Mental health problems in adolescents with delayed sleep phase: results from a large population‐based study in N orway
Abstract
Summary: The aim of the current study was to compare mental health problems, resilience and family characteristics in adolescents with and without delayed sleep phase ( DSP ) in a population‐based sample. Data were taken from the youth@hordaland‐survey, a large population‐based study in H ordaland C ounty in N orway conducted in 2012. In all, 9338 adolescents aged 16–19 years (53.5% girls) provided self‐reported data on a wide range of instruments assessing mental health symptoms, including depression, anxiety, obsessive–compulsive behaviours, attention deficit hyperactive disorder ( ADHD ) symptoms, perfectionism, resilience and sleep. Measures of socioeconomic status were also included. Three hundred and six adolescents (prevalence 3.3%) were classified as having DSP [according to the I nternational C lassification of S leep D isorders‐2 ( ICSD ‐2)] criteria. Adolescents with DSP reported higher levels of depression, anxiety and ADHD symptoms. Adolescents with DSP also exhibited significantly lower levels of resilience. The C ohen's d effect sizes ranged from small [obsessive–compulsive disorder ( OCD ): d = 0.15] to moderate (inattention: d = 0.71). In the fully adjusted model, the significant predictors of DSP included inattention [odds ratio ( OR ): 2.11], lack of personal structure ( OR : 2.07), low ( OR : 1.85) and high ( OR : 1.91) paternal education, parents not living together ( OR : 1.81), hyperactivity/inattention (OR: 1.71) and poorer family economy ( OR : 1.59). In conclusion, the high symptom load across a range of mental health measures suggests that a broad and thorough clinical approach is warranted when adolescents present with DSP .
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
DSPD is moderately associated with inattentive and hyperactive symptoms in adolescents.
“there was a moderate association of DSPD with inattentive and hyperactive symptoms”
From A systematic review of circadian function, chronotype and chronotherapy in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Sivertsen et al. (2015)
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369 · see citing works
BIRMAHER, B., BRENT, D. A., CHIAPPETTA, L., BRIDGE, J., MONGA, S., & BAUGHER, M. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199910000-00011 · Cited by 2,252 · see citing works
A methodological review of resilience measurement scales
Windle, G., Bennett, K. M., & Noyes, J. (2011) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-9-8 · Cited by 2,079 · see citing works
Self-Reported and Measured Sleep Duration: How Similar Are They?
Lauderdale, D. S., Knutson, K. L., Yan, L. L., Liu, K., & Rathouz, P. J. (2008) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e318187a7b0 · Cited by 1,565 · see citing works
Gradisar, M., Gardner, G., & Dohnt, H. (2011) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.11.008 · Cited by 1,196 · see citing works
Sleep, circadian rhythms, and delayed phase in adolescence
Crowley, S. J., Acebo, C., & Carskadon, M. A. (2007) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2006.12.002 · Cited by 1,127 · cited 2× · see citing works
“In terms of mental health, adolescents with DSP have elevated symptoms of anxiety and depression (Crowley et al., 2007; Saxvig et al., 2012), and DSP is prevalent in help-seeking adolescents with depression (Glozier et al., 2014).”
BackgroundKessler, R. C., Adler, L. A., Gruber, M. J., Sarawate, C. A., Spencer, T. J., & Brunt, D. L. V. (2007) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.208 · Cited by 847 · see citing works
Johnson, E. O., Roth, T., Schultz, L., & Breslau, N. (2006) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2004-2629 · Cited by 616 · see citing works
Friborg, O., Clausen, L., & Rosenvinge, J. H. (2013) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t62782-000 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Sharp, C., Goodyer, I. M., & Croudace, T. J. (2006) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-006-9027-x · Cited by 358 · see citing works
The epidemiology of insomnia: Associations with physical and mental health.
Sivertsen, B., Krokstad, S., Øverland, S. N., & Mykletun, A. (2009) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.05.001 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Self-citationEarlier Parental Set Bedtimes as a Protective Factor Against Depression and Suicidal Ideation
Gangwisch, J. E., Babiss, L. A., Malaspina, D., Turner, B. J., Zammit, G. K., & Posner, K. (2010) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/33.1.97 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Thapar, A., & McGuffin, P. (1998) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(98)00073-0 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Sleep tendency during extended wakefulness: Insights into adolescent sleep regulation and behavior
TAYLOR, D. J., JENNI, O. G., ACEBO, C., & CARSKADON, M. A. (2005) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2005.00467.x · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Short, M. A., Gradisar, M., Wright, H., Lack, L. C., Dohnt, H., & Carskadon, M. A. (2011) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.1052 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Gradisar, M., Dohnt, H., Gardner, G., Paine, S., Starkey, K., Menne, A., Slater, A., Wright, H., Hudson, J. L., Weaver, E., et al. (2011) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.1432 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Zinkhan, M., Berger, K., Hense, S., Nagel, M., Obst, A., Koch, B., Penzel, T., Fietze, I., Ahrens, W., Young, P., et al. (2014) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2014.04.015 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Delayed sleep phase syndrome in adolescents
Thorpy, M. J., Korman, E., Spielman, A. J., & Glovinsky, P. B. (1988) · Journal of Adolescent Health Care · doi:10.1016/0197-0070(88)90014-9 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Prevalence and correlates of delayed sleep phase in high school students
Saxvig, I. W., Pallesen, S., Wilhelmsen‐Langeland, A., Molde, H., & Bjorvatn, B. (2011) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2011.10.024 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Self-citationSivertsen, B., Pallesen, S., Stormark, K. M., Bøe, T., Lundervold, A. J., & Hysing, M. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-1163 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citationAsarnow, L. D., McGlinchey, E., & Harvey, A. G. (2014) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.09.004 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Self-citationRandler, C., Bilger, S., & Díaz‐Morales, J. F. (2009) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.3200/jrl.143.5.509-520 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Associations of sleep duration with obesity and serum lipid profile in children and adolescents
Kong, A. P., Wing, Y.-K., Choi, K. C., Li, A. M., Ko, G. T. C., Ma, R. C., Tong, P. C., Ho, C.-S., Chan, M. H., Ng, M. H., et al. (2011) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.12.015 · Cited by 152 · cited 2× · see citing works
“, 2014), and a recent study of young adolescents in Hong Kong found good agreement between actigraphy-measured and questionnairereported sleep durations (Kong et al., 2011).”
BackgroundA Validation Study of the Resilience Scale for Adolescents (READ)
von Soest, T., Mossige, S., Stefansen, K., & Hjemdal, O. (2010) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-009-9149-x · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Variability in Self-Reported Normal Sleep Across the Adult Age Span
Dillon, H. R., Lichstein, K. L., Dautovich, N. D., Taylor, D. J. F., Riedel, B. W., & Bush, A. J. (2014) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbu035 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Bijlenga, D., van der Heijden, K. B., Breuk, M., van Someren, E. J. W., Lie, M. E. H., Boonstra, A. M., Swaab, H. J. T., & Kooij, J. J. S. (2013) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054711428965 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Stormark, K. M., Heiervang, E. R., Heimann, M., Lundervold, A. J., & Gillberg, C. (2007) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-007-9187-3 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Adler, L. A., Shaw, D. M., Spencer, T. J., Newcorn, J. H., Hammerness, P. G., Sitt, D. J., Minerly, A. C. E., Davidow, J. V., & Faraone, S. V. (2012) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2011.0062 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Nyman‐Carlsson, E., & Garner, D. M. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-287-087-2_192-1 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Lundervold, A. J., Breivik, K., Posserud, M.-B. R., Stormark, K. M., & Hysing, M. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00613 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationPallesen, S., Saxvig, I. W., Molde, H., S⊘rensen, E., Wilhelmsen‐Langeland, A., & Bjorvatn, B. (2011) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.02.005 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationDelayed sleep onset in depressed young people
Glozier, N., O’Dea, B., McGorry, P. D., Pantelis, C., Amminger, G. P., Hermens, D. F., Purcell, R., Scott, E. M., & Hickie, I. B. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-33 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Bøe, T., Hysing, M., Stormark, K. M., Lundervold, A. J., & Sivertsen, B. (2012) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.09.008 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationObsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents. Clinical guidelines
Thomsen, P. H. (1998) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s007870050038 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Kattwinkel, J. (2006) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2005-2265 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The Personality Profile of Young Adults With Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder
Wilhelmsen‐Langeland, A., Saxvig, I. W., Pallesen, S., Nordhus, I. H., Vedaa, Ø., Sørensen, E., & Bjorvatn, B. (2013) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2013.829063 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The role of sleep in pain and fibromyalgia
Choy, E. H. S. (2015) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2015.56 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Coogan, A. N., & McGowan, N. M. (2017) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-016-0214-5 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Sleep disturbances in adolescents with ADHD: A systematic review and framework for future research
Lunsford-Avery, J. R., Krystal, A. D., & Kollins, S. H. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.10.004 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Circadian depression: A mood disorder phenotype
Carpenter, J. S., Crouse, J. J., Scott, E. M., Naismith, S. L., Wilson, C., Scott, J., Merikangas, K. R., & Hickie, I. B. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.045 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Green, J. G., DeYoung, G., Wogan, M. E., Wolf, E. J., Lane, K. L., & Adler, L. A. (2019) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.1751 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
McGowan, N. M., Voinescu, B. I., & Coogan, A. N. (2016) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2016.1208214 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder and its related sleep behaviors in the young generation.
Futenma, K., Takaesu, Y., Komada, Y., Shimura, A., Okajima, I., Matsui, K., Tanioka, K., & Inoue, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1174719 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Later School Start Times as a Public Health Intervention to Promote Sleep Health in Adolescents
Mousavi, Z., & Troxel, W. M. (2023) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-023-00263-8 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Wiggs, L. D. (2019) · Sleep and ADHD · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814180-9.00003-x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sivertsen, B., Harvey, A. G., Pallesen, S., & Hysing, M.
- Affiliations
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NO)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Haukeland University Hospital (NO)
- Uni Research (Norway) (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Sivertsen, Børge
- Venue
- Journal of Sleep Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-10-31
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 11-18
- ISSN
- 0962-1105 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2869
- OpenAlex
- W2044209697
- Cited by
- 158
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 9 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 16.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Sleep Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD071065)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- delayed sleep phase, adolescents, mental health, depression, anxiety, ADHD symptoms, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, perfectionism, resilience, sleep disorders, inattention, family factors, socioeconomic status, paternal education, family structure
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anxiety, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Mental Disorders, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Norway, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Sleep, Prevalence, Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
