Role of inflammation in cognitive impairment: results of observational epidemiological studies and clinical trials
Open accessAbstract
Inflammation may be an important mechanism underlying dementia and cognitive decline in the elderly. Inflammation has been implicated in the neuropathological cascade leading to the development of Alzheimer's disease and other common forms of dementia in later life. These observations have led to observational epidemiological study to define the association of systemic and brain inflammatory markers on cognitive impairment and dementia. Furthermore, clinical trials have been carried out to better elucidate the possible role of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the prevention or slowing of progression of Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss the observational epidemiological and clinical trial evidence of the role of inflammation on the occurrence and prevention of dementia or cognitive decline. NSAIDs hold promise to prevent dementia if given in an appropriate time window during the induction phase of dementia and to subjects with apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 alleles. Also, immunotherapy may prove beneficial.
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Inflammageing is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
“Inflammageing is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and clinical trials suggest that this association is causal.”
From Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
Inflammageing is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, depression, dementia, and sarcopenia.
“Inflammageing is also a risk factor for chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, depression, dementia, and sarcopenia, but whether modulating inflammation beneficially affects the clinical course of non-CVD health problems is controversial.”
From Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
Epidemiological studies have found inflammageing is a risk factor for CVD, cancer, chronic kidney disease, dementia, depression, multimorbidity, mobility disability, ADL disability, sarcopenia, frailty, and premature death.
“Epidemiological studies have found that inflammageing is a risk factor for CVD, cancer, chronic kidney disease, dementia, and depression as well for global indicators of poor health status, such as multimorbidity, mobility disability and disability in activities of daily living, sarcopenia, frailty, and premature death9–19.”
From Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty (2018) · cites this paper as [12]
Many studies have suggested that inflammation activation is linked to cognitive dysfunction, with a primary role for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α.
“Many studies have implied that inflammation activation is inextricably linked to cognitive dysfunction suggesting a primary role of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α (Beydoun et al., 2019, Gorelick, 2010, McAfoose and Baune, 2009).”
From Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up (2021) · cites this paper as Gorelick, 2010
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Background
- Authors
- Gorelick, P. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gorelick, Philip B.
- ORCID
- Gorelick, Philip B.
- Venue
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-10
- Volume
- 1207
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 155-162
- ISSN
- 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-6632
- OpenAlex
- W2106116591
- Cited by
- 361
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 2.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- inflammation, cognitive impairment, dementia, cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, APOE ε4, immunotherapy, inflammatory markers, dementia prevention
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Clinical Trials as Topic, Cognition Disorders, Dementia, Humans, Immunotherapy, Inflammation, Biomarkers, Epidemiologic Studies, Inflammation Mediators, Metabolic Syndrome
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