The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 1 are not checked yet.
Frequency Ratio of Al+and Hg+Single-Ion Optical Clocks; Metrology at the 17th Decimal Place
Open accessAbstract
Time has always had a special status in physics because of its fundamental role in specifying the regularities of nature and because of the extraordinary precision with which it can be measured. This precision enables tests of fundamental physics and cosmology, as well as practical applications such as satellite navigation. Recently, a regime of operation for atomic clocks based on optical transitions has become possible, promising even higher performance. We report the frequency ratio of two optical atomic clocks with a fractional uncertainty of 5.2 × 10–17. The ratio of aluminum and mercury single-ion optical clock frequencies ν Al+/ν Hg+is 1.052871833148990438(55), where the uncertainty comprises a statistical measurement uncertainty of 4.3 × 10–17, and systematic uncertainties of 1.9 × 10–17 and 2.3 × 10–17 in the mercury and aluminum frequency standards, respectively. Repeated measurements during the past year yield a preliminary constraint on the temporal variation of the fine-structure constant α of\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \({\dot{{\alpha}}}{/}{\alpha}=(-1.6{\pm}2.3){\times}10^{-17}{/}\mathrm{year}\) \end{document}.
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“Atomic clock experiments constrain the current variation of the fine structure constant, | α/α 0 | < 10 -17 yr -1 [13]”
From Stress-energy tensor of a scalar field on a product spacetime with a time-dependent compact dimension (2026) · cites this paper as [13]
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“d dt ln m Hg m Al ¼ ð5:3 Æ 7:9Þ Â 10 À17 yr À1 :ð131Þ”
From Fundamental constants: from measurement to the universe, a window on gravitation and cosmology (2025) · cites this paper as Rosenband et al. 2008
In the citing paper
“_ a EM =a EM ¼ ðÀ1:6 Æ 2:3Þ Â 10 À17 yr À1 on a EM alone”
From Fundamental constants: from measurement to the universe, a window on gravitation and cosmology (2025) · cites this paper as Rosenband et al. 2008
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Citations
Cites
The Effect of Collisions upon the Doppler Width of Spectral Lines
Dicke, R. H. (1953) · Physical Review · doi:10.1103/physrev.89.472 · Cited by 1,491
Nobel Lecture: Passion for precision
Hänsch, T. W. (2006) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.78.1297 · Cited by 913
Minimization of ion micromotion in a Paul trap
Berkeland, D. J., Miller, J. D., Bergquist, J. C., Itano, W. M., & Wineland, D. J. (1998) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.367318 · Cited by 720
Self-citationAn Optical Clock Based on a Single Trapped 199 Hg + Ion
Diddams, S. A., Udem, T., Bergquist, J., Curtis, E. A., Drullinger, R. E., Hollberg, L. W., Itano, W. M., Lee, W. D., Oates, C. W., Vogel, K. R., et al. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1061171 · Cited by 720
Self-citationSpectroscopy Using Quantum Logic
Schmidt, P. O., Rosenband, T., Langer, C., Itano, W. M., Bergquist, J. C., & Wineland, D. J. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1114375 · Cited by 643
Self-citationNobel Lecture: Defining and measuring optical frequencies
Hall, J. L. (2006) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.78.1279 · Cited by 630
Visible Lasers with Subhertz Linewidths
Young, B. C., Cruz, F. C., Itano, W. M., & Bergquist, J. (1999) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.82.3799 · Cited by 605
Self-citationUltrastable Optical Clock with Neutral Atoms in an Engineered Light Shift Trap
Katori, H., Takamoto, M., Pal’chikov, V. G., & Ovsiannikov, V. D. (2003) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.91.173005 · Cited by 580
Heating of trapped ions from the quantum ground state
Turchette, Q. A., Kielpinski, D., King, B. E., Leibfried, D. G., Meekhof, D. M., Myatt, C. J., Rowe, M. A., Sackett, C. A., Wood, C. S., Itano, W. M., et al. (2000) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.61.063418 · Cited by 532
Self-citationMonoion oscillator as potential ultimate laser frequency standard
DEHMELT, H. G. (1982) · IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement · doi:10.1109/tim.1982.6312526 · Cited by 326
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Atomic clocks: new prospects in metrology and geodesy
Delva, P., & Lodewyck, J. (2013) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1308.6766 · Cited by 40
“n a trapping potential to cancel their velocity v. To achieve this goal, two different technologies have been developed. First, a single ion is trapped in a RF electric field. These ion optical clocks [34, 8, 16, 25] achieve record accuracies at 9 1810 . However, since only a single ion is trapped (N = 1, because of th…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Rosenband, T., Hume, D. B., Schmidt, P. O., Chou, C. W., Brusch, A., Lorini, L., Oskay, W. H., Drullinger, R. E., Fortier, T. M., Stalnaker, J. E., Diddams, S. A., Swann, W. C., Newbury, N. R., Itano, W. M., Wineland, D. J., & Bergquist, J. C.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rosenband, T.
- Schmidt, P. O.
- Lorini, L.
- Oskay, W. H.
- Stalnaker, J. E.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2008-03-28
- Volume
- 319
- Issue
- 5871
- Pages
- 1808-1812
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1997269293
- Cited by
- 1,450
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 78 · 2018: 65 · 2017: 76 · 2016: 85 · 2015: 96 · 2014: 129 · 2013: 99 · 2012: 99
- FWCI
- 73.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (IRIS Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Advanced Frequency and Time Standards
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Instrumentation › Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Keywords
- optical atomic clocks, aluminum ions, mercury ions, frequency ratio, frequency metrology, fine-structure constant variation, systematic uncertainties
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