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Struggling to survive: sexual assault, poverty, and mental health outcomes of African American women
Open accessAbstract
A substantial body of research documents the mental health consequences of sexual assault including, but not limited to, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, substance use, and suicidality. Far less attention has been given to the mental health effects of sexual assault for ethnic minority women or women living in poverty. Given African American women's increased risk for sexual assault and increased risk for persistent poverty, the current study explores the relationship between income and mental health effects within a sample of 413 African American sexual assault survivors. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that after controlling for childhood sexual abuse there were positive relationships between poverty and mental health outcomes of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and illicit drug use. There was no significant relationship between poverty and suicidal ideation. Counseling and research implications are discussed.
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“For example, younger age (Ullman et al., 2007), being single (Mgoqi-Mbalo et al., 2017), a lower level of education (Ullman and Filipas, 2001) and lower income (Bryant-Davis et al., 2010) has been associated with an increased risk for the development of PTSD in rape exposed samples”
From Risk and protective factors affecting the symptom trajectory of posttraumatic stress disorder post-rape (2022) · cites this paper as Bryant-Davis et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“Childhood trauma exposure (Ullman et al., 2007;Bryant-Davis et al., 2010;Nishith et al., 2000) and adult cumulative lifetime trauma exposure (Elklit and Christiansen, 2013;Möller et al., 2014;Ullman et al., 2007) has been found to increase the likelihood of PTSD post-rape across several studies.”
From Risk and protective factors affecting the symptom trajectory of posttraumatic stress disorder post-rape (2022) · cites this paper as Bryant-Davis et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“and both covary with PTSD symptom severity postrape (Möller et al., 2014;Mgoqi-Mbalo et al., 2017;Bryant-Davis et al., 2010;Breslau et al., 2000;Resnick et al., 2013;Resnick et al., 2012;Testa et al., 2007;Kaysen et al., 2006;Kilpatrick et al., 2003).”
From Risk and protective factors affecting the symptom trajectory of posttraumatic stress disorder post-rape (2022) · cites this paper as Bryant-Davis et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“Depression, perceived stress and problematic alcohol use are highly comorbid with PTSD and prevalent following rape (Möller et al., 2014;Mgoqi-Mbalo et al., 2017;Bryant-Davis et al., 2010;Breslau et al., 2000;Resnick et al., 2013;Resnick et al., 2012;Testa et al., 2007;Kaysen et al., 2006;Kilpatrick et al., 2003).”
From Risk and protective factors affecting the symptom trajectory of posttraumatic stress disorder post-rape (2022) · cites this paper as Bryant-Davis et al., 2010
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Metadata
- Authors
- Bryant-Davis, T., Ullman, S. E., Tsong, Y., Tillman, S., & Smith, K.
- Affiliations
- Pepperdine University (US)
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Orthopsychiatry
- Published
- 2010-01
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 61-70
- ISSN
- 0002-9432 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-0025
- PMC
- PMC3870142
- OpenAlex
- W2048076952
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 6.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Orthopsychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA13455)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Keywords
- sexual assault, African American women, poverty, mental health outcomes, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, illicit drug use, suicidal ideation, child sexual abuse, income, ethnic minority women
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Black or African American, Child Abuse, Sexual, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Poverty, Rape, Regression Analysis, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Suicide, United States, Logistic Models, Survivors, Substance-Related Disorders, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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