Cell-Mediated Immunity as a Predictor of Morbidity and Mortality in Subjects Over 60
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested an association between depressed cell-mediated immunity and increased mortality in elderly persons. However, the effects of age and existing disease on this association have not been adequately addressed. We studied the association between cell-mediated immunity and subsequent morbidity and mortality in 273 initially healthy persons 60 years of age and older. In 1979, two tests of cell-mediated immunity were conducted--mitogen stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin, and delayed hypersensitivity skin testing. The study group was followed annually for development of pneumonia, cancer, and death. Anergy was associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio of 2.16; 95% confidence interval [1.10,4.28]). When the results were adjusted for age, the resulting hazard ratio was 1.89;[0.94,3.79]. A relationship was also suggested between anergy and cancer mortality although this association was not statistically significant. Response to phytohaemagglutinin was a poorer predictor of mortality than was response to delayed hypersensitivity skin testing. The results show that anergy may be a good indicator of subsequent all-cause mortality, and perhaps cancer mortality, in elderly who lack other indicators of poor health.
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Early studies indicated that the magnitude of T cell proliferative responses to mitogens in vitro is positively associated with survival in the elderly.
“Early studies indicated that the magnitude of T cell proliferative responses to mitogens in vitro is positively associated with survival in the elderly (Roberts-Thomson et al. 1974; Wayne et al. 1990).”
From Is immunosenescence influenced by our lifetime “dose” of exercise? (2016) · cites this paper as Wayne et al. 1990
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Keylock, K. T., Lowder, T., Leifheit, K. A., Cook, M. D., Mariani, R., Ross, K. M., Kim, K., Chapman‐Novakofski, K., McAuley, E., & Woods, J. A. (2006) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00790.2006 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“DTH skin testing has been used to assess global CMI (47), and anergy (e.”
BackgroundMethodPerspective: Should Vitamin E Recommendations for Older Adults Be Increased?
Meydani, S. N., Lewis, E. D., & Wu, D. (2018) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmy035 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Burns, E. A., & Leventhal, E. A. (2000) · Cancer Control · doi:10.1177/107327480000700603 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Vitamin C and vitamin C plus E improve the immune function in the elderly
De la Fuente, M., Sánchez, C., Vallejo, C., Díaz-Del Cerro, E., Arnalich, F., & Hernanz, Á. (2020) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2020.111118 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Effects of Aging on Immune Function
Stowe, R. P., & Goodwin, J. S. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6999-6_4 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
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Pekmezci, D. (2011) · Vitamins and hormones · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386960-9.00008-3 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“Recent studies also suggest that the status of the immune response could predict mortality in the elderly (RobertsThomson et al., 1974; Wayne et al., 1990) and animals (Nagel et al.,”
BackgroundDecreased Immunity and Increased Morbidity in the Elderly
Goodwin, J. S. (2009) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.1995.tb01515.x · Cited by 67 · see citing works
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CD4 memory T cell levels predict life span in genetically heterogeneous mice
Miller, R. A., Chrisp, C. E., & Gałecki, A. T. (1997) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.11.10.9271362 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Micronutrients in women’s health and immune function
Bendich, A. (2001) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(01)00649-9 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Effect of Acupuncture Treatment on the Immune Function Impairment Found in Anxious Women
Arranz, L., Guayerbas, N., Siboni, L., & la Fuente, M. D. (2007) · The American Journal of Chinese Medicine · doi:10.1142/s0192415x07004606 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“In view of the above, the aim of the present work was to study, in adult anxious women, whether several immune functions, which have been described to be impaired in anxiety (Koh and Lee, 1996) and are good health markers (Wayne et al., 1990), can be restored to the levels of healthy women after an acupuncture treatme…”
BackgroundAlvarado, C., Álvarez, P., Jiménez, L., & la Fuente, M. D. (2006) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2006.03.004 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The glutathione precursor N-acetylcysteine improves immune function in postmenopausal women
Arranz, L., Fernández, C., Rodríguez, A., Ribera, J. M., & la Fuente, M. D. (2008) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.07.014 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
- Authors
- Wayne, S. J., Rhyne, R. L., Garry, P. J., & Goodwin, J. S.
- Affiliations
- University of New Mexico (US)
- ORCID
- Goodwin, J. S.
- Venue
- Journal of Gerontology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1990-03-01
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- M45-M48
- ISSN
- 0022-1422 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1993142368
- Cited by
- 303
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 2.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Gerontology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ag006086-04)
- U.S. Public Health Service
- National Institute on Aging (AG 02049, AG 06086)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR 00997, M01RR000997)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- cell-mediated immunity, anergy, mortality prediction, morbidity, older adults, phytohemagglutinin, mitogen stimulation, pneumonia, cancer mortality, all-cause mortality, aging
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aging, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Delayed, Immunity, Cellular, Lymphocyte Activation, Male, Middle Aged, Mitogens, Morbidity, Mortality, Neoplasms, Phytohemagglutinins, Probability, Skin Tests, Cohort Studies, Survival Rate, Proportional Hazards Models
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