Cited by 6,382Cellular Mechanics and InteractionsForce Microscopy Techniques and ApplicationsHydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications

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Tissue Cells Feel and Respond to the Stiffness of Their Substrate

Discher, Dennis E., Janmey, Paul, Wang, Yu-li·2005·Science

DOI 10.1126/science.1116995

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Abstract

Normal tissue cells are generally not viable when suspended in a fluid and are therefore said to be anchorage dependent. Such cells must adhere to a solid, but a solid can be as rigid as glass or softer than a baby's skin. The behavior of some cells on soft materials is characteristic of important phenotypes; for example, cell growth on soft agar gels is used to identify cancer cells. However, an understanding of how tissue cells—including fibroblasts, myocytes, neurons, and other cell types—sense matrix stiffness is just emerging with quantitative studies of cells adhering to gels (or to other cells) with which elasticity can be tuned to approximate that of tissues. Key roles in molecular pathways are played by adhesion complexes and the actinmyosin cytoskeleton, whose contractile forces are transmitted through transcellular structures. The feedback of local matrix stiffness on cell state likely has important implications for development, differentiation, disease, and regeneration.

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Authors: Discher, D. E., Janmey, P., & Wang, Y.-L.
Affiliations: University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
Corresponding author: Discher, Dennis E.
ORCID: Discher, Dennis E.
Janmey, Paul
Wang, Yu-li
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 2005-11-18
Volume: 310
Issue: 5751
Pages: 1139-1143
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.1116995
OpenAlex: W2054635074
Cited by: 6,382
References: 82
Citations by year: 2026: 287 · 2025: 269 · 2024: 239 · 2023: 237 · 2022: 318 · 2021: 269 · 2020: 369 · 2019: 389 · 2018: 399 · 2017: 432 · 2016: 379 · 2015: 392 · 2014: 407 · 2013: 369 · 2012: 380
FWCI: 9.07
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications
Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
Keywords: substrate stiffness, mechanotransduction, cell-matrix adhesion, cell-substrate adhesion, soft agar, cancer cell detection, fibroblasts, muscle cells, neurons, actomyosin cytoskeleton, adhesion complexes, cell contractility, tissue stiffness, cell differentiation, tissue regeneration
MeSH terms: Biomechanical Phenomena, Cell Adhesion, Cell Communication, Cell Physiological Phenomena, Cytoskeleton, Elasticity, Humans, Muscle Contraction, Organogenesis

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Tissue Cells Feel and Respond to the Stiffness of Their Substrate

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