Arrested differentiation, the self-renewing memory lymphocyte, and vaccination
Abstract
Vaccination for persistent viral or bacterial infections must program the immune system for a lifelong need to generate antigen-specific effector lymphocytes. How the immune system does this is not known, but recent studies have shown that a subset of B lymphocytes, the germinal center B cell, is capable of self-renewal because it expresses a transcriptional repressor, BCL6, that blocks terminal differentiation. If a similar mechanism for arresting differentiation exists for long-lived, antigen-selected lymphocytes, a stem cell–like capacity for self-renewal could be the basis for the continual generation of effector lymphocytes from the memory pool. Understanding how to regulate the terminal differentiation of lymphocytes will improve immunotherapeutic approaches for chronic infectious diseases and cancer.
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Mouse central memory T cells are arrested at a pre-differentiation stage by transcriptional inhibitors and retain replicative potential and long-term production of effector T cells after a second antigen challenge.
“The concept of T cell stemness was initially stemmed from the observations that mouse central memory T cells are arrested at a pre-differentiation stage by transcriptional inhibitors and retain replicative potential and long-term production of effector T cells after a second antigen challenge [67].”
From T cell anergy, exhaustion, senescence, and stemness in the tumor microenvironment (2013) · cites this paper as [67]
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- Authors
- Fearon, D. T., Manders, P., & Wagner, S. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Fearon, Douglas T.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2001-07-13
- Volume
- 293
- Issue
- 5528
- Pages
- 248-250
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2038067604
- Cited by
- 265
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 1.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Keywords
- BCL6, terminal differentiation, germinal center B cells, memory B cells, viral persistence, bacterial infection, vaccination, chronic infectious diseases, cancer immunotherapy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, B-Lymphocytes, Cell Differentiation, DNA-Binding Proteins, Humans, Immunologic Memory, Lymphocytes, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Receptors, Antigen, Stem Cells, T-Lymphocytes, Transcription Factors, Vaccination, Leukopoiesis, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6
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