Implicit identification with death predicts change in suicide ideation during psychiatric treatment in adolescents
Open accessAbstract
Background: Suicidal thoughts and behaviors are major public health concerns in youth. Unfortunately, knowledge of reliable predictors of suicide risk in adolescents is limited. Promising research using a death stimuli version of the Implicit Association Test (Death IAT) indicates that stronger identification with death differs between adults with and without a history of suicidal thoughts and behaviors and uniquely predicts suicide ideation and behavior. However, research in adolescents is lacking and existing findings have been mixed. This study extends previous research by testing whether implicit identification with death predicts changes in suicide ideation during psychiatric treatment in adolescents. Methods: Participants included 276 adolescents, ages 13–19, admitted to a short‐term residential treatment program. At hospital admission and discharge, adolescents completed the Death IAT and measures of recent suicidal thoughts. Results: At admission, implicit identification with death was associated with recent suicide ideation, but did not differ between those who engaged in prior suicidal behavior and those who did not. Prospectively, adolescents' implicit identification with death at admission significantly predicted their suicide ideation severity at discharge, above and beyond explicit suicide ideation. However, this effect only was significant for adolescents with longer treatment stays (i.e., more than 13 days). Conclusions: Implicit identification with death predicts suicidal thinking among adolescents in psychiatric treatment. Findings clarify over what period of time implicit cognition about death may predict suicide risk in adolescents.
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The finding of a stronger self-death/suicide association among those with a prior suicide attempt has since been replicated in various samples.
“These findings have since been replicated in various samples (Barnes et al., 2017; Glenn et al., 2017).”
From Toward objective characterizations of suicide risk: A narrative review of laboratory-based cognitive and behavioral tasks (2023) · cites this paper as Glenn et al., 2017
The Results section reports that adolescents with a prior suicide attempt did not show significantly stronger implicit identification with death than adolescents who had considered suicide but never attempted (p=.76). The Discussion likewise states that there were no differences based on previous suicidal behavior. This paper therefore does not replicate the finding attributed to it. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSelf-associations with death/suicide have been found to prospectively predict a future suicide attempt.
“Self-associations with death/suicide have been found to prospectively predict a future suicide attempt (Barnes et al., 2017; Ellis et al., 2016; Glenn et al., 2017; Nock & Banaji, 2007; Nock et al., 2010; Tello et al., 2020).”
From Toward objective characterizations of suicide risk: A narrative review of laboratory-based cognitive and behavioral tasks (2023) · cites this paper as Glenn et al., 2017
The death/suicide IAT has predicted suicidal behavior in some prospective studies but not in others.
“The IAT predicts suicidal behavior in some prospective studies (269, 270), but not others (271).”
From A brain-centric model of suicidal behavior (2020) · cites this paper as [271]
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Self-citationStewart, S. M., & Zullo, L. (2020) · The Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Development · doi:10.1002/9781119171492.wecad501 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Kim, J., & 정남운 (2019) · Korean Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.17315/kjhp.2019.24.3.001 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Using Implicit and Explicit Measures to Predict Suicidal Behavior Among Adolescents
Tezanos, K. M., Bell, K., & Cha, C. B. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-82465-5_10
Self-citationMournet, A. M., Powell, D. S., Lanzillo, E. C., McBee‐Strayer, S. M., Bergdoll, E. E., Glenn, C. R., Millner, A. J., Pao, M., Nock, M. K., Horowitz, L. M., et al. (2022) · Adolescents · doi:10.3390/adolescents2010006
Self-citationExperience Sampling of Future Thinking and Suicidal Ideation Among Adolescents
Cha, C., Shin, K. E., Parvez, N., Nam, R. J., & Bassing, M. M. (2026) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2026.2670722
Self-citation
- Authors
- Glenn, C. R., Kleiman, E. M., Coppersmith, D. D. L., Santee, A. C., Esposito, E. C., Cha, C. B., Nock, M. K., & Auerbach, R. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Rochester (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Glenn, Catherine R.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-07-04
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1319-1329
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- PMC
- PMC5693711
- OpenAlex
- W2733755915
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 7.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (F32MH097354, K23MH097786)
- Klingenstein Third Generation Foundation
- Tommy Fuss Fund
- John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health via Writing
- Keywords
- suicidal ideation, adolescents, suicide risk prediction, psychiatric residential treatment, treatment duration, suicidal behavior
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Adult, Attitude to Death, Female, Humans, Male, Patient Admission, Patient Discharge, Residential Treatment, Suicide, Attempted, Young Adult, Suicidal Ideation
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