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Atmospheric carbon dioxide variations at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii
Abstract
The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii is reported for eight years (1964-1971) of a long term program to document the effects of the combustion of coal, petroleum, and natural gas on the distribution of CO, in the atmosphere. The new data, when combined with earlier data, indicate that the annual average CO, concentration rose 3.4 '% between 1959 and 1971. The rate of rise, however, has not been steady. In the mid-1960's it declined. Recently it has accelerated. Similar changes in rate have been observed at the South Pole and are evidently a global phenomenon.
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Tropical extreme droughts drive long-term increase in atmospheric CO2 growth rate variability
Luo, X., & Keenan, T. F. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28824-5 · Cited by 58
Paris Climate Agreement: Beacon of Hope
Salawitch, R. J., Canty, T. P., Hope, A. P., Tribett, W. R., & Bennett, B. F. (2017) · Springer climate · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46939-3 · Cited by 57
Is tree planting an effective strategy for climate change mitigation?
Kirschbaum, M. U. F., Cowie, A. L., Peñuelas, J., Smith, P., Conant, R. T., Sage, R. F., Brandão, M., Cotrufo, M. F., Luo, Y., Way, D. A., et al. (2024) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168479 · Cited by 53
“Thus, The CO 2 observations are from Mauna Loa (Keeling et al., 1976, with recent updates downloaded from https://gml.noaa.gov/webdata/ccgg/trends/co2/co2_mm _mlo.txt).”
BackgroundFreyer, H. D. (1979) · Tellus · doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1979.tb00889.x · Cited by 51
Hydrological effects of changes in levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide
Wolock, D. M., & Hornberger, G. M. (1991) · Journal of Forecasting · doi:10.1002/for.3980100107 · Cited by 51
Tracing fossil fuel CO2 using Δ14C in Xi'an City, China
Zhou, W., Wu, S., Huo, W., Xiong, X., Cheng, P., Lu, X., & Niu, Z. (2014) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.05.058 · Cited by 49
Andrews, T. (2013) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli-d-13-00336.1 · Cited by 51
“Using annual-mean CO2 measurements from the Mauna Loa Observatory (Keeling et al. 1976) with a logarithmic formula for CO2 radiative forcing (Myhre et al. 1998) gives a similar decadal trend (;0.24Wm22 decade21 from 1979 to 2008) to that simulated, relative to the preindustrial CO2 level of 286 ppmv that the model use…”
MethodFALSIFICATION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC CO 2GREENHOUSE EFFECTS WITHIN THE FRAME OF PHYSICS
GERLICH, G., & TSCHEUSCHNER, R. D. (2009) · International Journal of Modern Physics B · doi:10.1142/s021797920904984x · Cited by 49
The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide at ocean weather station P from 1969 to 1981
Keeling, C. D., Whorf, T., Wong, C., & Bellagay, R. D. (1985) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/jd090id06p10511 · Cited by 46
Self-citationClimate Model Simulations of CO2-Induced Climatic Change
Schlesinger, M. E. (1984) · Advances in geophysics · doi:10.1016/s0065-2687(08)60245-9 · Cited by 49
A Relative Sea Surface Temperature Index for Classifying ENSO Events in a Changing Climate
L’Heureux, M. L., Tippett, M. K., Wheeler, M. C., Nguyen, H., Narsey, S., Johnson, N. C., Hu, Z., Watkins, A., Lucas, C., Ganter, C., et al. (2023) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli-d-23-0406.1 · Cited by 48
High Quality Measurements of the Concentration of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
Tanaka, M., Nakazawa, T., & Aoki, S. (1983) · Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan Ser II · doi:10.2151/jmsj1965.61.4_678 · Cited by 48
Temporal characteristics of atmospheric CO2 in urban Nanjing, China
Huang, X., Wang, T., Talbot, R. W., Xie, M., Mao, H., Li, S., Zhuang, B., Yang, X., Fu, C., Zhu, J., et al. (2014) · Atmospheric Research · doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.09.007 · Cited by 47
Earth 2020: Science, society, and sustainability in the Anthropocene
Tortell, P. D. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2001919117 · Cited by 56
The determination of tropospheric nitrous oxide
Weiss, R. F., Keeling, C. D., & Craig, H. (1981) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/jc086ic08p07197 · Cited by 47
Self-citationLevine, N. M., Doney, S. C., Wanninkhof, R. H., Lindsay, K., & FUNG, I. Y. (2008) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2007jc004153 · Cited by 48
“The resulting increase of atmospheric CO2 over the past several centuries has been well documented from high-resolution ice cores [e.g., Etheridge et al., 1996] and, starting in 1957, direct measurements [e.g., Keeling et al., 1976; Keeling and Whorf, 1994].”
BackgroundCharacteristics of atmospheric CO2 and CH4 at the Shangdianzi regional background station in China
Fang, S., Tans, P. P., Dong, F., Zhou, H., & Luan, T. (2016) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.01.044 · Cited by 46
Kim, H. (2000) · International geophysics/International geophysics series · doi:10.1016/s0074-6142(00)80117-5 · Cited by 33
Metadata
- Authors
- Keeling, C. D., Bacastow, R. B., Bainbridge, A. E., Ekdahl, C. A., Guenther, P. R., Waterman, L. S., & Chin, J. F. S.
- Venue
- Tellus
- Publisher
- Stockholm University Press
- Published
- 1976-12
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 538-551
- ISSN
- 0040-2826 (ISSN-L)
- 2153-3490
- OpenAlex
- W2162066053
- Cited by
- 794
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 38.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Tellus (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate Change and Environmental Impact
- Keywords
- atmospheric CO2, Mauna Loa Observatory, fossil fuel combustion, anthropogenic CO2 emissions, CO2 concentration increase
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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