Protective role of mindfulness, self‐compassion and psychological flexibility on the burnout subtypes among psychology and nursing undergraduate students
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Aims: To explore the relationship between mindfulness, self‐compassion and psychological flexibility, and the burnout subtypes in university students of the Psychology and Nursing degrees, and to analyse possible risk factors for developing burnout among socio‐demographic and studies‐related characteristics. Design: Cross‐sectional study conducted on a sample of 644 undergraduate students of Nursing and Psychology from two Spanish universities. Methods: The study was conducted between December 2015 and May 2016. Bivariate Pearson's correlations were computed to analyse the association between mindfulness facets, self‐compassion and psychological flexibility, and levels of burnout. Multivariate linear regression models and bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regressions were also computed. Results: The three subtypes of burnout presented significant correlations with psychological flexibility, self‐compassion and some mindfulness facets. Psychological flexibility, self‐compassion and the mindfulness facets of observing and acting with awareness were significantly associated to burnout. Among the risk factors, ‘year of study’ was the only variable to show significantly higher risk for every burnout subtype. Conclusion: The significant associations found between mindfulness, self‐compassion, psychological flexibility and burnout levels underline the need of including these variables as therapeutic targets when addressing the burnout syndrome in university students. Impact. Undergraduate students, especially those of health sciences, often experience burnout. This study delves into the protective role of some psychological variables: mindfulness, self‐compassion and psychological flexibility. These should be considered as potentially protective skills for developing burnout, and therefore, undergraduate students could be trained on these abilities to face their studies and their future profession to prevent experiencing burnout syndrome.
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Psychological distress negatively affects academic performance, clinical competence, patient safety, and quality of care.
“Psychological distress not only undermines mental and physical health but also negatively affects academic performance, clinical competence, patient safety, and the quality of care provided [3, 5–7].”
From Associations of psychological flexibility, mindfulness, and valued living with psychological distress among nursing students (2025) · cites this paper as [6]
EA is a significant predictor of burnout among psychology and nursing undergraduate students.
“In fact, it has been proposed that, for example, EA is a significant predictor of burnout among psychology and nursing undergraduate students [19].”
Previous studies have shown significant relationships between burnout, EA, and self-criticism, as well as significant and negative relationships between burnout and the presence of mindfulness skills in healthcare students and professionals.
“Previous studies have shown significant relationships between burnout, EA, and self-criticism, as well as significant and negative relationships between burnout and the presence of mindfulness skills in healthcare students and professionals [19,22].”
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- Authors
- Martínez‐Rubio, D., Martínez‐Brotons, C., Monreal‐Bartolomé, A., Barceló‐Soler, A., Campos, D., Pérez‐Aranda, A., Colomer‐Carbonell, A., Cervera‐Torres, S., Solé, S., Moreno, Y., & Montero‐Marín, J.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Europea de Valencia (ES)
- Psicoforma Integral Psychology Center Valencia Spain
- Red de Investigación en Actividades Preventivas y Promoción de la Salud (ES)
- Universidad de Zaragoza (ES)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu (ES)
- Adhera Health, Inc. (United States) (US)
- Facultat d'Infermeria i Fisioteràpia Grup GESEC Universitat de Lleida Lleida Spain
- Valencia Catholic University Saint Vincent Martyr (ES)
- Warneford Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Campos, Daniel
- Pérez‐Aranda, Adrián
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Advanced Nursing
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-04-27
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 3398-3411
- ISSN
- 0309-2402 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2648
- OpenAlex
- W3157486470
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 6.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Locations
- Journal of Advanced Nursing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ABACUS. Repositorio de Producción Científica (Universidad Europea) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Repositori ObertUDL (University of Lleida) (submittedVersion)
- RUIdeRA - Institutional University Repository (University of Castilla-La Mancha) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zaguan (University of Zaragoza Repository) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Figshare (cc-by)
- Funders
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FI17/00180, CD20/00181)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Keywords
- burnout, mindfulness, self-compassion, psychological flexibility, burnout subtypes, undergraduate students, nursing students, psychology students, health sciences students, risk factors, protective factors
- MeSH terms
- Burnout, Professional, Cross-Sectional Studies, Empathy, Humans, Students, Nursing, Mindfulness
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