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The Origins of Genome Complexity
Abstract
Complete genomic sequences from diverse phylogenetic lineages reveal notable increases in genome complexity from prokaryotes to multicellular eukaryotes. The changes include gradual increases in gene number, resulting from the retention of duplicate genes, and more abrupt increases in the abundance of spliceosomal introns and mobile genetic elements. We argue that many of these modifications emerged passively in response to the long-term population-size reductions that accompanied increases in organism size. According to this model, much of the restructuring of eukaryotic genomes was initiated by nonadaptive processes, and this in turn provided novel substrates for the secondary evolution of phenotypic complexity by natural selection. The enormous long-term effective population sizes of prokaryotes may impose a substantial barrier to the evolution of complex genomes and morphologies.
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“Given the extremely high costs of building and maintaining nervous systems [10–12], neutral evolutionary processes are arguably less prevalent during nervous system evolution than for example in genome evolution [13].”
From Origin and early evolution of neural circuits for the control of ciliary locomotion (2011) · cites this paper as [13]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lynch, M., & Conery, J. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Oregon (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lynch, Michael
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2003-11-21
- Volume
- 302
- Issue
- 5649
- Pages
- 1401-1404
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1988714210
- Cited by
- 1,698
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 63 · 2025: 70 · 2024: 95 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 82 · 2020: 80 · 2019: 70 · 2018: 70 · 2017: 71 · 2016: 89 · 2015: 65 · 2014: 68 · 2013: 77 · 2012: 90
- FWCI
- 69.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Keywords
- genome complexity, eukaryotic genome evolution, gene duplication, spliceosomal introns, mobile genetic elements, population size reduction, organism size, effective population size, prokaryotes, multicellularity, phenotypic complexity
- MeSH terms
- Alleles, Animals, Bacteria, Body Constitution, Fungi, Humans, Introns, Invertebrates, Mutation, Phylogeny, Plants, Population Density, Recombination, Genetic, Selection, Genetic, Genetic Variation, Vertebrates, Genome, Spliceosomes, Evolution, Molecular, Interspersed Repetitive Sequences, Gene Duplication, Gene Silencing, Genetic Drift, Eukaryota
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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