The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
IS EMOTIONAL LABOR MORE DIFFICULT FOR SOME THAN FOR OTHERS? A MULTILEVEL, EXPERIENCE‐SAMPLING STUDY
Abstract
In response to 2 areas for development in the emotional labor literature—(a) the contemporaneous associations between emotional labor and affective reactions, and (b) whether emotional labor might be more personally costly for some employees than others—this study tested a conceptual model explaining the differential effects of deep and surface acting on job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion via their asymmetrical influences on mood, and whether extraverts fare better when engaging in emotional labor. As expected, surface acting was positively associated with negative mood, and this explained some of the association of surface acting with increased emotional exhaustion and decreased job satisfaction. Contrary to hypotheses, deep acting was unrelated to job satisfaction and was associated with lower positive affect. Extraversion moderated several emotional labor relationships such that, in general, surface and deep acting had more positive (or less negative) effects for extraverts (compared to introverts). Overall, the results support the importance of considering the roles of mood and disposition in the impact of emotional labor.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 · Cited by 32,433
The emerging field of emotion regulation: an integrative review
Gross, J. J. (1998) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271 · Cited by 9,916
A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains
Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann, W. B. (2003) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/s0092-6566(03)00046-1 · Cited by 8,307
Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state.
Schachter, S., & Singer, J. (1962) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0046234 · Cited by 6,223
Emotion regulation: affective, cognitive, and social consequences.
Gross, J. J. (2002) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1017/s0048577201393198 · Cited by 4,890 · cited 1×
“In light of evidence that emotion regulation affects emotional experience (see Gross, 2002), it seems likely that mood is not only an outcome of emotional labor but also an important mechanism explaining its link to well-being.”
BackgroundJohn, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2004) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00298.x · Cited by 2,381
Hiding feelings: The acute effects of inhibiting negative and positive emotion
Gross, J. J., & Levenson, R. W. (1997) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.106.1.95 · Cited by 1,834
Extraversion and Its Positive Emotional Core
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1997) · Handbook of Personality Psychology · doi:10.1016/b978-012134645-4/50030-5 · Cited by 1,081
Personality and susceptibility to positive and negative emotional states.
Larsen, R. J., & Ketelaar, T. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.61.1.132 · Cited by 1,062 · cited 4×
“Nevertheless, extraverts are more reactive to positive stimuli ( Larsen & Ketelaar, 1989, 1991 ), so even weak smiles from customers might be encouraging.”
BackgroundInfluentialCross cultural evidence for the fundamental features of extraversion
Lucas, R. E., Diener, E., Grob, A., Suh, E. M., & Shao, L. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.3.452 · Cited by 713
Cited by
Hülsheger, U. R., Alberts, H. J. E. M., Feinholdt, A., & Lang, J. W. B. (2013) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0031313 · Cited by 1,433
Emotional Labor at a Crossroads: Where Do We Go from Here?
Grandey, A. A., & Gabriel, A. S. (2015) · Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032414-111400 · Cited by 664
The state of the heart: Emotional labor as emotion regulation reviewed and revised.
Grandey, A. A., & Melloy, R. C. (2017) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/ocp0000067 · Cited by 474
Beal, D. J. (2015) · Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032414-111335 · Cited by 436
Pugh, S. D., Groth, M., & Hennig-Thurau, T. (2011) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0021395 · Cited by 350
Relationships between emotional labor, job performance, and turnover
Goodwin, R. E., Groth, M., & Frenkel, S. J. (2011) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2011.03.001 · Cited by 258
Grandey, A. A., Chi, N., & Diamond, J. A. (2013) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/peps.12037 · Cited by 136
Emotional labour in service work: Psychological flexibility and emotion regulation
Biron, M., & van Veldhoven, M. (2012) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/0018726712447832 · Cited by 127
Affectivity, Emotional Labor, Emotional Exhaustion, and Emotional Intelligence in Coaching
Lee, Y. H., & Chelladurai, P. (2016) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2015.1092481 · Cited by 107
Krannitz, M. A., Grandey, A. A., Liu, S., & Almeida, D. A. (2015) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0038763 · Cited by 81
Rouxel, G., Michinov, E., & Dodeler, V. (2016) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.07.010 · Cited by 67
An Ethical Analysis of Emotional Labor
Barry, B., Olekalns, M., & Rees, L. (2019) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-018-3906-2 · Cited by 46
Metadata
- Authors
- JUDGE, T. A., WOOLF, E. F., & HURST, C.
- Venue
- Personnel Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-02-04
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 57-88
- ISSN
- 0031-5826 (ISSN-L)
- 1744-6570
- OpenAlex
- W2107674768
- Cited by
- 466
- References
- 12
- FWCI
- 82.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
