Gut microbiota and probiotics: Novel immune system modulators in myasthenia gravis?
Abstract
Gut microorganisms (microbiota) live in symbiosis with the host and influence human nutrition, metabolism, physiology, and immune development and function. The microbiota prevents pathogen infection to the host, and in turn the host provides a niche for survival. The alteration of gut bacteria composition (dysbiosis) could contribute to the development of immune-mediated diseases by influencing the immune system activation and driving the pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in order to promote or counteract immune reactions. Probiotics are nonpathogenic microorganisms able to interact with the gut microbiota and provide health benefits; their use has recently been exploited to dampen immunological response in several experimental models of autoimmune diseases. Here, we focus on the relationships among commensal bacteria, probiotics, and the gut, describing the main interactions occurring with the immune system and recent data supporting the clinical efficacy of probiotic administration in rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and myasthenia gravis (MG) animal models. The encouraging results suggest that selected strains of probiotics should be evaluated in clinical trials as adjuvant therapy to restore the disrupted tolerance in myasthenia gravis.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Probiotics can increase the number of macrophages and dendritic cells in lamina propria and enhance their function in the intestine for a period of time.
“Probiotics can increase the number of macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) in lamina propria and enhance their function in the intestine for a period of time.”
From Probiotics Regulate Gut Microbiota: An Effective Method to Improve Immunity (2021) · cites this paper as [40]
Cites
1 retracted
Kouchaki, E., Tamtaji, O. R., Salami, M., Bahmani, F., Daneshvar Kakhaki, R., Akbari, E., Tajabadi-Ebrahimi, M., Jafari, P., & Asemi, Z. (2017) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2016.08.015 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
RetractedHill (2014) · doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2014.66 · Cited by 9,592 · see citing works
Induction of Intestinal Th17 Cells by Segmented Filamentous Bacteria
Ivanov, I. I., Atarashi, K., Manel, N., Brodie, E. L., Shima, T., Karaoz, U., Wei, D., Goldfarb, K. C., Santee, C. A., Lynch, S. V., et al. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.09.033 · Cited by 4,554 · see citing works
Intestinal epithelial cells: regulators of barrier function and immune homeostasis
Peterson, L. W., & Artis, D. (2014) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3608 · Cited by 3,191 · see citing works
Coombes, J. L., Siddiqui, K. R. R., Arancibia-Cárcamo, C. V., Hall, J. A., Sun, C., Belkaid, Y., & Powrie, F. M. (2007) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20070590 · Cited by 2,708 · see citing works
Gut biogeography of the bacterial microbiota
Donaldson, G. P., Lee, S. M., & Mazmanian, S. K. (2016) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro3552 · Cited by 2,535 · see citing works
The microbiota in adaptive immune homeostasis and disease
Honda, K., & Littman, D. R. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature18848 · Cited by 1,846 · see citing works
Gut-Residing Segmented Filamentous Bacteria Drive Autoimmune Arthritis via T Helper 17 Cells
Wu, H.-J., Ivanov, I. I., Darce, J., Hattori, K., Shima, T., Umesaki, Y., Littman, D. R., Benoist, C., & Mathis, D. (2010) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2010.06.001 · Cited by 1,577 · see citing works
Alterations of the human gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis
Jangi, S., Gandhi, R., Cox, L. M., Li, N., von Glehn, F., Yan, R., Patel, B., Mazzola, M. A., Liu, S., Glanz, B. L., et al. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms12015 · Cited by 1,307 · see citing works
Secretory IgA's complex roles in immunity and mucosal homeostasis in the gut
Mantis, N. J., Rol, N., & Corthésy, B. (2011) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/mi.2011.41 · Cited by 1,283 · see citing works
Commensal microbiota and myelin autoantigen cooperate to trigger autoimmune demyelination
Berer, K., Mues, M., Koutrolos, M., Rasbi, Z. A., Boziki, M., Johner, C., Wekerle, H., & Krishnamoorthy, G. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10554 · Cited by 1,251 · see citing works
Paneth cells, antimicrobial peptides and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis
Bevins, C. L., & Salzman, N. H. (2011) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2546 · Cited by 1,238 · see citing works
Cekanaviciute, E., Yoo, B. B., Runia, T. F., Debelius, J. W., Singh, S., Nelson, C., Kanner, R., Bencosme, Y., Lee, Y. K., Hauser, S. L., et al. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1711235114 · Cited by 1,040 · see citing works
Berer, K., Gerdes, L. A., Cekanaviciute, E., Jia, X., Xiao, L., Xia, Z., Liu, C., Klotz, L., Stauffer, U., Baranzini, S. E., et al. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1711233114 · Cited by 933 · see citing works
An expansion of rare lineage intestinal microbes characterizes rheumatoid arthritis
Chen, J., Wright, K., Davis, J. M., Jeraldo, P., Marietta, E. V., Murray, J., Nelson, H., Matteson, E. L., & Taneja, V. (2016) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-016-0299-7 · Cited by 858 · see citing works
Rimoldi, M., Chieppa, M., Salucci, V., Avogadri, F., Sonzogni, A., Sampietro, G. M., Nespoli, A., Viale, G., Allavena, P., & Rescigno, M. (2005) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1192 · Cited by 815 · see citing works
Microfold (M) cells: important immunosurveillance posts in the intestinal epithelium
Mabbott, N. A., Donaldson, D. S., Ohno, H., Williams, I. R., & Mahajan, A. (2013) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/mi.2013.30 · Cited by 721 · see citing works
The immune system and the gut microbiota: friends or foes?
Cerf-Bensussan, N., & Gaboriau-Routhiau, V. (2010) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2850 · Cited by 704 · see citing works
Schulz, O., Gyllenbäck, E. J., Persson, E. K., Liu, X., Worbs, T., Agace, W. W., & Pabst, O. (2009) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20091925 · Cited by 702 · see citing works
Kwon, H., Lee, C., So, J., Chae, C.-S., Hwang, J.-S., Sahoo, A., Nam, J. H., Rhee, J. H., Hwang, K.-C., & Im, S. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0904055107 · Cited by 627 · see citing works
Lee, J., Mo, J., Katakura, K., Alkalay, I., Rucker, A. N., Liu, Y., Lee, H., Shen, C., Cojocaru, G., Shenouda, S., et al. (2006) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb1500 · Cited by 621 · see citing works
Mazzini, E., Massimiliano, L., Penna, G., & Rescigno, M. (2014) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2013.12.012 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Lavasani, S., Dzhambazov, B. M., Nouri, M., Fåk, F., Buske, S., Molin, G., Thorlacius, H., Alenfall, J., Jeppsson, B. W., & Weström, B. R. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009009 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Balandina, A., Lécart, S., Dartevelle, P., Saoudi, A., & Berrih‐Aknin, S. (2004) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2003-11-3900 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Tan, T. G., Sefik, E., Geva-Zatorsky, N., Kua, L., Naskar, D., Teng, F., Pasman, L., Ortiz-Lopez, A., Jupp, R., Wu, H.-J. J., et al. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1617460113 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Fecal microbiota in early rheumatoid arthritis.
Vaahtovuo, J., Munukka, E., Korkeamäki, M., Luukkainen, R., & Toivanen, P. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Mandel, D. R., Eichas, K., & Holmes, J. (2010) · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1186/1472-6882-10-1 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Probiotic lactobacilli and VSL#3 induce enterocyte β‐defensin 2
Schlee, M., Harder, J., Köten, B., Stange, E., Wehkamp, J., & Fellermann, K. (2008) · Clinical and Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03587.x · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Lécuyer, E., Rakotobé, S., Garnier‐Lengliné, H., Lebreton, C., Picard, M., Juste, C., Fritzen, R., Eberl, G., McCoy, K. D., Macpherson, A. J., et al. (2014) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2014.03.009 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Cosorich, I., Dalla-Costa, G., Sorini, C., Ferrarese, R., Messina, M. J., Dolpady, J., Radice, E., Mariani, A., Testoni, P. A., Canducci, F., et al. (2017) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700492 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Intestinal dysbiosis and probiotic applications in autoimmune diseases
de Oliveira, G. L. V., Leite, A. Z., Higuchi, B. S., Gonzaga, M. I., & Mariano, V. S. (2017) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/imm.12765 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Probiotic supplementation improves inflammatory status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Vaghef‐Mehrabany, E., Alipour, B., Rad, A. H., Sharif, S., Jafarabadi, M. A., & Zavvari, S. (2013) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2013.09.007 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Beyond pattern recognition: five immune checkpoints for scaling the microbial threat
Blander, J. M., & Sander, L. E. (2012) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3167 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Mechanisms leading from systemic autoimmunity to joint-specific disease in rheumatoid arthritis
Catrina, A. I., Svensson, C. I., Malmström, V., Schett, G. A., & Klareskog, L. (2016) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2016.200 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Role of the Gut Microbiome in Modulating Arthritis Progression in Mice
Liu, X., Zeng, B., Zhang, J., Li, W., Mou, F., Wang, H., Zou, Q., Zhong, B., Wu, L., Wei, H., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep30594 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Pianta, A., Arvikar, S. L., Strle, K., Drouin, E. E., Wang, Q., Costello, C. E., & Steere, A. C. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci93450 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Kwon, H.-K., Kim, G.-C., Kim, Y., Hwang, W., Jash, A., Sahoo, A., Kim, J.-E., Nam, J. H., & Im, S.-H. (2013) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2013.01.001 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Portrait of an immunoregulatory bifidobacterium
Konieczna, P., Akdiş, C. A., Quigley, E. M. M., Shanahan, F., & O’Mahony, L. (2012) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.4161/gmic.20358 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Sécher, T., Kassem, S., Benamar, M., Bernard, I., Boury, M., Barreau, F., Oswald, É., & Saoudi, A. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01096 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Gradolatto, A., Nazzal, D., Truffault, F., Bismuth, J., Fadel, É., Foti, M., & Berrih‐Aknin, S. (2014) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2013.12.015 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Salehipour, Z., Haghmorad, D., Sankian, M., Rastin, M., Nosratabadi, R., Dallal, M. M. S., Tabasi, N. S., Khazaee, M., Nasiraie, L. R., & Mahmoudi, M. (2017) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.117 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Thiruppathi, M., Rowin, J., Ganesh, B. B., Sheng, J. R., Prabhakar, B. S., & Meriggioli, M. N. (2012) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2012.09.012 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Mann, E. R. (2014) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i29.9653 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Myasthenia Gravis: Paradox versus paradigm in autoimmunity
Berrih‐Aknin, S. (2014) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2014.05.001 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Modulation of microbiota as treatment for intestinal inflammatory disorders: An uptodate
Gallo, A., Passaro, G., Gasbarrini, A., Landolfi, R., & Montalto, M. (2016) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i32.7186 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Abhari, K., Shekarforoush, S. S., Hosseinzadeh, S., Nazıfı, S., Sajedianfard, J., & Eskandari, M. H. (2016) · Food & Nutrition Research · doi:10.3402/fnr.v60.30876 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Garcia, C. V., Petrova, M., Claes, I. J. J., Boeck, I. D., Verhoeven, T. L. A., Dilissen, E., von Ossowski, I., Palva, A., Bullens, D. M. A., Vanderleyden, J., et al. (2015) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.03949-14 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
CD4 + FoxP3 + T regulatory cell subsets in myasthenia gravis patients
Köhler, S., Keil, T. O. P., Hoffmann, S., Swierzy, M., Ismail, M., Rückert, J. C., Alexander, T., & Meisel, A. (2017) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2017.03.003 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
López, P., González-Rodríguez, I., Sánchez, B., Ruas‐Madiedo, P., Suárez, A., Margollés, A., & Gueimonde, M. (2012) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.07581-11 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Prophylactic Effect of Probiotics on the Development of Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis
Chae, C.-S., Kwon, H., Hwang, J., Kim, J., & Im, S. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052119 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Role of peptidoglycan subtypes in the pathogenesis of bacterial cell wall arthritis
Šimelyte, E., Rimpiläinen, M. A., Zhang, X., & Toivanen, P. (2003) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.62.10.976 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Stanisavljević, S., Lukić, J., Bajić, S. S., Mihajlović, S., Stojković, M. M., Miljković, D. M., & Golić, N. (2016) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.02005 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Novel future therapeutic options in Myasthenia Gravis
Dalakas, M. C. (2013) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2013.03.006 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Pan, H., Li, R., Li, T., Wang, J., & Liu, L. (2017) · Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.eng.2017.01.006 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Lactobacillus crispatus KT-11 Enhances Intestinal Immune Functions in C3H/HeN Mice
Tobita, K., Yanaka, H., & Otani, H. (2010) · Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology · doi:10.3177/jnsv.56.441 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Vaghef‐Mehrabany, E., Vaghef‐Mehrabany, L., Jafarabadi, M. A., Rad, A. H., Issazadeh, K., & Alipour, B. (2017) · Health Promotion Perspectives · doi:10.15171/hpp.2017.17 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
6th International congress of immunology
(1986) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.950040617 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Probiotics Regulate Gut Microbiota: An Effective Method to Improve Immunity
Wang, X., Zhang, P., & Zhang, X. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26196076 · Cited by 529 · see citing works
Bagheri, S., Heydari, A., Alinaghipour, A., & Salami, M. (2019) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.03.038 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Effects of polysaccharides on glycometabolism based on gut microbiota alteration
Fang, Q., Hu, J., Nie, Q., & Nie, S. (2019) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2019.08.015 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Rezaeiasl, Z., Sepehri, G., & Salami, M. (2019) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112183 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Probiotics: If It Does Not Help It Does Not Do Any Harm. Really?
Lerner, A., Shoenfeld, Y., & Matthias, T. (2019) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms7040104 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Salami, M., Kouchaki, E., Asemi, Z., & Tamtaji, O. R. (2018) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2018.10.023 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Kalinkovich, A., & Livshits, G. (2019) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.05.007 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Gut Microbiota as Regulators of Th17/Treg Balance in Patients With Myasthenia Gravis
Chen, P., & Tang, X. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.803101 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Fecal microbiota profile in a group of myasthenia gravis patients
Morís, G., Arboleya, S., Mancabelli, L., Milani, C., Ventura, M., Reyes‐Gavilán, C. G. D. L., & Gueimonde, M. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-32700-y · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Shija, V. M., Amoah, K., & Cai, J. X. (2023) · Fishes · doi:10.3390/fishes8070366 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Exploring the Gut Microbiome in Myasthenia Gravis
Thye, A. Y.-K., Law, J. W., Tan, L. T., Thurairajasingam, S., Chan, K., Letchumanan, V., & Lee, L. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14081647 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
The Protective Role of Probiotics against Colorectal Cancer
Ding, S., Hu, C., Fang, J. Q., & Liu, G. (2020) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2020/8884583 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
The Double Game Played by Th17 Cells in Infection: Host Defense and Immunopathology
Paroli, M., Caccavale, R., Fiorillo, M. T., Spadea, L., Gumina, S., Candela, V., & Paroli, M. P. (2022) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens11121547 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Jiang, S., Ma, W., Ma, C., Zhang, Z., Zhang, W., & Zhang, J. (2024) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2024.2341717 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Polysaccharides: The Potential Prebiotics for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD)
Guo, Q., Li, Y., Dai, X., Wang, B., Zhang, J., & Cao, H. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15173722 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Mechanistic insight into the gut microbiome and its interaction with host immunity and inflammation
Xue, J., Ajuwon, K. M., & Fang, R. (2020) · Animal nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2020.05.007 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Encapsulated Food Products as a Strategy to Strengthen Immunity Against COVID-19
Tripathy, S., Verma, D. K., Thakur, M., Patel, A. R., Srivastav, P. P., Sıngh, S., Chávez‐González, M. L., & Aguilar, C. N. (2021) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.673174 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Probiotics can really cure an autoimmune disease?
Yousefi, B., Eslami, M., Ghasemian, A., Kokhaei, P., & Sadeghnejhad, A. (2019) · Gene Reports · doi:10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100364 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Chen, S., Zhang, P., Duan, H., Wang, J., Qiu, Y., Cui, Z., Yin, Y., Wan, D., & Xie, L. (2023) · The Innovation · doi:10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100479 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Wang, X. B., Yang, C., Yang, L., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.985841 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Zhou, C., Wang, H., Li, X., Luo, Y., Xie, M., Wu, Z., & Chen, X. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20020389 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Tamtaji, O. R., Milajerdi, A., Reiner, Ž., Asemi, Z., Dadgostar, E., Heidari‐Soureshjani, R., Mamsharifi, P., Amirani, E., Mirzaei, H., Hallajzadeh, J., et al. (2020) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102507 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Li, X., Lv, C., Jin-xiao, S., & Li, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.757673 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Wang, X. B., Ma, R., Liu, X., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.948599 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Digehsara, S. G., Name, N., Esfandiari, B., Karim, E., Taheri, S., Ebrahimi, M. T., & Arasteh, J. (2020) · Inflammation · doi:10.1007/s10753-020-01339-1 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Chen, L., Li, B., Zu, M., Reis, R. L., Kundu, S. C., & Xiao, B. (2025) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2025.06.012 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Cai, L., Li, Q., Deng, Y., Liu, X., Du, W., & Jiang, X. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3892/ijmm.2020.4512 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Sabouri, S., Esmailzadeh, M., Sadeghinejad, A., Shahrbabaki, M. E., Asadikaram, G., & Nikvarz, N. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/pra.0000000000000660 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Prediction model of colorectal cancer (CRC) lymph node metastasis based on intestinal bacteria
Wu, Y., Jing, Z., Jie, Z., Yin, J., Wu, X., Yifei, S., Zhiqing, F., Wu, W., & Han, S. (2023) · Clinical & Translational Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12094-022-03061-w · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The Role of Human Microbiota in Myasthenia Gravis: A Narrative Review
Schirò, G., Iacono, S., & Balistreri, C. R. (2023) · Neurology International · doi:10.3390/neurolint15010026 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Sun, J., Xie, Q., Sun, M., Zhang, W., Wang, H., Liu, N., & Wang, M. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26030 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Effects of probiotics on pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions in mice
Sabouri, S., Kangi, S., Najimi, S., & Rahimi, H. R. (2021) · Epilepsy Research · doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106723 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Lee, K. W., Shin, J. S., Lee, C. M., Han, H. Y., Yun, O., Kim, H. W., & Cho, T. J. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15051131 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Myasthenia gravis genome-wide association study implicates AGRN as a risk locus
Topaloudi, A., Zagoriti, Z., Flint, A. C., Martinez, M. B., Yang, Z., Tsetsos, F., Christou, Y.-P., Lagoumintzis, G., Yannaki, E., Zamba‐Papanicolaou, E., et al. (2021) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-107953 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
From One-Size-Fits-All to Precision Medicine: The Promise of Personalized Probiotics
Montazeri‐Najafabady, N. (2025) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-025-10815-9 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Chang, C.-C., Liu, T.-C., Lu, C.-J., Chiu, H., & Lin, W. (2024) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2024.04.025 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Zheng, Y., Yuan, X., Zhang, C., Liu, R., Jin, H., Hao, H.-J., Li, F., Zhao, Y., Yuan, Y., Wang, Z., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.843523 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Shirzadi, P., Farokh, P., Meinagh, S. O., Izadi-Jorshari, G., Hajikarimloo, B., Mohammadi, G., Parvardeh, S., & Nassiri‐Asl, M. (2025) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-025-04993-4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Ray, D., Bose, P., Mukherjee, S., Roy, S., & Kaity, S. (2025) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125776 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Zhao, M., Liu, L., Liu, F., Liu, L., Liu, Z., Gao, Y., & Cao, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.1082565 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Li, Y., Shan, Y., Xu, L., Chen, W., & Li, Y. (2024) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112699 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Bidgoli, F. A., Talaei, S. A., Tameh, A. A., & Salami, M. (2025) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2025.100736 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Gut microbial profiles of patients with optic neuritis or myasthenia gravis
Wu, T., Jiang, H., Chen, L., Peng, J., Kong, X., Yu, J., Wang, J., & Cui, S. (2025) · Journal of International Medical Research · doi:10.1177/03000605251314817 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Gut microbiota in regulation of neuromuscular coordination
Roy, S., Chakraborty, B., & Choudhury, L. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-33351-4.00024-6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Myasthenia gravis and nutrition
Uçak, M. N., & Çolak, G. A. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1600508 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lv, J., Liu, R., Sun, Z., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Zhao, X., Liu, J., Zhou, X., Zhang, M., Liu, Q., et al. (2026) · The American Journal of Chinese Medicine · doi:10.1142/s0192415x26500023 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Yan, L., Shan, Y., Xu, L., He, Z.-L., Wang, G. P., WANG, Q., Li, Y., & Chen, W. (2026) · Journal of Ginseng Research · doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2026.100988 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Xu, L., Li, Y., He, Z., Chen, W., & Li, Y. (2026) · Pathology - Research and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.prp.2026.156423 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Novikov, Y. О., & Akopyan, A. P. (2024) · Chinese Medicine and Culture · doi:10.1097/mc9.0000000000000102 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Use of complementary medicine in autoimmune diseases of the nervous system.
Novikov, Y. О., Akopyan, A. P., & Derevyanko, K. P. (2022) · Vestnik nevrologii psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology Psychiatry and Neurosurgery) · doi:10.33920/med-01-2210-08
Bile Acid Metabolism in Hyperlipidemia Mice Effects of Lipid-Lowering Lactobacillus Plantarum DC4
Song, J., Wu, S., Zeng, L., Xu, W., Tian, Y., Wu, Z., Lei, Z., & Liu, J. (2023) · Advances in Food Science and Human Nutrition · doi:10.23977/afshn.2023.050104
Role of probiotics in brain health
Thakur, A. K., Shekhar, N., Tyagi, S., & Rani, S. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-18951-7.00009-8
do Rêgo, A. C. M., & Araújo-Filho, I. (2024) · European Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.24018/clinicmed.2024.5.4.344
Myastenia Gravis Hastalarında Beslenme Yönetimi: Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri
Güler, M., & Durmaz, S. E. (2025) · Ankara sağlık bilimleri dergisi · doi:10.46971/ausbid.1697769
Wang, J., Duan, H., Zhang, W., Li, H., Yang, Z., Zhang, C., Zhang, S., Guo, J., Ge, J., Wang, F., et al. (2026) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.02363-25
Nutritional Management in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis: Problems, and Solutions
Güler, M., & Durmaz, S. E. (2025) · DergiPark (Istanbul University)
Comprehensive metabolomic characterization of patients with myasthenia gravis
Deng, H., Wang, Y., Yang, X., Qin, J., Liu, J., & Liu, T. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1906581
- Authors
- Rinaldi, E., Consonni, A., Guidesi, E., Elli, M., Mantegazza, R., & Baggi, F.
- Affiliations
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (IT)
- AAT‐Advanced Analytical Technologies Fiorenzuola d'Arda Piacenza Italy
- Corresponding author
- Rinaldi, Elena
- Venue
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-01-17
- Volume
- 1413
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 49-58
- ISSN
- 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-6632
- OpenAlex
- W2789526819
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 0.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Italian Ministry of Health (Project code PE-2011 02346818)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Myasthenia Gravis and Thymoma
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, probiotics, myasthenia gravis, dysbiosis, immunomodulation, autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, commensal bacteria, immune tolerance, adjuvant therapy, animal models
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Immunologic Factors, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis, Symbiosis, Probiotics, Dysbiosis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review