Long-Term Weight Loss Strategies for Obesity

Kheniser, Karim; Saxon, David R; Kashyap, Sangeeta R

doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab091

Cited by 139Bariatric Surgery and OutcomesPharmacology and Obesity TreatmentObesity, Physical Activity, Diet

Long-Term Weight Loss Strategies for Obesity

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Kheniser, Karim, Saxon, David R, Kashyap, Sangeeta R·2021·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

DOI 10.1210/clinem/dgab091PMC PMC8427732

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Abstract

Context: Obesity is a chronic disease that is difficult to manage without holistic therapy. The therapeutic armamentarium for obesity primarily consists of 4 forms of therapy: lifestyle modification (ie, diet and exercise), cognitive behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery. Evidence acquisition: Evidence was consolidated from randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and meta-analyses. Evidence synthesis: After 2 years, lifestyle interventions can facilitate weight loss that equates to ~5%. Even though lifestyle interventions are plagued by weight regain, they can have substantial effects on type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk. Although 10-year percentage excess weight loss can surpass 50% after bariatric surgery, weight regain is likely. To mitigate weight regain, instituting a multifactorial maintenance program is imperative. Such a program can integrate diet, exercise, and pharmacotherapy. Moreover, behavioral therapy can complement a maintenance program well. Conclusions: Obesity is best managed by a multidisciplinary clinical team that integrates diet, exercise, and pharmacotherapy. Bariatric surgery is needed to manage type 2 diabetes and obesity in select patients.

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Structured dietary intervention to facilitate weight loss after bariatric surgery: A randomized, controlled pilot study
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Editorial Highlights on Journal of Nutrition and Weight Loss
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Authors: Kheniser, K., Saxon, D. R., & Kashyap, S. R.
Affiliations: Cleveland Clinic (US)
University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
Corresponding author: Kashyap, Sangeeta R
ORCID: Kheniser, Karim
Saxon, David R
Kashyap, Sangeeta R
Venue: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Published: 2021-02-17
Volume: 106
Issue: 7
Pages: 1854-1866
ISSN: 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
1945-7197
DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab091
PMC: PMC8427732
OpenAlex: W3133293951
Semantic Scholar: 3e10e25abe8ed2958994b460c3ee1672b81d09b7
Cited by: 139
References: 155
Citations by year: 2026: 31 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 7
FWCI: 4.34
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
Locations: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Keywords: obesity, weight loss, lifestyle modification, diet and exercise, cognitive behavioral therapy, obesity pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery, weight regain, weight loss maintenance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular risk, multidisciplinary care
MeSH terms: Obesity Management, Behavior Therapy, Diet, Reducing, Humans, Life Style, Obesity, Time, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Anti-Obesity Agents, Bariatric Surgery, Observational Studies as Topic

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