Sprint interval and endurance training are equally effective in increasing muscle microvascular density and eNOS content in sedentary males

Cocks, Matthew; Shaw, Christopher S.; Shepherd, Sam O.; Fisher, James P.; Ranasinghe, Aaron M.; Barker, Thomas A.; Tipton, Kevin D.; Wagenmakers, Anton J. M.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2012.239566

Cited by 227Cardiovascular and exercise physiologyExercise and Physiological ResponsesSports Performance and Training

Sprint interval and endurance training are equally effective in increasing muscle microvascular density and eNOS content in sedentary males

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Cocks, Matthew, Shaw, Christopher S., Shepherd, Sam O., Fisher, James P., Ranasinghe, Aaron M., Barker, Thomas A., Tipton, Kevin D., Wagenmakers, Anton J. M.·2013·The Journal of Physiology

DOI 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.239566PMC PMC3577551

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Abstract

Key point Optimal vascular function is critical for health, and endurance training (ET) has previously been shown to be an effective method of improving this. Sprint interval training (SIT) has been proposed as a time efficient alternative to ET but its effect on skeletal muscle microvasculature has not been studied and no direct comparison with ET has been made. ET and SIT in this study were equally effective at decreasing arterial stiffness and increasing skeletal muscle capillarisation and eNOS content. The main results suggest that both training modes improve skeletal muscle microvascular and macrovascular function, with SIT being a time efficient alternative. Abstract Sprint interval training (SIT) has been proposed as a time efficient alternative to endurance training (ET) for increasing skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and improving certain cardiovascular functions. In this study we sought to make the first comparisons of the structural and endothelial enzymatic changes in skeletal muscle microvessels in response to ET and SIT. Sixteen young sedentary males (age 21 ± SEM 0.7 years, BMI 23.8 ± SEM 0.7 kg m−2) were randomly assigned to 6 weeks of ET (40–60 min cycling at ∼65% , 5 times per week) or SIT (4–6 Wingate tests, 3 times per week). Muscle biopsies were taken from the m. vastus lateralis before and following 60 min cycling at 65% to measure muscle microvascular endothelial eNOS content, eNOS serine1177 phosphorylation, NOX2 content and capillarisation using quantitative immunofluorescence microscopy. Whole body insulin sensitivity, arterial stiffness and blood pressure were also assessed. ET and SIT increased skeletal muscle microvascular eNOS content (ET 14%; P < 0.05, SIT 36%; P < 0.05), with a significantly greater increase observed following SIT (P < 0.05). Sixty minutes of moderate intensity exercise increased eNOS ser1177 phosphorylation in all instances (P < 0.05), but basal and post‐exercise eNOS ser1177 phosphorylation was lower following both training modes. All microscopy measures of skeletal muscle capillarisation (P < 0.05) were increased with SIT or ET, while neither endothelial nor sarcolemmal NOX2 was changed. Both training modes reduced aortic stiffness and increased whole body insulin sensitivity (P < 0.05). In conclusion, in sedentary males SIT and ET are effective in improving muscle microvascular density and eNOS protein content.

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Prior studies directly comparing several weeks of Wingate-based SIT to MICT reported similar improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, and insulin sensitivity based on oral glucose tolerance tests.
“Studies that have directly compared several weeks of Wingate-based SIT to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) have reported similar improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness [10], skeletal muscle oxidative capacity [10,11] and insulin sensitivity based on oral glucose tolerance tests [12,13].”
From Twelve weeks of sprint interval training improves indices of cardiometabolic health similar to traditional endurance training despite a five-fold lower exercise volume and time commitment (2016) · cites this paper as [13]

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Lipid droplet remodelling and reduced muscle ceramides following sprint interval and moderate-intensity continuous exercise training in obese males
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Metabolic Effect of Breaking Up Prolonged Sitting with Stair Climbing Exercise Snacks
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Satellite cell activity, without expansion, after nonhypertrophic stimuli
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Military Applicability of Interval Training for Health and Performance
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Exercise duration-matched interval and continuous sprint cycling induce similar increases in AMPK phosphorylation, PGC-1α and VEGF mRNA expression in trained individuals
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Short-Duration High-Intensity Interval Exercise Training Is More Effective Than Long Duration for Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness But Not for Inflammatory Markers and Lipid Profiles in Patients With Stage 1 Hypertension
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Sprint Interval and Sprint Continuous Training Increases Circulating CD34+ Cells and Cardio-Respiratory Fitness in Young Healthy Women
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Interval and Continuous Exercise Training Produce Similar Increases in Skeletal Muscle and Left Ventricle Microvascular Density in Rats
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Sprint interval and moderate‐intensity continuous training have equal benefits on aerobic capacity, insulin sensitivity, muscle capillarisation and endothelial eNOS/NAD(P)Hoxidase protein ratio in obese men
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The effects of obesity and different modes of training \non the skeletal muscle microvasculature
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Interval sprint training enhances endothelial function and eNOS content in some arteries that perfuse white gastrocnemius muscle
Laughlin, M. H., Woodman, C. R., Schrage, W. G., Gute, D. C., & Price, E. M. (2004) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00105.2003 · Cited by 85 · see citing works

Authors: Cocks, M., Shaw, C. S., Shepherd, S. O., Fisher, J. P., Ranasinghe, A. M., Barker, T. A., Tipton, K. D., & Wagenmakers, A. J. M.
Affiliations: University of Birmingham (GB)
University of Stirling (GB)
ORCID: Cocks, Matthew
Shaw, Christopher S.
Shepherd, Sam O.
Fisher, James P.
Ranasinghe, Aaron M.
Tipton, Kevin D.
Wagenmakers, Anton J. M.
Venue: The Journal of Physiology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2013-01-31
Volume: 591
Issue: 3
Pages: 641-656
ISSN: 0022-3751 (ISSN-L)
1469-7793
DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.239566
PMC: PMC3577551
OpenAlex: W1915029257
Cited by: 226
References: 49
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 37.43
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: The Journal of Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Liverpool John Moores University (acceptedVersion)
Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) (submittedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords: sprint interval training, endurance training, skeletal muscle microvasculature, capillarization, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, NOX2, arterial stiffness, insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, sedentary men, vascular function, exercise training comparison, vastus lateralis, oxidative capacity, endothelial function
MeSH terms: NADPH Oxidase 2, Adult, Bicycling, Blood Pressure, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Male, Membrane Glycoproteins, Physical Endurance, Muscle, Skeletal, NADPH Oxidases, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III, Microvessels, Young Adult, Sedentary Behavior, Vascular Stiffness

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Sprint interval and endurance training are equally effective in increasing muscle microvascular density and eNOS content in sedentary males

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