The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 29 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction
Open accessAbstract
Disruption to proteins within the myofibre after a single bout of unaccustomed eccentric exercise is hypothesized to induce delayed onset of muscle soreness and to be associated with an activation of satellite cells. This has been shown in animal models using electrical stimulation but not in humans using voluntary exercise. Untrained males ( n = 8, range 22–27 years) performed 210 maximal eccentric contractions with each leg on an isokinetic dynamometer, voluntarily (VOL) with one leg and electrically induced (ES) with the other leg. Assessments from the skeletal muscle were obtained prior to exercise and at 5, 24, 96 and 192 h postexercise. Muscle tenderness rose in VOL and ES after 24 h, and did not differ between groups. Maximal isometric contraction strength, rate of force development and impulse declined in the VOL leg from 4 h after exercise, but not in ES (except at 24 h). In contrast, a significant disruption of cytoskeletal proteins (desmin) and a rise of myogenic growth factors (myogenin) occurred only in ES. Intracellular disruption and destroyed Z‐lines were markedly more pronounced in ES (40%) compared with VOL (10%). Likewise, the increase in satellite cell markers [neural cell adhesion molecule (N‐CAM) and paired‐box transcription factor (Pax‐7)] was more pronounced in ES versus VOL. Finally, staining of the intramuscular connective tissue (tenascin C) was increased equally in ES and VOL after exercise. The present study demonstrates that in human muscle, the delayed onset of muscle soreness was not significantly different between the two treatments despite marked differences in intramuscular histological markers, in particular myofibre proteins and satellite cell markers. An increase in tenascin C expression in the midbelly of the skeletal muscle in both legs provides further evidence of a potential role for the extracellular matrix in the phenomenon of delayed onset of muscle soreness.
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64 Own result · 33 Own interpretation · 23 Not checked yet · 2 No basis given · 1 Own method
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The percentage of the total muscle area immunoreactive for tenascin C was significantly increased (VOL, 2.0% and ES, 1.4%) in both legs from 24 h postexercise.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Extracellular matrix
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Baseline histological and molecular characteristics are equivalent between the two legs, even though the baseline biopsy was taken from only one leg.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast, the stimulated leg showed gross myofibre protein changes, with significant increases in desmin-negative, dystrophin-negative and vimentin-positive myofibres.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Myofibre proteins
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Baseline histological and molecular characteristics are equivalent between the two legs, even though the baseline biopsy was taken from only one leg.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast, the ES leg demonstrated a significant increase in myogenin expression at 192 h postexercise when compared with the baseline sample and the corresponding time point in the VOL leg (Fig. 12).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Satellite cell markers
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Baseline histological and molecular characteristics are equivalent between the two legs, even though the baseline biopsy was taken from only one leg.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the percentage of fully destroyed Z-lines in the ES leg was significantly greater at 24 and 96 h postexercise when compared with baseline and the VOL leg (Fig. 5C).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Electron microscopy
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Baseline histological and molecular characteristics are equivalent between the two legs, even though the baseline biopsy was taken from only one leg.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A significant increase in cells positive for N-CAM was found in the histological sections taken from all subjects, at 96 and 192 h postexercise in both legs (Fig. 10).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Satellite cell markers
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Baseline histological and molecular characteristics are equivalent between the two legs, even though the baseline biopsy was taken from only one leg.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Maximal isometric quadriceps strength (MVC) was 16, 25 and 8% reduced in the VOL leg at 4, 24 and 96 h, respectively.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Force data
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Baseline histological and molecular characteristics are equivalent between the two legs, even though the baseline biopsy was taken from only one leg.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the VOL leg, a significant decrease in intact Z-lines was observed at 5, 24 and 192 h postexercise when compared with baseline (Fig. 5A).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Electron microscopy
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Baseline histological and molecular characteristics are equivalent between the two legs, even though the baseline biopsy was taken from only one leg.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No significant increase above baseline was noted in the MyoD expression in the VOL and ES leg at any time point analysed (data not shown).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Satellite cell markers
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Baseline histological and molecular characteristics are equivalent between the two legs, even though the baseline biopsy was taken from only one leg.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A significant difference was noted between the two groups at 192 h postexercise; however, this can be attributed to the marked muscle fibre necrosis noted in the ES leg at this time”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Extracellular matrix
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Baseline histological and molecular characteristics are equivalent between the two legs, even though the baseline biopsy was taken from only one leg.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The pattern of Pax-7 expression did not resemble that of N-CAM expression.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Satellite cell markers
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Baseline histological and molecular characteristics are equivalent between the two legs, even though the baseline biopsy was taken from only one leg.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 41
- Probably not a substantial claim. 12
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Likewise, RFD 100 was suppressed at 4, 24 and 96 h in VOL, with no change in ES (Table 2 and Fig. 4).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Force data
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Baseline histological and molecular characteristics are equivalent between the two legs, even though the baseline biopsy was taken from only one leg.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was a corresponding significant increase in the percentage of Z-lines disrupted at 5 and 24 h postexercise (Fig. 5B) and a small but significant increase in fully destroyed Z-lines at 24 h postexercise (Fig. 5C).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Electron microscopy
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Baseline histological and molecular characteristics are equivalent between the two legs, even though the baseline biopsy was taken from only one leg.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast, MVC remained unchanged in the ES leg, except at 24 h, when MVC decreased by 13.3% in ES (Table 2 and Fig. 4).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Force data
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Baseline histological and molecular characteristics are equivalent between the two legs, even though the baseline biopsy was taken from only one leg.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rapid muscle force capacity (RFD 50 ) was 20 and 45% reduced at 4 and 24 h in VOL, respectively, but unaffected in ES (Table 2 and Fig. 4).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Force data
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Baseline histological and molecular characteristics are equivalent between the two legs, even though the baseline biopsy was taken from only one leg.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Indications from both staining techniques did suggest a preferential type II fibre disruption, but this cannot be confirmed.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Quadriceps knee extension moment of force (peak moment, average moment in total range of motion), power (peak power, mean power) and contractile work during the 210 eccentric loading contractions were substantially greater for the voluntarily activated leg (VOL) than the electrostimulated leg (ES; P < 0.0001; Table 1).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Force data
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Baseline histological and molecular characteristics are equivalent between the two legs, even though the baseline biopsy was taken from only one leg.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The percentage of disrupted Z-lines was significantly higher at 24 and 96 h postexercise when compared with baseline and at 96 h postexercise when compared with the VOL leg (Fig. 5B).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Electron microscopy
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Baseline histological and molecular characteristics are equivalent between the two legs, even though the baseline biopsy was taken from only one leg.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When all eccentric loading trials at fast speed (180 deg s -1 ) were averaged, quadriceps moment, power and work in ES amounted to 14-27, 19-27 and 16-17%, respectively, of that generated during VOL (Table 1).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Force data
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Baseline histological and molecular characteristics are equivalent between the two legs, even though the baseline biopsy was taken from only one leg.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the ES leg, there was a significant decrease in intact Z-lines at 5, 24 and 96 h postexercise when compared with baseline and at 96 h when compared with the VOL leg (Fig. 5A).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Electron microscopy
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Baseline histological and molecular characteristics are equivalent between the two legs, even though the baseline biopsy was taken from only one leg.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, myofibre necrosis was evident in the ES leg but not in the VOL leg, as reflected by an increase in CD68+ reactive macrophages within the desmin-negative myofibres of the ES leg (data not shown).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Myofibre proteins
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Baseline histological and molecular characteristics are equivalent between the two legs, even though the baseline biopsy was taken from only one leg.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No evidence of desmin-negative, dystrophin-negative or vimentin-positive myofibres was evident in the voluntarily activated leg at any time point tested (Figs 7 and 8).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Myofibre proteins
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Baseline histological and molecular characteristics are equivalent between the two legs, even though the baseline biopsy was taken from only one leg.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast, relative RFD remained unchanged in ES except at 96 h, when it increased (by ∼10%).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Force data
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Baseline histological and molecular characteristics are equivalent between the two legs, even though the baseline biopsy was taken from only one leg.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the VOL leg, the magnitude of contractile impulse in the most initial contraction phase (IMP 50 ) was 25 and 40% reduced at 4 and 24 h (Table 2), respectively, and also reduced at 24 h when the latter phase of rising muscle force (IMP 100 ) was included (Table 2).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Force data
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Baseline histological and molecular characteristics are equivalent between the two legs, even though the baseline biopsy was taken from only one leg.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interestingly, two individuals showed tenascin C staining as early as 5 h postexercise in the VOL leg.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Extracellular matrix
plainn = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Baseline histological and molecular characteristics are equivalent between the two legs, even though the baseline biopsy was taken from only one leg.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When all eccentric loading trials at slow speed (30 deg s -1 ) were averaged, quadriceps moment, power and work in ES amounted to 11-13, 6-13 and 11-12%, respectively, of that generated during VOL (Table 1).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Force data
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Baseline histological and molecular characteristics are equivalent between the two legs, even though the baseline biopsy was taken from only one leg.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“electrically in the present study, 13.7 ± 4.5% of the myofibres were desmin negative, with the peak observed at 192 h postexercise.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, in two subjects, detection of tenascin C was seen as early as 5 h postexercise, with the significant increase in expression commencing 24 h after the exercise bout.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
plaindirectn = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of interest is the number of satellite cells at 192 h postexercise following ES that expressed the different satellite cell markers: 22% expressed N-CAM; 7% Pax-7; and 14% expressed myogenin.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Disruptions to the ECM were noted in this study, as evidenced by an increase the number of CD68+ immunoreactive macrophages in the ECM in both legs, with a slightly higher response seen in the VOL muscle at 24 h postexercise.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mechanical muscle function was markedly impaired in response to the eccentric voluntary contractions, while electrical stimulation only affected the relative MVC measurements.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interestingly, in the present study, despite gross morphological changes only being present within the myofibres of the electrically stimulated leg, the ectopic tenascin C immunoreactivity increased to a similar extent in muscle biopsies taken from both legs.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No significant difference was found between the two treatments; however, a significant time effect was noted (P < 0.05).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast, the leg that was activated with electrical stimulation exhibited dramatic myofibre necrosis accompanied by a significant increase in mononuclear cells lying in the satellite cell position that expressed N-CAM and Pax-7 at 96 h postexercise, while all satellite cell markers (N-CAM, Pax-7 and myogenin) were increased 192 h postexercise.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No significant difference was noted between the two groups.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Conclusions
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most importantly, a loss of cell integrity did not occur and an inflammatory cell invasion was not evident.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It has previously been suggested that animal studies may not correlate well to those in humans, since the amount of exercise is typically more severe than that seen in human studies (Wackerhage, 2003).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wackerhage, 2003
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“It is believed that electrical stimulation either reverses the recruitment pattern of the myofibre types or produces a non-selective, spatially fixed and temporally synchronous stimulation of the myofibres (Kim et al. 1995;Gregory & Bickel, 2005).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Kim et al. 1995 source
- Not checked yetcites Gregory & Bickel, 2005
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Unfortunately, the staining within the disrupted fibres was not consistent with the myosin ATPase stain to enable the affected fibre to be classified, and we were not confident that the epitope was intact to enable accurate determination of the fibre type through immunohistochemistry.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This means that the overall contractile capacity of the quadriceps probably was more severely affected in the VOL leg compared with the ES leg, and therefore the decrements during the maximal voluntary test contractions were most compromised in that leg.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“It is known that bradykinin and other inflammatory mediators can interact with nociceptors in the muscle to trigger the pain response (Graven-Nielsen & Mense, 2001;Rosendal et al. 2005).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Graven-Nielsen & Mense, 2001;Rosendal et al. 2005
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Previous reports has shown a significant increase in blood and interstitial bradykinin and/or prostaglandin in human skeletal muscle and the Achilles tendon early after a single bout of exercise (Blais et al. 1999;Langberg et al. 2002Langberg et al. , 2003)).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Blais et al. 1999;Langberg et al. 2002Langberg et al. , 2003
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All muscle groups responsible for a lower limb eccentric contraction would have been activated in the VOL exercise conditions and would therefore have experienced DOMS.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Tenascin C is an adhesion-modulating ECM molecule that is not normally produced by fibroblasts in the endomysium along muscle fibres, except for those fibres close to the myotendinous junction (Järvinen et al. 1999(Järvinen et al. , 2000)).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Järvinen et al. 1999(Järvinen et al. , 2000) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The voluntary exercise therefore represents the physiological responses of skeletal muscle in the lower limb to high-intensity eccentric exercise, whereas electrical stimulation results in muscle fibre necrosis and subsequent regeneration of that tissue.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Conclusions
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The Pax-7 and N-CAM are expressed in activated SC; however, the Pax-7 appears to be switched off in the satellite cells that continue through to terminal differentiation (MPC).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Zammit et al. (2004)
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This preferential decrease in rapid muscle force characteristics (RFD, impulse) further suggests that the stiffness of cellular mechanotransduction pathways (serial and/or lateral) was reduced following the eccentric exercise, possibly owing to changes in cytoskeletal integrity (discussed above).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We hypothesize that the eccentric contractions induced tears within the ECM and resulted in an increase in interstitial inflammatory mediators and that these triggered the nociceptor response within the muscle.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
hedgeddirect- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In contrast, the tibialis anterior of the rat showed 1.7% desmin-negative fibres and the peak was 12 h postexercise.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Barash et al. 2002;Peters et al. 2003
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The disruption in the Z-lines did occur earlier than previously reported by Yu et al. (2004); however, this is most likely due to the different collection times used in both studies.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Yu et al. (2004)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, only those muscles lying under the electrodes would have been contracted during the ES exercise, thus sparing other muscle groups from DOMS and enabling them to participate fully in the mechanical tests postexercise.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Previously, we have shown that a single bout of high-intensity exercise was sufficient to increase the number of satellite cells expressing both N-CAM and the fetal antigen 1 proteins but that myogenin expression remained unchanged (Crameri et al. 2004b).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Crameri et al. 2004b
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The growth factors myogenic factor 5 (Myf5), MyoD, myogenin and myogenic regulatory factor 4 (Mrf4) are then expressed at varying stages throughout the activation and differentiation cycle as depicted.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Zammit et al. (2004)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, if the recruitment pattern during the electrical stimulation causes an early activation of type IIX fibres there is a greater potential for myofibre damage, as was seen in the present study in the ES muscle biopsies.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The difference in myofibre damage between ES and VOL is due to differences in muscle activation pattern rather than the large difference in mechanical force or work between the two modes.
In the paper
“It has been shown that tenascin C expression in skeletal muscle is regulated by mechanical stress, inflammation, or a combination of the two (Mackie et al. 1988;Mackie & Tucker, 1999;Järvinen et al. 2000Järvinen et al. , 2003;;Chiquet et al. 2004;Sarasa-Renedo & Chiquet, 2005).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Mackie et al. 1988;Mackie & Tucker, 1999;Järvinen et al. 2000Järvinen et al. , 2003
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“It has previously been hypothesized that the ECM may play a role in the onset of the muscle tenderness after a single bout of eccentric exercise (Stauber et al. 1990;Crameri et al. 2004c;Malm et al. 2004).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Stauber et al. 1990;Crameri et al. 2004c;Malm et al. 2004
hedgedconditional- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although acute physiological loading can activate satellite cells, only a marked disruption to the myofibre proteins, leading to inflammatory cell invasion within the myofibre, induced terminal differentiation within the affected myofibre in human skeletal musculature following high-intensity eccentric contractions in the lower limb.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Conclusions
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this study, we show that while satellite cells can be activated after a single bout of intense exercise, terminal differentiation seldom occurs without the presence of myofibre necrosis.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is likely that the non-uniform activation of muscle that occurs with voluntary eccentric contractions protects against cytoskeletal damage, in contrast to electrically stimulated activity, and that this explains the conflicting findings between isolated animal models using electrical stimulation and human studies using voluntary exercise.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Conclusions
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that in the lower limbs of humans, muscle contractions derived from an artificial electrical impulse induce disruption of the myofibre proteins and result in terminal satellite cell differentiation following high-intensity eccentric contractions.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Conclusions
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The present study demonstrates that in human muscle, the delayed onset of muscle soreness was not significantly different between the two treatments despite marked differences in intramuscular histological markers, in particular myofibre proteins and satellite cell markers.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Abstract
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Baseline histological and molecular characteristics are equivalent between the two legs, even though the baseline biopsy was taken from only one leg.
The paper relies on this without support.
Baseline histological and molecular characteristics are equivalent between the two legs, even though the baseline biopsy was taken from only one leg.
“Muscle samples were taken randomly from one leg 48 h prior to the exercise bout (baseline) and from both legs 5, 24, 96 and 192 h after the exercise bout.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Electrical stimulation in this study represents the electrical stimulation used in previous animal studies.
“electrical muscle stimulation (representing that of previous animal studies)”
The paper relies on this without support.
The difference in myofibre damage between ES and VOL is due to differences in muscle activation pattern rather than the large difference in mechanical force or work between the two modes.
“Quadriceps knee extension moment of force (peak moment, average moment in total range of motion), power (peak power, mean power) and contractile work during the 210 eccentric loading contractions were substantially greater for the voluntarily activated leg (VOL) than the electrostimulated leg (ES; P < 0.0001; Table 1).”
The paper relies on this without support.
The extracellular matrix transfers up to 70% of the force produced by the myofibre.
“Since the ECM is known to transfer up to 70% of muscle force produced by the myofibre”
The paper relies on this without support.
The mass distribution, fibre pennation angle and fibre length are about the same for all quadriceps compartments.
“Given that the mass distribution of 34%, the fibre pennation angle and the fibre length are about the same for all the quadriceps compartments”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“more sensitive to detect acute and chronic changes in neuromuscular function (see, e.g., Angelozzi et al. 2012; Crameri et al. 2007; Jenkins et al. 2014b; Penailillo et al. 2015)”
From Rate of force development: physiological and methodological considerations (2016) · cites this paper as Crameri et al. 2007
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
“Firstly, it was demonstrated that significant damage to the Z-lines and myofibre proteins was present in the skeletal muscle biopsies taken from the ES leg but not the VOL leg.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Electron microscopy
“There was a corresponding significant increase in the percentage of Z-lines disrupted at 5 and 24 h postexercise (Fig. 5B) and a small but significant increase in fully destroyed Z-lines at 24 h postexercise (Fig. 5C).”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Force data
“Likewise, RFD 100 was suppressed at 4, 24 and 96 h in VOL, with no change in ES (Table 2 and Fig. 4).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Electron microscopy
“RFD 100 (N m kg -1 ) VOL 18.6 ± 3.1 15.6 ± 1.9 * 12.2 ± 4.0 * 16.1 ± 2.9 14.0 ± 4.8 *”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Force data
“Relative RFD was 18 and 24% reduced in the VOL leg at 24 and 48 h, respectively (Fig. 4).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Electron microscopy
“Table 2. Change in contractile muscle function induced by 210 eccentric muscle contractions using either VOL or ES muscle fibre activation 0 h 4 h 24 h 96 h 192 h”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
“the leg that was activated with electrical stimulation exhibited dramatic myofibre necrosis accompanied by a significant increase in mononuclear cells lying in the satellite cell position that expressed N-CAM and Pax-7 at 96 h postexercise”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Satellite cell markers
“The ES leg showed a significantly elevated expression of Pax-7 at 192 h only when compared with the control sample and the VOL leg (Fig. 11).”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Conclusions
“Figure 7.A significant increase in the number of desminnegative myofibres was noted in both the ES and the VOL leg at 24, 96 and 192 h postexercise when compared with the baseline sample”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Myofibre proteins
“No evidence of desmin-negative, dystrophin-negative or vimentin-positive myofibres was evident in the voluntarily activated leg at any time point tested (Figs 7 and 8).”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“Mean power (W kg -1 ) 1.18 ± 0.12 0.14 ± 0.07 5.9%”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Force data
Reported 5.9 · recomputed 11.864407
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Force data
“impulse was not significantly different in ES, except for IMP 50 which curiously increased (by ∼10%) at 96 h.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Electron microscopy
“IMP 50 (N m kg -1 s × 10 -3 ) VOL 26.6 ± 5.8 19.5 ± 4.8 * 16.6 ± 8.2 * 23.5 ± 7.1 22.1 ± 11.1 ES 20.8 ± 8.1 20.0 ± 5.2 22.8 ± 7.3 22.3 ± 11.1 24.6 ± 9.1 *”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
“Both the VOL and ES legs showed significant reductions in MVC, 4 and 24 h postexercise”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Electron microscopy
“The MVC tended to decrease in ES at 24 h (P = 0.06).”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Discussion
“In the leg that underwent voluntary exercise, we noted an increased expression at 96 and 192 h postexercise of N-CAM and Pax-7 in mononuclear cells lying in the satellite cell position.”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Satellite cell markers
“A significant increase in Pax-7 expression was only observed at 96 h postexercise in the VOL leg.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Force data
“In contrast, relative RFD remained unchanged in ES except at 96 h, when it increased (by ∼10%).”
§ Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction > Electron microscopy
“RFD 1/6 (%MVC s -1 ) VOL 524 ± 96 426 ± 71 * 380 ± 186 * 487 ± 123 463 ± 193 ES 444 ± 116 434 ± 87 467 ± 146 494 ± 200 516 ± 168 * RFD 1/2 (%MVC s -1 ) VOL 524 ± 96 426 ± 71 * 380 ± 186 * 487 ± 123 463 ± 193 ES 562 ± 280 559 ± 223 582 ± 263 579 ± 294 674 ± 245 *”
Citations
Cites
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Self-citationProske, U., & Morgan, D. L. (2001) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.00333.x · Cited by 1,418
Muscle function after exercise-induced muscle damage and rapid adaptation
CLARKSON, P. M., NOSAKA, K., & BRAUN, B. (1992) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-199205000-00004 · Cited by 970 · cited 2×
“…process in the epimysium of the exercised skeletal muscle occurs in the days following a single bout of eccentric exercise and that this, rather than or in combination with myofibrillar damage, is suggested to cause the DOMS (Clarkson et al. 1992; Crameri et al. 2004b; Malm et al. 2004).”
BackgroundMuscle satellite cells adopt divergent fates
Zammit, P. S., Golding, J. P., Nagata, Y., Hudon, V., Partridge, T. A., & Beauchamp, J. R. (2004) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200312007 · Cited by 924
New insights into the behavior of muscle during active lengthening
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Recruitment Patterns in Human Skeletal Muscle During Electrical Stimulation
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Pax7 and myogenic progression in skeletal muscle satellite cells
Zammit, P. S., Relaix, F., Nagata, Y., Ruiz, A. P., Collins, C. A., Partridge, T. A., & Beauchamp, J. R. (2006) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.02908 · Cited by 614
Miller, B. F., Olesen, J. L., Hansen, M., Døssing, S., Crameri, R. M., Welling, R. J., Langberg, H., Flyvbjerg, A., Kjaer, M., Babraj, J. A., et al. (2005) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2005.093690 · Cited by 610
Self-citationOlguín, H. C., & Olwin, B. B. (2004) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.08.015 · Cited by 573
Induction of tenascin in healing wounds
Mackie, E. J., Halfter, W., & Liverani, D. (1988) · The Journal of cell biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.107.6.2757 · Cited by 555
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Rate of force development: physiological and methodological considerations
Maffiuletti, N. A., Aagaard, P., Blazevich, A. J., Folland, J., Tillin, N., & Duchateau, J. (2016) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-016-3346-6 · Cited by 1,424
“2013a), (2) more sensitive to detect acute and chronic changes in neuromuscular function (see, e.g., Angelozzi et al. 2012; Crameri et al. 2007; Jenkins et al. 2014b; Penailillo et al. 2015) and (3) potentially governed by different physiological mechanisms (see, e.”
BackgroundSelf-citationBiochemical markers of muscular damage
Brancaccio, P., Lippi, G., & Maffulli, N. (2010) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm.2010.179 · Cited by 844
Muscle damage and inflammation during recovery from exercise.
Peake, J., Neubauer, O., Gatta, P. D. D., & Nosaka, K. (2016) · Journal of applied physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00971.2016 · Cited by 740
“Despite recovery of muscle function within 2 days, Crameri et al. (21) observed an accumulation of CD68 macrophages in the endomysium and perimysium regions of muscle after unilateral, maximal eccentric muscle contractions of the knee extensors.”
BackgroundInfluentialCsapo, R., Gumpenberger, M., & Wessner, B. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00253 · Cited by 458
“Interestingly, Crameri et al. (2004, 2007) also reported an increase in tenascin C, a glycoprotein present in the ECM that is assumed to direct cell migration following injury, irrespective of whether muscle damage was induced by voluntary or electrically induced muscle damage.”
BackgroundSaclier, M., Yacoub‐Youssef, H., Mackey, A. L., Arnold, L., Ardjoune, H., Magnan, M., Sailhan, F., Chelly, J., Pavlath, G. K., Mounier, R., et al. (2012) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1002/stem.1288 · Cited by 446
“proliferation of satellite cells, and the presence of myofibres positive for embryonic myosin (17-20).”
InfluentialSelf-citationEccentric Muscle Contractions: Risks and Benefits
Hody, S., Croisier, J., Bury, T., Rogister, B., & Leprince, P. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00536 · Cited by 475
Satellite cells in human skeletal muscle plasticity
Snijders, T., Nederveen, J. P., McKay, B. R., Joanisse, S., Verdijk, L. B., van Loon, L. J. C., & Parise, G. (2015) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2015.00283 · Cited by 381
Damas, F., Phillips, S. M., Libardi, C. A., Vechin, F. C., Lixandrão, M. E., Jannig, P. R., Costa, L. A. R., Bacurau, A. V., Snijders, T., Parise, G., et al. (2016) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp272472 · Cited by 353
“Accordingly, the magnitude of changes in indirect markers are representative of mild-to-moderate damage (Paulsen et al. 2012) and are not indicative of loss of myofibrillar proteins (Stupka et al. 2001; Yu & Thornell, 2002; Crameri et al. 2004, 2007; Corona et al. 2010; Murphy et al. 2013).”
BackgroundStimuli and sensors that initiate skeletal muscle hypertrophy following resistance exercise
Wackerhage, H., Schoenfeld, B. J., Hamilton, D. L., Lehti, M., & Hulmi, J. J. (2019) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00685.2018 · Cited by 357
Lengthening our perspective: Morphological, cellular, and molecular responses to eccentric exercise
Hyldahl, R. D., & Hubal, M. J. (2014) · Muscle and Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.24077 · Cited by 343
“Furthermore, recent data suggest that experimental animal models that rely on electrical stimulation to induce eccentric actions may not be physiologically representative of damage induced by voluntary contractions in humans.(22)”
BackgroundInfluentialEccentric Exercise: Physiological Characteristics and Acute Responses
Douglas, J. M., Pearson, S. N., Ross, A., & McGuigan, M. R. (2016) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0624-8 · Cited by 312
Molecular aging and rejuvenation of human muscle stem cells
Carlson, M. E., Suetta, C., Conboy, M. J., Aagaard, P., Mackey, A., Kjaer, M., & Conboy, I. (2009) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1002/emmm.200900045 · Cited by 245
“…contractile work in the range of motion (908 to 108, 08¼ full knee extension) was determined as the time-integral of contractile power production, where power was calculated by the instantaneous product of muscle torque and joint angular speed, the latter expressed in radians (Crameri et al, 2007).”
MethodSelf-citationThe impact of sarcopenia and exercise training on skeletal muscle satellite cells
Snijders, T., Verdijk, L. B., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2009) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2009.05.003 · Cited by 254
“This is in line with recent in vivo data by Crameri et al. (2007), who suggested that the increase in Pax7 expression following electrical stimulation is associated with part of the SC pool returning to quiescence.”
BackgroundResultKragstrup, T. W., Kjær, M., & Mackey, A. L. (2011) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01377.x · Cited by 244
“Tenascin-C deficient has shown to be strongly upregulated at the protein and gene level in heavily loaded human and animal muscle (Fluck et al., 2000; Crameri et al., 2007; Mikkelsen et al., 2009; Mackey et al., 2011) and around atrophying type II fibers (Schoser et al., 1999).”
BackgroundSelf-citationA transitional extracellular matrix instructs cell behavior during muscle regeneration
Calve, S., Odelberg, S. J., & Simon, H. (2010) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.05.007 · Cited by 234
“In this context, it is of great interest that the expression of TN within the interstitial ECM of these damaged muscle fibers was significantly increased (Crameri et al., 2007; Fluck et al., 2003; Huijbregts et al., 2001).”
BackgroundComparison in eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage among four limb muscles
Chen, T. C., Lin, K.-Y., Chen, H.-L., Lin, M.-J., & Nosaka, K. (2010) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-010-1648-7 · Cited by 236
“…in the dependent variables following eccentric exercise of the KF with those reported after eccentric exercise of the KE in previous studies (Crameri et al. 2007; Dudley et al. 1997) that showed greater changes in muscle damage markers than those of the present study, it appears that the…”
MethodResultInfluentialRodríguez‐Rosell, D., Pareja‐Blanco, F., Aagaard, P., & González‐Badillo, J. J. (2017) · Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging · doi:10.1111/cpf.12495 · Cited by 245
“In addition, RFD has been shown to be a sensitive indirect marker of acute muscle damage (Crameri et al., 2007; Penailillo et al., 2015; Farup et al., 2016; Mackey et al., 2016; Oliveira et al., 2016) and exercise-induced neuromuscular fatigue (Thorlund et al., 2008).”
BackgroundSelf-citationStrength Training Improves Upper-Limb Function in Individuals With Stroke
Harris, J. E., & Eng, J. J. (2009) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.109.567438 · Cited by 221
Time Course of Leukocyte Accumulation in Human Muscle after Eccentric Exercise
Paulsen, G., Crameri, R. M., Benestad, H. B., Fjeld, J. G., Mørkrid, L., Hallén, J., & Raastad, T. (2009) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181ac7adb · Cited by 219
“Among 11 publications (4,7,10,12, 14,16,22,24,25,28,44) reporting on biopsies obtained in the first hour after muscle-damaging exercise (0–6 h), a significant increase in the numbers of leukocytes was only observed in two (10,16).”
Self-citationKanda, K., Sugama, K., Hayashida, H., Sakuma, J., Kawakami, Y., Miura, S., Yoshioka, H., Mori, Y., & Suzuki, K. (2026) · PubMed · doi:10.22029/eir.2013.1679 · Cited by 201
Eccentric Exercise Training: Modalities, Applications and Perspectives
Isner-Horobeti, M.-È., Dufour, S. P., Vautravers, P., Gény, B., Coudeyre, E., & Richard, R. (2013) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-013-0052-y · Cited by 201
Murase, S., Terazawa, E., Queme, L. F., Ota, H., Matsuda, T., Hirate, K., Kozaki, Y., Katanosaka, K., Taguchi, T., Urai, H., et al. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3803-09.2010 · Cited by 189
“Furthermore, Crameri et al. (2007) reported that there was no correlation between increases of destroyed Z-lines or macrophages in the muscle and muscle tenderness in humans.”
BackgroundMadeleine, P. (2010) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02145.x · Cited by 202
“Repetitive eccentric contractions at high level cause delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) manifested by mechanical muscle hyperalgesia, occasional resting pain and altered motor control (Bajaj et al. 2002, Nie et al. 2005, Kawczynski et al. 2007).”
ResultInfluentialMikkelsen, U. R., Langberg, H., Helmark, I. C., Skovgaard, D., Andersen, L. L., Kjær, M., & Mackey, A. L. (2009) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00707.2009 · Cited by 185
Self-citationMackey, A. L., Brandstetter, S., Schjerling, P., Bojsen‐Møller, J., Qvortrup, K., Pedersen, M. M., Doessing, S., Kjær, M., Magnusson, S. P., & Langberg, H. (2011) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.10-176487 · Cited by 171
“Tenascin C, belonging to the matricellular class of ECM proteins (26), has been reported to demonstrate dramatic responses in skeletal muscle subjected to unaccustomed exercise (4, 27, 28) and indeed to be essential for full-scale muscle injury repair, providing deadhesive effects and potentially a coordinating role a…”
BackgroundSelf-citationResistance training in patients with single, large-scale deletions of mitochondrial DNA
Murphy, J. L., Blakely, E. L., Schaefer, A. M., He, L., Wyrick, P. S., Haller, R. G., Taylor, R. W., Turnbull, D. M., & Taivassalo, T. (2008) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awn252 · Cited by 164
“…eccentric muscle contraction, an idea consistent with recent data showing greater satellite cell activation and more complete muscle regeneration after an acute bout of electrical eccentric stimulation compared with voluntary eccentric exercise in healthy human lower limb (Crameri et al., 2007).”
Assessment of satellite cell number and activity status in human skeletal muscle biopsies
Mackey, A. L., Kjær, M., Charifi, N., Henriksson, J., Bojsen‐Møller, J., Holm, L., & Kadi, F. (2009) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.21369 · Cited by 162
“human muscle cross-sections.(7,31) It is likely that CD56 and Pax7 label the majority of satellite cells, although this remains to be confirmed.”
BackgroundSelf-citationMcKay, B. R., O'Reilly, C. E., Phillips, S. M., Tarnopolsky, M. A., & Parise, G. (2008) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2008.160176 · Cited by 163
“Although exercise has been used to examine MRF gene expression in humans (Psilander et al. 2003; Bickel et al. 2005; Yang et al. 2005; Crameri et al. 2007), there is a paucity of information on the time course of MRF expression following contraction-induced muscle damage.”
BackgroundToth, K., McKay, B. R., Lisio, M. D., Little, J. P., Tarnopolsky, M. A., & Parise, G. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017392 · Cited by 159
“development and muscle adaptation following exercise [7–15], the cellular regulation of human muscle SC function remains largely”
BackgroundDelayed onset muscle soreness: Involvement of neurotrophic factors
Mizumura, K., & Taguchi, T. (2015) · The Journal of Physiological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12576-015-0397-0 · Cited by 152
“It has been shown that lengthening exercise with voluntary contraction induces less muscle damage than contraction induced by electrical stimulation by use of a surface electrode, although the level of soreness was approximately the same [24].”
Stožer, A., Vodopivc, P., & Bombek, L. K. (2020) · Physiological Research · doi:10.33549/physiolres.934371 · Cited by 182
Muscle damage and muscle remodeling: no pain, no gain?
Flann, K. L., LaStayo, P. C., McClain, D. A., Hazel, M., & Lindstedt, S. L. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.050112 · Cited by 133
“Indeed, high-force lengthening (eccentric) forces often result in muscle ultrastructural damage (Ebbeling and Clarkson, 1989; Newham, 1988) – however, these need not cause muscle damage (Crameri et al., 2007).”
BackgroundStarring or supporting role? Satellite cells and skeletal muscle fiber size regulation
Murach, K. A., Fry, C. S., Kirby, T. J., Jackson, J. R., Lee, J. D., White, S. H., Dupont-Versteegden, E. E., McCarthy, J. J., & Peterson, C. A. (2018) · Physiology · doi:10.1152/physiol.00019.2017 · Cited by 137
“Numerous human investigations have since reported satellite cell expansion with acute and chronic resistance exercise (12, 14, 32, 33, 39, 50, 73, 102, 103, 110, 113, 123, 130, 139, 149, 159, 174, 190), as well as increased myonuclear density when muscle fibers hypertrophy (14, 50, 78, 79, 132, 139, 140, 173).”
BackgroundFatouros, I., & Jamurtas, A. (2016) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s114635 · Cited by 116
“Moreover, protocols using electrical stimulation on animals to simulate eccentric contractions, although useful to study molecular mechanisms underlying EIMD, may not be physiologically relevant to that produced by humans.(32) Electron microscopy revealed that EIMD is characterized by extensive fiber necrosis, Z-line…”
Human skeletal muscle fibroblasts stimulate in vitro myogenesis and in vivo muscle regeneration
Mackey, A. L., Magnan, M., Chazaud, B., & Kjær, M. (2017) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp273997 · Cited by 127
“…muscle has been documented, with peak numbers observed about 7–8 days following injury and a residual elevation evident 30 days following injury (Crameri et al. 2007; Mackey et al. 2011, 2016), the fibroblast content of human skeletal muscle both at rest and during regeneration remains unknown.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationRate of force development as a measure of muscle damage
Peñailillo, L., Blazevich, A. J., Numazawa, H., & Nosaka, K. (2014) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12241 · Cited by 134
“For example, Crameri et al. (2007) reported 23–43% decrease in RFD0–50 at 4 h and 1 day after exercise and 16–34% decrease in RFD0–100 at 4 h, 1 and 8 days after eccentric exercise of the knee extensors.”
BackgroundInfluentialRegenerative function of immune system: Modulation of muscle stem cells
Saini, J., McPhee, J. S., Al-Dabbagh, S., Stewart, C. E., & Al‐Shanti, N. (2016) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2016.03.006 · Cited by 130
Robinson, M. M., Turner, S., Hellerstein, M. K., Hamilton, K. L., & Miller, B. F. (2011) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.11-186437 · Cited by 128
“Although lengthening contractions may stimulate inflammatory responses, it is very difficult to demonstrate skeletal muscle damage with voluntary lengthening contractions in human subjects (53).”
BackgroundLauritzen, F., Paulsen, G., Raastad, T., Bergersen, L. H., & Owe, S. G. (2009) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00148.2009 · Cited by 126
Espino-González, E., Dalbram, E., Mounier, R., Gondin, J., Farup, J., Jessen, N., & Treebak, J. T. (2024) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2024.02.014 · Cited by 141
The breaking and making of healthy adult human skeletal muscle in vivo
Mackey, A. L., & Kjær, M. (2017) · Skeletal Muscle · doi:10.1186/s13395-017-0142-x · Cited by 116
“In contrast to this, the use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in conjunction with forced lengthening contractions has been shown to be effective in inducing myofibre necrosis in human skeletal muscle, with concomitant proliferation of satellite cells and infiltration of macrophages [11].”
Self-citationSatellite Cells Contribution to Exercise Mediated Muscle Hypertrophy and Repair.
Bazgir, B., Fathi, R., Valojerdi, M. R., Mozdziak, P. E., & Asgari, A. (2017) · PubMed Central · doi:10.22074/cellj.2016.4714 · Cited by 124
“%) subjects 24 hours after maximal knee extensor muscle ECCRE (92 repetitions).”
BackgroundGrüber, M., Linnamo, V., Strojnik, V., et al. (2009) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.91104.2008 · Cited by 113
Muscle Pain: Understanding the Mechanisms
Mense, S., & Gerwin, R. D. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-85021-2 · Cited by 120
Granic, A., Suetterlin, K., Shavlakadze, T., Grounds, M. D., & Sayer, A. A. (2023) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20230319 · Cited by 124
“…in human muscles in vivo even when applying damaging eccentric exercise (reviewed in [22]), a group in Copenhagen established an experimental model to induce myonecrosis/regeneration in humans in response to physiological overload using electrically stimulated eccentric contractions [209].”
BackgroundKadi, F., & Ponsot, E. (2009) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00966.x · Cited by 118
“…in satellite cell number has been reported during exercise protocols causing disruption to proteins within the myofiber after voluntary or electrically induced maximal eccentric contractions in young or elderly individuals (Crameri et al., 2004, 2007; Dreyer et al., 2006; O’Reilly et al., 2008).”
BackgroundJubeau, M., Sartório, A., Marinone, P. G., et al. (2007) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00335.2007 · Cited by 112
“Several studies have reported that muscle contractions induced by NMES result in muscle damage (6, 12, 26, 29, 31); however, this was the first study to report serum CK activity and muscle soreness after NMES compared with voluntary isometric contractions of equivalent force output.”
ResultMuscle damage induced by electrical stimulation
Nosaka, K., Aldayel, A. A., Jubeau, M., & Chen, T. C. (2011) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-011-2086-x · Cited by 111
“Crameri et al. (2007) suggested the possibility that the extracellular matrix plays a role in the force decrement and muscle tenderness, and that the speciWc recruitment pattern with ES would cause greater cytoskeletal damage.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialO'Reilly, C., McKay, B. R., Phillips, S. M., Tarnopolsky, M. A., & Parise, G. (2008) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.21146 · Cited by 106
Chen, T. C., Chen, H.-L., Lin, M.-J., Wu, C.-J., & Nosaka, K. (2009) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-009-1016-7 · Cited by 110
“It appears that fatigue and/or other mechanisms play a role in the strength loss immediately after exercise ( Clarkson et al. 1992; Clarkson and Hubal 2002).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMackey, A. L., Rasmussen, L. K., Kadi, F., Schjerling, P., Helmark, I. C., Ponsot, E., Aagaard, P., Durigan, J. L. Q., & Kjaer, M. (2016) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201500198r · Cited by 99
“lengthening (eccentric) muscle contractions, which have been shown to be more effective than voluntary contractions to inducemuscle cytoskeletal damage (12, 19).”
BackgroundMethodMackey, A. L., Bojsen‐Møller, J., Qvortrup, K., Langberg, H., Suetta, C., Kalliokoski, K. K., Kjær, M., & Magnusson, S. P. (2008) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.90952.2008 · Cited by 98
Self-citationMurach, K. A., Englund, D. A., Dupont‐Versteegden, E. E., McCarthy, J. J., & Peterson, C. A. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00635 · Cited by 96
“The relationship between exercise-mediated muscle fiber damage and satellite cell proliferation is underscored by greater satellite cell density after highly- versus minimally-damaging contractions in exercisenaïve men (Crameri et al., 2007; Hyldahl et al., 2014).”
BackgroundClifford, T., Berntzen, B. J., Davison, G. W., West, D. J., Howatson, G., & Stevenson, E. (2016) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu8080506 · Cited by 101
“, bradykin and nerve growth factor) due to tears at the extracellular matrix [63, 64].”
Backgroundde Lima, J. E., Bonnin, M.-A., Birchmeier, C., & Duprez, D. (2016) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.15593 · Cited by 89
“Conversely, training exercises result in an increase of satellite cell number in humans (Crameri et al., 2004, 2007; Suetta et al., 2013).”
BackgroundOishi, Y., Tsukamoto, H., Yokokawa, T., Hirotsu, K., Shimazu, M., Uchida, K., Tomi, H., Higashida, K., Iwanaka, N., & Hashimoto, T. (2015) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00054.2014 · Cited by 90
Sarcopenic obesity: satellite cells in the aging muscle
Thornell, L.-E. (2011) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0b013e3283412260 · Cited by 86
Nelson, M. E., Parker, B. L., Burchfield, J. G., Hoffman, N. J., Needham, E. J., Cooke, K. C., Naim, T., Sylow, L., Ling, N. X. Y., Francis, D., et al. (2019) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.2019102578 · Cited by 81
“Additionally, this in situ contraction recruitment pattern causes more rapid onset of fatigue and muscle cytoskeletal damage (Gregory & Bickel, 2005; Crameri et al , 2007; Doucet et al , 2012).”
Effect of Lengthening Contraction Velocity on Muscle Damage of the Elbow Flexors
Chapman, D. W., Newton, M. J., McGuigan, M. R., et al. (2008) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318168c82d · Cited by 86
“As discussed earlier, the discrepancy between the magnitude of muscle damage and the magnitude of perceived muscle soreness has been documented (14,29).”
BackgroundClifford, T., Ventress, M., Allerton, D. M., Stansfield, S., TANG, J. C. Y., Fraser, W. D., Vanhoecke, B. W. A., Prawitt, J., & Stevenson, E. (2019) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-019-02706-5 · Cited by 81
Nielsen, J. L., Aagaard, P., Prokhorova, T. A., Nygaard, T., Bech, R. D., Suetta, C., & Frandsen, U. (2017) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp273907 · Cited by 84
“Recently, we showed that short-term (3 weeks), high-frequency (twice daily), low-load BFR training led to marked proliferation of myogenic satellite cells (MSCs) ( 250% elevated post training) (Nielsen et al. 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationLactate regulates myogenesis in C2C12 myoblasts in vitro
Willkomm, L., Schubert, S., Jung, R., Elsen, M., Borde, J., Gehlert, S., Suhr, F., & Bloch, W. (2014) · Stem Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.scr.2014.03.004 · Cited by 78
McKay, B. R., Toth, K., Tarnopolsky, M. A., & Parise, G. (2010) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2010.190876 · Cited by 83
“Furthermore, it was shown that electrical stimulation of human quadriceps can induce far more necrosis and thus represents a model of tissue degeneration/regeneration compared to normal physiological damage observed with eccentrically biased exercise (Crameri et al. 2007).”
BackgroundImmunohistochemical Identification of Human Skeletal Muscle Macrophages.
Kosmac, K., Peck, B. D., Walton, R. G., Mula, J., Kern, P., Bamman, M., Dennis, R., Jacobs, C., Lattermann, C., Johnson, D. L., et al. (2018) · Bio-protocol · doi:10.21769/bioprotoc.2883 · Cited by 63
Farup, J., Rahbek, S. K., Knudsen, I. S., de Paoli, F. V., Mackey, A. L., & Vissing, K. (2014) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-014-1810-3 · Cited by 88
Role of Nerve Growth Factor in Pain
Mizumura, K., & Murase, S. (2015) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-46450-2_4 · Cited by 79
The role of satellite cells in muscle hypertrophy
Blaauw, B., & Reggiani, C. (2014) · Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility · doi:10.1007/s10974-014-9376-y · Cited by 90
“…increase, and in some case even a doubling of the satellite cell density has been observed at time variable between 1 day and 8 days after a single bout of heavy eccentric exercise (Crameri et al. 2004, 2007 Dreyer et al. 2006; Mikkelsen et al. 2009; O’Reilly et al. 2008; Paulsen et al. 2010).”
Role of MyoD in denervated, disused, and exercised muscle
Legerlotz, K., & Smith, H. K. (2008) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.21087 · Cited by 78
Skeletal Muscle Inflammation Following Repeated Bouts of Lengthening Contractions in Humans
Deyhle, M. R., Gier, A. M., Evans, K. C., Eggett, D. L., Nelson, W. B., Parcell, A. C., & Hyldahl, R. D. (2016) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2015.00424 · Cited by 77
Assessment of Muscle Pain Induced by Elbow-Flexor Eccentric Exercise
Lau, W. Y., Blazevich, A. J., Newton, M. J., Wu, S. S. X., & Nosaka, K. (2015) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-50.11.05 · Cited by 77
Lindström, M., & Thornell, L. (2009) · Histochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1007/s00418-009-0606-0 · Cited by 77
“Studies in which the present antibody to NCAM has been used report 4.3–5% SC/N for the vastus lateralis muscle in sedentary young individuals (Mackey et al. 2007b; Olsen et al. 2006; Petrella et al. 2006), whereas in studies using other abs to NCAM the mean proportion of SC/N is just 2.5–2.86% ( Crameri et al. 2004, 2…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialKarlsen, A., Soendenbroe, C., Malmgaard‐Clausen, N. M., Wagener, F., Moeller, C. E., Senhaji, Z., Damberg, K., Andersen, J. L., Schjerling, P., Kjær, M., et al. (2020) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202000196r · Cited by 73
Self-citationMuscle damage protection by low-intensity eccentric contractions remains for 2 weeks but not 3 weeks
Chen, H.-L., Nosaka, K., & Chen, T. C. (2011) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-011-1999-8 · Cited by 72
“If muscle soreness is associated with damage and inXammation to connective tissue (Crameri et al. 2007; Paulsen et al. 2010), this would suggest that the non-damaging exercise remodels the endomysium and/or perimysium.”
BackgroundNotch and Wnt Signaling, Physiological Stimuli and Postnatal Myogenesis
Tsivitse, S. K. (2010) · International Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijbs.6.268 · Cited by 72
“Besides the DHR model, other eccentric contraction models are available to study muscle regeneration (130-139).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMuscle Injury after Repeated Bouts of Voluntary and Electrically Stimulated Exercise
Black, C. D., & McCully, K. K. (2008) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181788dbe · Cited by 72
“Age (yr) 26 (3) 26 (5) Height (cm) 172 (12) 176 (12) Weight (kg) 65 (13) 69 (14) MVIC (NIm) 364 (130) 376 (143) 287 (125) 293 (157) EMS isometric torque (NIm) 102 (57) 91 (38) EMS current (mA) 45 (6) 47 (9) Initial eccentric load (kg) 59 (33) 59 (33) 81 (27) 81 (27)”
BackgroundFukada, S., Akimoto, T., & Sotiropoulos, A. (2020) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118742 · Cited by 71
English, K. L., Loehr, J. A., Lee, S. M. C., & Smith, S. M. (2014) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-014-2951-5 · Cited by 73
“…eccentric muscle loading in some circumstances, such as in unfit individuals embarking on a new exercise training program or in the elderly, when muscle soreness (Crameri et al. 2007) or the potential for increased injury risk due to high eccentric loads might be deleterious and counterproductive.”
Farup, J., Rahbek, S. K., Riis, S., Vendelbo, M. H., Paoli, F. D., & Vissing, K. (2014) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00261.2014 · Cited by 70
“In relation to this, we speculate that the strain on the extracellular matrix, myofibers, and the satellite cells from eccentric muscle actions (13, 14, 35) may more profoundly influence satellite cell proliferation (59) than the stimuli from concentric muscle actions.”
BackgroundSonkodi, B., Berkes, I., & Koltai, E. (2020) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox9030212 · Cited by 70
Lloyd, E. M., Pinniger, G. J., Murphy, R. M., & Grounds, M. D. (2023) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.14012 · Cited by 67
Connective tissue regeneration in skeletal muscle after eccentric contraction-induced injury
Mackey, A. L., & Kjær, M. (2016) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00577.2016 · Cited by 61
“detected similar extents of tenascin-C immunoreactivity in the biopsies collected from these two models (10), indicating that the extent of injury does not influence the magnitude of response.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationSnijders, T., Verdijk, L. B., Beelen, M., McKay, B. R., Parise, G., Kadi, F., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2012) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2011.063313 · Cited by 66
Hody, S., Rogister, B., Leprince, P., et al. (2011) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01413.x · Cited by 62
“These divergent results point out that the findings of animal studies using electrical stimulation should not be compared with human models using voluntary contraction (Crameri et al., 2007).”
ResultWilke, J., & Behringer, M. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22179482 · Cited by 81
“[51] induced DOMS using electrostimulation in one leg and active eccentric contraction (isokinetic dynamometer) in the other leg.”
MethodMuscle satellite cell and atypical myogenic progenitor response following exercise
Parise, G., McKinnell, I. W., & Rudnicki, M. A. (2008) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.20995 · Cited by 60
Lindström, M., Domellöf, F. P., & Thornell, L. (2010) · Histochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1007/s00418-010-0743-5 · Cited by 59
“…against the adhesion molecules, neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and M-cadherin, are widely used for SC identification (Charifi et al. 2003; Crameri et al. 2007; 2004; Kadi 2000; Kadi et al. 2005; 1999a; Mackey et al. 2007a; Mackey et al. 2007b; Olsen et al. 2006; Petrella et al. 2006;…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBjørnsen, T., Wernbom, M., Løvstad, A., Paulsen, G., D’Souza, R. F., Cameron-Smith, D., Flesche, A., Hisdal, J., Berntsen, S., & Raastad, T. (2019) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00397.2018 · Cited by 59
Yu, J., Liu, J., Carlsson, L. M. S., Thornell, L., & Stål, P. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062056 · Cited by 59
“Of course, sarcolemma damage to such an extent will allow efflux of muscle enzymes and muscle proteins, and even influx of serum proteins such as fibronectin, albumin and tetranectin [1,5,18,19].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialCurrent evidence that exercise can increase the number of adult stem cells
Macaluso, F., & Myburgh, K. H. (2012) · Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility · doi:10.1007/s10974-012-9302-0 · Cited by 55
PAX7+ satellite cells in young and older adults following resistance exercise
Walker, D. K., Fry, C. S., Drummond, M. J., Dickinson, J. M., Timmerman, K. L., Gundermann, D. M., Jennings, K., Volpi, E., & Rasmussen, B. B. (2011) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.23266 · Cited by 58
Vila-Chã, C. J. F., Hassanlouei, H., Farina, D., & Falla, D. (2011) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2942-2 · Cited by 57
“extracellular matrix can contribute to the prolonged impaired force-generating capacity of the muscle (Clarkson et al. 1992; Proske and Allen 2005; Crameri et al. 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialDaab, W., Bouzid, M. A., Lajri, M., Bouchiba, M., Saafi, M. A., & Rebai, H. (2020) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2020.1735571 · Cited by 59
“However, it has been suggested that beetroot juice may blocked the release of harmful stimuli to sensitize nociceptive neurons in the muscle (47) which is classified as the principal site of muscle pain (48).”
Delayed onset muscle soreness: Is massage effective?
Nelson, N. L. (2013) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2013.03.002 · Cited by 63
Exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation: re-evaluation by proteomics
Malm, C., & Yu, J. (2012) · Histochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1007/s00418-012-0946-z · Cited by 54
Rehabilitation of muscle after injury – the role of anti‐inflammatory drugs
Mackey, A. L., Mikkelsen, U. R., Magnusson, S. P., & Kjær, M. (2012) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01463.x · Cited by 52
“…of muscle biopsy specimens obtained from the affected muscle at varying time points after the activity (Newham et al., 1983; Jones et al., 1986; Crameri et al., 2007; Mackey et al., 2008; Lauritzen et al., 2009), and complete regeneration from such damage is known to occur in healthy…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationBrorson, J., Lin, L., Wang, J., Bæk, A., Billeskov, T. B., Thybo, F. F., Just, J., Haskó, J., Ravn, C., Hansen, R. L., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-60627-2 · Cited by 60
“muscle morphology and function 3,4 .”
Mackey, A. L., Andersen, L. L., Frandsen, U., & Sjøgaard, G. (2011) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2011.217885 · Cited by 54
“Pax7 has also been used successfully by many groups (Reimann et al. 2004; Crameri et al. 2007; Verdijk et al. 2007; Carlson et al. 2009; Lindström & Thornell, 2009; Mackey et al. 2009; 2010a; 2011; Mikkelsen et al. 2009; McKay et al. 2010), and it appears that these two markers generally label the same SCs, any differ…”
MethodDessem, D., Ambalavanar, R., Evancho, M., Moutanni, A., Yallampalli, C., & Bai, G. (2010) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.02.022 · Cited by 52
“Previous human studies indicate that muscle soreness produced by eccentric movement has a similar time course as the mechanical hyperalgesia found in this study [20,34,104].”
ResultMolina, R., & Denadai, B. S. (2011) · Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging · doi:10.1111/j.1475-097x.2011.01074.x · Cited by 50
“Thus, disruption within the extracellular matrix (ECM) and ⁄ or between the ECM and myofibres (Crameri et al., 2007) and the consequent changes in 2011 The Authors Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging 2011 Scandinavian Society of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine 32, 3, 179–184 neural…”
BackgroundViggars, M. R., Wen, Y., Peterson, C. A., & Jarvis, J. C. (2022) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00491.2021 · Cited by 40
Metadata
- Authors
- Crameri, R. M., Aagaard, P., Qvortrup, K., Langberg, H., Olesen, J., & Kjær, M.
- Affiliations
- Bispebjerg Hospital (DK)
- University of Southern Denmark (DK)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Crameri, R. M.
- Venue
- The Journal of Physiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-08
- Volume
- 583
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 365-380
- ISSN
- 0022-3751 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7793
- PMC
- PMC2277245
- OpenAlex
- W1552699877
- Cited by
- 319
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 19.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- delayed onset muscle soreness, eccentric exercise, electrical stimulation, voluntary muscle contraction, satellite cells, desmin, myogenin, CD56, Pax7, tenascin-C, extracellular matrix, muscle contraction strength, rate of force development
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Biopsy, Electric Stimulation, Extracellular Matrix, Humans, Male, Muscle Contraction, Myofibrils, Pain, Vimentin, Biomarkers, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Tenascin, Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle
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