Defeat and Entrapment in Bipolar Disorder: Exploring the Relationship with Suicidal Ideation from a Psychological Theoretical Perspective
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Contemporary psychological theoretical models of suicide hypothesize that defeat and entrapment underlie the development of suicidal ideation. This hypothesis has never been tested in people who experience bipolar disorder. Regression analysis revealed that defeat and entrapment significantly predicted suicidal ideation at 4‐month follow‐up. The relationship between defeat and suicidal ideation was mediated by total entrapment and internal entrapment, but not external entrapment. Results suggest that perceived defeat and entrapment underlie the development of prospective suicidal ideation in bipolar disorder. Findings could potentially improve the assessment of suicide risk in people who experience bipolar disorder.
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Internal entrapment is more strongly associated with suicidal ideation than external entrapment.
“This is consistent with evidence that internal entrapment, defined as a sense of being trapped by one’s own thoughts and feelings (Gilbert and Allan, 1998), is more strongly associated with suicidal ideation than external entrapment, defined as being trapped by external circumstances (Gilbert and Allan, 1998; Rasmussen et al., 2010; Owen et al., 2018; De Beurs et al., 2019).”
From The Psychological Pathway to Suicide Attempts: A Strategy of Control Without Awareness (2021) · cites this paper as Owen et al., 2018
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports that both internal and external entrapment independently predicted prospective suicidal ideation in people with bipolar disorder. Internal entrapment mediated the relationship between defeat and suicidal ideation whereas external entrapment did not, but this does not establish that internal entrapment had a stronger association with suicidal ideation than external entrapment. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDefeat predicted suicidal ideation via entrapment at four-month follow-up in a sample of individuals with bipolar disorder.
“Owen et al. [68] found that defeat predicted suicidal ideation via entrapment at four-month follow-up in a sample of individuals with bipolar disorder”
From The integrated motivational–volitional model of suicidal behaviour (2018) · cites this paper as [68]
Defeat and entrapment both reflect a transdiagnostic psychological mechanism which underlies suicidal ideation, and we suggest that this underlying mechanism is goal conflict.
“Furthermore, there is growing evidence that defeat and entrapment both reflect a transdiagnostic psychological mechanism which underlies suicidal ideation (Griffiths et al., 2015; Owen et al., 2018), and we suggest that this underlying mechanism is goal conflict.”
From The Psychological Pathway to Suicide Attempts: A Strategy of Control Without Awareness (2021) · cites this paper as Owen et al., 2018
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“This is consistent with evidence that internal entrapment, defined as a sense of being trapped by one’s own thoughts and feelings (Gilbert and Allan, 1998), is more strongly associated with suicidal ideation than external entrapment, defined as being trapped by external circumstances (Gilbert and Allan, 1998; Rasmusse…”
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- Authors
- Owen, R., Dempsey, R., Jones, S., & Gooding, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Manchester (GB)
- University of Staffordshire (GB)
- Lancaster University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Gooding, Patricia
- Venue
- Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-03-09
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 116-128
- ISSN
- 0363-0234 (ISSN-L)
- 1943-278X
- OpenAlex
- W2565014817
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 5.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- e-space.mmu.ac.uk
- Locations
- Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Staffordshire Online Repository (Staffordshire University) (acceptedVersion)
- e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University) (submittedVersion)
- Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- bipolar disorder, suicidal ideation, defeat, entrapment, suicide risk assessment, mediation
- MeSH terms
- Suicide Prevention, Adult, Bipolar Disorder, Female, Frustration, United Kingdom, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Preventive Psychiatry, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Suicide, Risk Assessment, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Suicidal Ideation
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