Epidemiology of DSM-IV Insomnia in Adolescence: Lifetime Prevalence, Chronicity, and an Emergent Gender Difference
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The confluence of sleep/wake cycle and circadian rhythm changes that accompany pubertal development and the social and emotional developmental tasks of adolescence may create a period of substantial risk for development of insomnia. Although poor sleep affects cognitive performance and is associated with poor emotional and physical health, epidemiologic studies among adolescents have been limited. In this first epidemiologic study of insomnia defined by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria in a US sample of adolescents, we estimated lifetime prevalence of insomnia, examined chronicity and onset, and explored the role of pubertal development. METHODS. Data come from a random sample of 1014 adolescents who were 13 to 16 years of age, selected from households in a 400000-member health maintenance organization encompassing metropolitan Detroit. Response rate was 71.2%. The main outcome measured was DSM-IV–defined insomnia. RESULTS. Lifetime prevalence of insomnia was 10.7%. A total of 88% of adolescents with a history of insomnia reported current insomnia. The median age of onset of insomnia was 11. Of those with insomnia, 52.8% had a comorbid psychiatric disorder. In exploratory analyses of insomnia and pubertal development, onset of menses was associated with a 2.75-fold increased risk for insomnia. There was no difference in risk for insomnia among girls before menses onset relative to boys, but a difference emerged after menses onset. In contrast, maturational development was not associated with insomnia in boys. CONCLUSIONS. Insomnia seems to be common and chronic among adolescents. The often found gender difference in risk for insomnia seems to emerge in association with onset of menses.
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The majority of adolescents are reported to be sleep deprived.
“the majority of adolescents are reported to be sleep deprived208–210”
From Rhythms of life: circadian disruption and brain disorders across the lifespan (2019) · cites this paper as [209]
An estimated 7% of adolescents meet clinical criteria for delayed sleep phase syndrome.
“an estimated 7% of adolescents meet clinical criteria for delayed sleep phase syndrome”
From Rhythms of life: circadian disruption and brain disorders across the lifespan (2019) · cites this paper as [209]
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- Authors
- Johnson, E. O., Roth, T., Schultz, L., & Breslau, N.
- Affiliations
- RTI International (US)
- Sleep Disorders and Research Center
- Henry Ford Health (US)
- Michigan State University (US)
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2006-02-01
- Volume
- 117
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e247-e256
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- OpenAlex
- W2156852637
- Cited by
- 616
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 23.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH61358, R01MH061358)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Keywords
- insomnia, adolescents, lifetime prevalence, chronicity, gender differences, pubertal development, psychiatric comorbidity, circadian rhythm, sleep
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Mental Disorders, Child, Chronic Disease, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Menarche, Sex Factors, Prevalence, Age of Onset
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