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Cited by 987MicroRNA in disease regulationCancer-related molecular mechanisms researchPlant Molecular Biology Research

miR‐21: a small multi‐faceted RNA

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Krichevsky, Anna M., Gabriely, Galina·2009·Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
DOI 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00556.xPMC PMC3823035
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Abstract

miR‐21 expression in cancer and other diseases Mechanisms of miR‐21 elevation in cancer: multi‐level regulatory control Transcriptional control Post‐trancriptional regulation miR‐21 functions in cancer Identification of direct miR‐21 targets miR‐21 in gliomas: targeting cell cycle, apoptosis and invasion miR‐21 networking and feedback regulation miR‐21 as a diagnostic and prognostic marker Potential therapeutic target Acknowledgements More than 1000 microRNAs (miRNAs) are expressed in human cells, some tissue or cell type specific, others considered as house‐keeping molecules. Functions and direct mRNA targets for some miRNAs have been relatively well studied over the last years. Every miRNA potentially regulates the expression of numerous protein‐coding genes (tens to hundreds), but it has become increasingly clear that not all miRNAs are equally important; diverse high‐throughput screenings of various systems have identified a limited number of key functional miRNAs over and over again. Particular miRNAs emerge as principal regulators that control major cell functions in various physiological and pathophysiological settings. Since its identification 3 years ago as the miRNA most commonly and strongly up‐regulated in human brain tumour glioblastoma [1], miR‐21 has attracted the attention of researchers in various fields, such as development, oncology, stem cell biology and aging, becoming one of the most studied miRNAs, along with let‐7, miR‐17–92 cluster (‘oncomir‐1’), miR‐155 and a few others. However, an miR‐21 knockout mouse has not yet been generated, and the data about miR‐21 functions in normal cells are still very limited. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge of miR‐21 functions in human disease, with an emphasis on its regulation, oncogenic role, targets in human cancers, potential as a disease biomarker and novel therapeutic target in oncology.

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  • miR-21 is widely expressed in mammalian cells, is located on chromosome 17q23.2 in humans, and its upregulation is associated with various types of solid tumors.

    “miR-21 is a widespread expression of miRNA in mammalian cells located on chromosome 17q23.2 in humans, whose upregulation is associated with various types of solid tumors29–31.”

    From Long non-coding RNA MEG3 functions as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate ischemic neuronal death by targeting miR-21/PDCD4 signaling pathway (2017) · cites this paper as [31]

    The section on mechanisms of miR-21 elevation maps the human gene to chromosome 17q23.2, and the section on expression in cancer reports upregulation across several types of solid tumour. The paper says miR-21 is conserved in mammals, but the passages do not establish that it is widely expressed in mammalian cells; conservation is not the same as widespread expression. (LLM, conf=0.83)

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Authors
Krichevsky, A. M., & Gabriely, G.
Affiliations
Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author
Krichevsky, Anna M.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2009-01
Volume
13
Issue
1
Pages
39-53
ISSN
  • 1582-1838 (ISSN-L)
  • 1582-4934
DOI
10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00556.x
PMC
PMC3823035
OpenAlex
W1999360191
Cited by
987
References
14
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FWCI
4.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
National Cancer Institute
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › MicroRNA in disease regulation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
Keywords
miR-21, microRNA, glioblastoma, glioma, cancer, microRNA regulation, transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional regulation, miRNA target genes, cell cycle, apoptosis, tumor invasion, feedback regulation, biomarkers, therapeutic target, oncogenic microRNA
MeSH terms
Animals, Base Sequence, Cell Cycle, Disease, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Neoplasms, RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional, Transcription, Genetic, Biomarkers, Tumor, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Apoptosis, MicroRNAs

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