Cited by 1,450Advanced Frequency and Time StandardsScientific Measurement and Uncertainty EvaluationAtomic and Subatomic Physics Research

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Frequency Ratio of Al+and Hg+Single-Ion Optical Clocks; Metrology at the 17th Decimal Place

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Rosenband, T., Hume, D. B., Schmidt, P. O., Chou, C. W., Brusch, A., Lorini, L., Oskay, W. H., Drullinger, R. E., Fortier, T. M., Stalnaker, J. E., Diddams, S. A., Swann, W. C., Newbury, N. R., Itano, W. M., Wineland, D. J., Bergquist, J. C.·2008·Science

DOI 10.1126/science.1154622

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Abstract

Time has always had a special status in physics because of its fundamental role in specifying the regularities of nature and because of the extraordinary precision with which it can be measured. This precision enables tests of fundamental physics and cosmology, as well as practical applications such as satellite navigation. Recently, a regime of operation for atomic clocks based on optical transitions has become possible, promising even higher performance. We report the frequency ratio of two optical atomic clocks with a fractional uncertainty of 5.2 × 10–17. The ratio of aluminum and mercury single-ion optical clock frequencies ν Al+/ν Hg+is 1.052871833148990438(55), where the uncertainty comprises a statistical measurement uncertainty of 4.3 × 10–17, and systematic uncertainties of 1.9 × 10–17 and 2.3 × 10–17 in the mercury and aluminum frequency standards, respectively. Repeated measurements during the past year yield a preliminary constraint on the temporal variation of the fine-structure constant α of\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} ${\dot{{\alpha}}}{/}{\alpha}=(-1.6{\pm}2.3){\times}10^{-17}{/}\mathrm{year}$ \end{document}.

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“Optical clocks have already surpassed the stability of microwave clocks [2, 3] and reached inaccuracies below 10 with the expected control of systematic effects at the 10 level.”
Background
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Background
Yb optical lattice clock at INRIM
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Self-citation
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Self-citation
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“…weaker than Oklo’s, which is the most stringent constraint on α’s time variation up to date (Uzan 2010; Fujii et al. 2000)), and another found from measurements of the ratio of Al+ to Hg+ optical clock frequencies over a period of a year (Rosenband et al. 2008; Li et al. 2010)(see Table 6).”
Background
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“On the other hand, regarding the fine structure constants, α and αs, several approaches have been examined, including the isotopic balance of 187Re-187Os decay systematics in terrestrial materials [38], adsorption of quasar spectra by gas clouds from the observation using Very Large Telescope [39], and comparison of t…”
Method
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Stress-energy tensor of a scalar field on a product spacetime with a time-dependent compact dimension
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Authors: Rosenband, T., Hume, D. B., Schmidt, P. O., Chou, C. W., Brusch, A., Lorini, L., Oskay, W. H., Drullinger, R. E., Fortier, T. M., Stalnaker, J. E., Diddams, S. A., Swann, W. C., Newbury, N. R., Itano, W. M., Wineland, D. J., & Bergquist, J. C.
Affiliations: National Institute of Standards and Technology (US)
Corresponding author: Rosenband, T.
Schmidt, P. O.
Lorini, L.
Oskay, W. H.
Stalnaker, J. E.
ORCID: Rosenband, T.
Hume, D. B.
Schmidt, P. O.
Chou, C. W.
Brusch, A.
Lorini, L.
Fortier, T. M.
Stalnaker, J. E.
Diddams, S. A.
Newbury, N. R.
Wineland, D. J.
Bergquist, J. C.
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 2008-03-28
Volume: 319
Issue: 5871
Pages: 1808-1812
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.1154622
OpenAlex: W1997269293
Cited by: 1,450
References: 31
Citations by year: 2026: 27 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 78 · 2018: 65 · 2017: 76 · 2016: 85 · 2015: 96 · 2014: 129 · 2013: 99 · 2012: 99
FWCI: 73.95
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (IRIS Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Advanced Frequency and Time Standards
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Instrumentation › Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
Keywords: optical atomic clocks, aluminum ions, mercury ions, frequency ratio, frequency metrology, fine-structure constant variation, systematic uncertainties

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Frequency Ratio of Al+and Hg+Single-Ion Optical Clocks; Metrology at the 17th Decimal Place

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