Self-Compassion: Conceptualizations, Correlates, & Interventions

Barnard, Laura K.; Curry, John F.

doi:10.1037/a0025754

Cited by 836Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsPsychological Well-being and Life SatisfactionReligion, Spirituality, and Psychology

Self-Compassion: Conceptualizations, Correlates, & Interventions

Barnard, Laura K., Curry, John F.·2011·Review of General Psychology

DOI 10.1037/a0025754

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Abstract

Within American psychology, there has been a recent surge of interest in self-compassion, a construct from Buddhist thought. Self-compassion entails: (a) being kind and understanding toward oneself in times of pain or failure, (b) perceiving one's own suffering as part of a larger human experience, and (c) holding painful feelings and thoughts in mindful awareness. In this article we review findings from personality, social, and clinical psychology related to self-compassion. First, we define self-compassion and distinguish it from other self-constructs such as self-esteem, self-pity, and self-criticism. Next, we review empirical work on the correlates of self-compassion, demonstrating that self-compassion has consistently been found to be related to well-being. These findings support the call for interventions that can raise self-compassion. We then review the theory and empirical support behind current interventions that could enhance self-compassion including compassionate mind training (CMT), imagery work, the gestalt two-chair technique, mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). Directions for future research are also discussed.

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Dispositional mindfulness and self-compassion have a positive association with wellbeing and a negative association with negative affect, mental health difficulties, and maladaptive cognitive processes such as rumination, worry and thought suppression.
“This is borne out in research showing that dispositional mindfulness and self-compassion have a positive association with wellbeing and a negative association with negative affect (e.g. shame, guilt and anxiety), mental health difficulties (e.g. depression) and maladaptive cognitive processes such as rumination, worry and thought suppression (Barnard and Curry 2011; Keng etal. 2011; MacBeth and G”
From The Association of Trait Mindfulness and Self-compassion with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Symptoms: Results from a Large Survey with Treatment-Seeking Adults (2020) · cites this paper as Barnard and Curry 2011

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Social anxiety and self-compassion in adolescents
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Exploring self-compassion as a refuge against recalling the body-related shaming of caregiver eating messages on dimensions of objectified body consciousness in college women
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Self-Compassion and Parenting in Mothers and Fathers with Depression
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Cognitions as mediators in the relationship between self-compassion and affect
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“Finally, Barnard and Curry (2011) reviewed a variety of studies and concluded that self-compassion is positively related to well-being and happiness and negatively associated with negative affect, depression, and anxiety.”
Background
Shame Memories and Eating Psychopathology: The Buffering Effect of Self‐Compassion
Ferreira, C., Matos, M., Duarte, C., & Pinto‐Gouveia, J. (2014) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2322 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-compassion and depression, anxiety, and resilience in adults with epilepsy
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Relations Among Self-Compassion, PTSD Symptoms, and Psychological Health in a Trauma-Exposed Sample
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Child Maltreatment and Suicide Ideation in Rural China: The Roles of Self-compassion and School Belonging
Zhang, H.-P., Liu, M., & Long, H. (2020) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10560-020-00679-z · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Harnessing centred identity transformation to reduce executive function burden for maintenance of health behaviour change: the Maintain IT model
Caldwell, A. E., Masters, K. S., Peters, J. C., Bryan, A. D., Grigsby, J., Hooker, S. A., Wyatt, H. R., & Hill, J. O. (2018) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2018.1437551 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-compassion and emotional invalidation mediate the effects of parental indifference on psychopathology.
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The Protective Role of Self-Compassion on Risk Factors for Non-suicidal Self-Injury in Adolescence
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Evaluating the Reliability and Validity of the Self-Compassion Scale Short Form Adapted for Children Ages 8–12
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Compassion Focused Therapy to Counteract Shame, Self-Criticism and Isolation. A Replicated Single Case Experimental Study for Individuals With Social Anxiety
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Does Compassion-Focused Therapy Training for Health Care Educators and Providers Increase Self-Compassion and Reduce Self-Persecution and Self-Criticism?
Beaumont, E., Irons, C., Rayner, G., & Dagnall, N. (2016) · Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions · doi:10.1097/ceh.0000000000000023 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Occupational stress and the importance of self-care and resilience: focus on veterinary nursing
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On the Relation Between Mindfulness and Depressive Symptoms: Rumination as a Possible Mediator
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Compassion: Embodied and Embedded
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Self-Criticism and Depressive Symptoms: Mediating Role of Self-Compassion
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Investigation of the Structural Relationships Between Social Support, Self-Compassion, and Subjective Well-Being in Korean Elite Student Athletes
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Self-Compassion and Resilience at Work: A Practice-Oriented Review
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The Effectiveness of a Brief Self-Compassion Intervention Program on Self-Compassion, Positive and Negative Affect and Life Satisfaction
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The Role of Self-compassion, Concern for Others, and Basic Psychological Needs in the Reduction of Caregiving Burnout
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Linking Self-Compassion and Prosocial Behavior in Adolescents: The Mediating Roles of Relatedness and Trust
Yang, Y., Guo, Z., Kou, Y., & Liu, B. (2019) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-019-9623-2 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Social Exclusion, Self-Forgiveness, Mindfulness, and Internet Addiction in College Students: a Moderated Mediation Approach
Arslan, G., & Coşkun, M. (2021) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-021-00506-1 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-Compassion and Psycho-Physiological Recovery From Recalled Sport Failure
Ceccarelli, L. A., Giuliano, R. J., Glazebrook, C. M., & Strachan, S. M. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01564 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Revisiting the Self-compassion Scale-Short Form: Stronger Associations with Self-inadequacy and Resilience
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Insecure attachment and emotional distress: Fear of self-compassion and self-compassion as mediators
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The qualities of attachment with significant others and self-compassion protect adolescents from non suicidal self-injury.
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Angry Rumination Mediates the Unique Associations Between Self-Compassion and Anger and Aggression
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Self-Compassion Mediates Improvement in Well-being in a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program in a Community-Based Sample
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Authors: Barnard, L. K., & Curry, J. F.
Affiliations: Duke University (US)
ORCID: Curry, John F.
Venue: Review of General Psychology
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2011-12
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Pages: 289-303
ISSN: 1089-2680 (ISSN-L)
1939-1552
DOI: 10.1037/a0025754
OpenAlex: W2020746234
Cited by: 835
References: 68
Citations by year: 2026: 38 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 80 · 2022: 89 · 2021: 104 · 2020: 87 · 2019: 64 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 18.28
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Review of General Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
Keywords: self-compassion, compassionate mind training, self-esteem, self-pity, self-criticism, well-being, mindfulness, mindfulness-based stress reduction, dialectical behavior therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, Buddhist psychology, self-compassion interventions

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Self-Compassion: Conceptualizations, Correlates, & Interventions

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