Urban and rural river restoration in France: A typology
Open accessAbstract
River restoration (RR) is widely practiced in both rural and urban contexts by combining various goals and measures. The theoretical discourse on RR not yet adequately reflects this breadth of restoration practice. In this study, we investigated 110 French RR projects implemented between 1980 and 2015. We analyzed projects considering eight key design features, main project motivation, restoration goals, project dates, costs, size, funding, river annual discharge, and implemented evaluation procedures. The study (1) provides a detailed account of the French RR effort, (2) compares restoration efforts in urban and rural contexts, and (3) establishes a RR project typology. The results also show that urban RR comprises a wider range of goals and measures than its rural counterpart, includes restoration of riparian habitats, and integrates ecological and social goals. A hierarchical multiple factor analysis yielded five types of projects, Fish RR (14% of the urban and 53% of the rural projects), Blue RR (4%, 7%), Water Framework Directive RR (36%, 40%), Flood protection RR (14%, 0%), and Human RR (32%, 0%). We suggest that the restoration community needs databases that use a project typology as developed in this study. This approach would take into account the multiple facets of RR projects, enabling more transparency into their communication and allow more suitable project comparisons.
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In the Global South, traditional forms of land-uses, community experiences, and emotional linkages between humans and nature remain often quite vivid in the memory of the people, which can be built upon to re-create the social connectivity of urban rivers.
“In the context of the Global South traditional forms of land-uses, community experiences, emotional linkages between humans and nature, etc., remain often quite vivid in the memory of the people, a situation which can be built upon to re-create the social connectivity of urban rivers [15,16].”
From Urban Stream and Wetland Restoration in the Global South—A DPSIR Analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [16]
Targets of urban river restoration differ from those outside cities by integrating more societal goals and may be part of urban redevelopment.
“In general, the targets of urban river restoration differ from that outside cities by integrating more societal goals [16,18] and they may be part of urban redevelopment.”
From Urban Stream and Wetland Restoration in the Global South—A DPSIR Analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [16]
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“, remain often quite vivid in the memory of the people, a situation which can be built upon to re-create the social connectivity of urban rivers [15,16].”
BackgroundSelf-citationKhirfan, L., Mohtat, N., & Peck, M. (2020) · Water Security · doi:10.1016/j.wasec.2020.100067 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
- Authors
- Zingraff‐Hamed, A., Greulich, S., Pauleit, S., & Wantzen, K. M.
- Affiliations
- Université de Tours (FR)
- Technical University of Munich (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Zingraff‐Hamed, Aude
- Venue
- Restoration Ecology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-05-31
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 994-1004
- ISSN
- 1061-2971 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-100X
- OpenAlex
- W2620281114
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 2.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- mediatum.ub.tum.de
- Licence
- Locations
- Restoration Ecology (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- mediaTUM (Technical University of Munich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Chair for Strategic Landscape Planning and Management of the Technical University of Munich
- CITERES-UMR CNRS 7324
- University of Tours
- Technical University of Munich
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Integrated Water Resources Management
- Keywords
- river restoration, urban rivers, rural rivers, restoration targets, riparian restoration, Water Framework Directive, flood control, fish restoration, France
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