression of genes associated with vulnerability to alcohol dependence symptoms. This is important to consider, not only from a public health standpoint, but also in future genomic studies of alcohol dependence.
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Earlier age of onset is robustly associated with greater risk of later alcohol and drug problems.
“There is a robust association between age of onset and risk for subsequent alcohol and drug problems”
From Addiction, adolescence, and the integration of control and motivation (2011) · cites this paper as Agrawal et al., 2009
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Addiction, adolescence, and the integration of control and motivation
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- Authors
- Agrawal, A., Sartor, C. E., Lynskey, M. T., Grant, J. D., Pergadia, M. L., Grucza, R., Bucholz, K. K., Nelson, E. C., Madden, P. A. F., Martin, N. G., & Heath, A. C.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-11-19
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2047-2056
- ISSN
- 0145-6008 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-0277
- PMC
- PMC2883563
- OpenAlex
- W2122394002
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 5.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- ABMRF/The Foundation for Alcohol Research
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA11998, F32AA013221, R37AA007728, R01AA013321, AA13221, P50AA011998, P60AA011998, R01AA007728, AA-07728)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA018660, DA018660)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- age at first drink, alcoholism, gene-environment interaction, heritability, nonshared environment, shared environment, monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins, alcohol dependence symptoms, alcohol use onset, genetic susceptibility
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Alcoholism, Australia, Female, Humans, Individuality, Male, Models, Genetic, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risk Factors, Social Environment, Survival Analysis, Age of Onset, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Young Adult
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