Physical science research needed to evaluate the viability and risks of marine cloud brightening
Open accessAbstract
Marine cloud brightening (MCB) is the deliberate injection of aerosol particles into shallow marine clouds to increase their reflection of solar radiation and reduce the amount of energy absorbed by the climate system. From the physical science perspective, the consensus of a broad international group of scientists is that the viability of MCB will ultimately depend on whether observations and models can robustly assess the scale-up of local-to-global brightening in today's climate and identify strategies that will ensure an equitable geographical distribution of the benefits and risks associated with projected regional changes in temperature and precipitation. To address the physical science knowledge gaps required to assess the societal implications of MCB, we propose a substantial and targeted program of research-field and laboratory experiments, monitoring, and numerical modeling across a range of scales.
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For MCB, uncertainties persist in aerosol-cloud interactions under real marine conditions, particularly the efficiency of sea-salt particles in brightening clouds without triggering precipitation.
“For MCB, uncertainties persist in aerosol-cloud interactions under real marine conditions, particularly the efficiency of sea-salt particles in brightening clouds without triggering precipitation”
From Past Field Experiments of Solar Radiation Modification: A Review of the Scientific and Technical Aspects for Governance (2026) · cites this paper as Feingold et al., 2024
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Self-citationCloud Property Retrievals in the ARM Program
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Observing short-timescale cloud development to constrain aerosol–cloud interactions
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ARM Solar and Infrared Broadband and Filter Radiometry
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Detection limits of albedo changes induced by climate engineering
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DOE-NOAA Marine Cloud Brightening Workshop
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Ramaswamy, V., & Ming, Y. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15748-6.00037-x
Self-citationInfrared Absorption Spectra of CaCO3: Calcite and Aragonite Polymorphs
Spanoudaki, M.-A. I., Kucinski, T. M., Michaël, T., Flouris, I.-A., Andreou, E. K., Armatas, G. S., Petitprez, D., Hervé, H., Stoumpos, C. C., Papadimitriou, V. C., et al. (2026) · Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2026.110181
- Authors
- Feingold, G., Ghate, V. P., Russell, L. M., Blossey, P., Cantrell, W., Christensen, M. W., Diamond, M. S., Gettelman, A., Glassmeier, F., Gryspeerdt, E., Haywood, J., Hoffmann, F., Kaul, C. M., Lebsock, M., McComiskey, A. C., McCoy, D. T., Ming, Y., Mülmenstädt, J., Possner, A., Prabhakaran, P., Quinn, P. K., Schmidt, K. S., Shaw, R. A., Singer, C. E., Sorooshian, A., Toll, V., Wan, J. S., Wood, R., Yang, F., Zhang, J., & Zheng, X.
- Affiliations
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (US)
- Argonne National Laboratory (US)
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Michigan Technological University (US)
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (US)
- Florida State University (US)
- Delft University of Technology (NL)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (US)
- NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research (US)
- University of Wyoming (US)
- Boston College (US)
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (US)
- NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (US)
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- University of Arizona (US)
- University of Tartu (EE)
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Feingold, Graham
- ORCID
- Feingold, Graham
- Ghate, Virendra P.
- Russell, Lynn M.
- Blossey, Peter
- Cantrell, Will
- Christensen, Matthew W.
- Diamond, Michael S.
- Gettelman, Andrew
- Glassmeier, Franziska
- Gryspeerdt, Edward
- Haywood, James
- Hoffmann, Fabian
- Kaul, Colleen M.
- Lebsock, Matthew
- McComiskey, Allison C.
- McCoy, Daniel T.
- Ming, Yi
- Mülmenstädt, Johannes
- Possner, Anna
- Prabhakaran, Prasanth
- Quinn, Patricia K.
- Schmidt, K. Sebastian
- Shaw, Raymond A.
- Singer, Clare E.
- Sorooshian, Armin
- Toll, Velle
- Wan, Jessica S.
- Wood, Robert
- Yang, Fan
- Zhang, Jianhao
- Zheng, Xue
- Venue
- Science Advances
- Published
- 2024-03-22
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- eadi8594-eadi8594
- ISSN
- 2375-2548 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10954212
- OpenAlex
- W4392982830
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 124
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 10
- FWCI
- 3.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Science Advances (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Digital Commons - Michigan Tech (Michigan Technological University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- NOAA Institutional Repository (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Research Repository (Delft University of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy (DESC0021045, DESC0021103, DESC0022227, DESC0022958)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate Change and Geoengineering
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Keywords
- marine cloud brightening, solar radiation management, aerosol injection, cloud reflectivity, climate intervention, regional climate impacts, precipitation change, geoengineering risks, research priorities
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