Cited by 2,700Epigenetics and DNA MethylationRNA modifications and cancerDNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Nuclear DNA Base 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Is Present in Purkinje Neurons and the Brain

Open access

Kriaucionis, Skirmantas, Heintz, Nathaniel·2009·Science

DOI 10.1126/science.1169786PMC PMC3263819

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Despite the importance of epigenetic regulation in neurological disorders, little is known about neuronal chromatin. Cerebellar Purkinje neurons have large and euchromatic nuclei, whereas granule cell nuclei are small and have a more typical heterochromatin distribution. While comparing the abundance of 5-methylcytosine in Purkinje and granule cell nuclei, we detected the presence of an unusual DNA nucleotide. Using thin-layer chromatography, high-pressure liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry, we identified the nucleotide as 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxycytidine (hmdC). hmdC constitutes 0.6% of total nucleotides in Purkinje cells, 0.2% in granule cells, and is not present in cancer cell lines. hmdC is a constituent of nuclear DNA that is highly abundant in the brain, suggesting a role in epigenetic control of neuronal function.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1126/science.1169786

Cites

14 of 14 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

A translational profiling approach for the molecular characterization of CNS cell types
Heiman, M., Schaefer, A., Gong, S., Peterson, J. D., Day, M., Ramsey, K. E., Suárez-Fariñas, M., Schwarz, C., Stephan, D. A., Surmeier, D. J., et al. (2008) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.10.028 · Cited by 1,134
Self-citation
Application of a translational profiling approach for the comparative analysis of CNS cell types
Doyle, J. P., Dougherty, J. D., Heiman, M., Schmidt, E. F., Stevens, T. R., Ma, G., Bupp, S., Shrestha, P., Shah, R. D., Doughty, M. L., et al. (2008) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.10.029 · Cited by 912
Self-citation
Oxidative damage to methyl-CpG sequences inhibits the binding of the methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD) of methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2)
Valinluck, V. (2004) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkh739 · Cited by 756
The bases of the nucleic acids of some bacterial and animal viruses: the occurrence of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine
Wyatt, G. R., & Cohen, S. (1953) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj0550774 · Cited by 608
The Colorful History of Active DNA Demethylation
Ooi, S. K. T., & Bestor, T. H. (2008) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.06.009 · Cited by 537
The presence of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in animal deoxyribonucleic acid
Penn, N. W., SUWALSKI, R. T., O'Riley, C., Bojanowski, K., & Yura, R. (1972) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj1260781 · Cited by 280
Hypermodified bases in DNA
Gommers-Ampt, J., & Borst, P. (1995) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.9.11.7649402 · Cited by 126
Solid phase synthesis and restriction endonuclease cleavage of oligodeoxynucleotides containing 5-(hydroxymethyl)-cytosine
Tardy-Planechaud, S. (1997) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/25.3.553 · Cited by 88
Oxidative damage to 5-methylcytosine in DNA
Zuo, S., Boorstein, R. J., & Teebor, G. W. (1995) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/23.16.3239 · Cited by 87
Reaction of bisulfite with the 5-hydroxymethyl group in pyrimidines and in phage DNAs
Hayatsu, H., & Shiragami, M. (1979) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00571a013 · Cited by 85

Show all 14 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Ramsahoye B. H., Methods Mol. Biol. 200, 9 (2002).Medline

Sorted by citations

Items 401–500 of 1,015

Strategies for discovery and validation of methylated and hydroxymethylated DNA biomarkers
Olkhov‐Mitsel, E., & Bapat, B. V. (2012) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.22 · Cited by 132
Redox-active quinones induces genome-wide DNA methylation changes by an iron-mediated and Tet-dependent mechanism
Zhao, B., Yang, Y., Wang, X., Chong, Z., Yin, R., Song, S.-H., Zhao, C., Li, C., Huang, H., Sun, B.-F., et al. (2013) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkt1090 · Cited by 133
Cooperative Action between SALL4A and TET Proteins in Stepwise Oxidation of 5-Methylcytosine
Xiong, J., Zhang, Z., Chen, J., Huang, H., Xu, Y., Ding, X., Zheng, Y., Nishinakamura, R., Xu, G.-L., Wang, H., et al. (2016) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2016.10.013 · Cited by 127
The MspJI family of modification-dependent restriction endonucleases for epigenetic studies
Cohen-Karni, D., Xu, D., Apone, L., Fomenkov, A. I., Sun, Z., Davis, P. J., Kinney, S. R. M., Mabuchi, M. Y., Xu, S.-Y., Davis, T. B., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1018448108 · Cited by 130
Wilms tumor protein recognizes 5-carboxylcytosine within a specific DNA sequencePreprint
Hashimoto, H., Olanrewaju, Y. O., Zheng, Y., Wilson, G. G., Zhang, X., & Cheng, X. (2014) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.250746.114 · Cited by 128
Epigenetics of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Siu, M. T., & Weksberg, R. (2017) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-53889-1_4 · Cited by 121
Tet1 and 5-hydroxymethylation
Wu, H., & Zhang, Y. (2011) · Cell Cycle · doi:10.4161/cc.10.15.16930 · Cited by 132
Recent advances in quantitative neuroproteomics
Craft, G. E., Chen, A., & Nairn, A. C. (2013) · Methods · doi:10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.04.008 · Cited by 127
5-Methylcytosine DNA Demethylation: More Than Losing a Methyl Group
Franchini, D., Schmitz, K.-M., & Petersen‐Mahrt, S. K. (2012) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-110711-155451 · Cited by 133
Epigenetic Modification, Dehydration, and Molecular Crowding Effects on the Thermodynamics of i-Motif Structure Formation from C-Rich DNA
Bhavsar-Jog, Y. P., Dornshuld, E. V., Brooks, T. A., Tschumper, G. S., & Wadkins, R. M. (2014) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi401523b · Cited by 127
Cytidine deaminases: AIDing DNA demethylation?Preprint
Fritz, E. L., & Papavasiliou, F. N. (2010) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1963010 · Cited by 132
The existence of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-formylcytosine in both DNA and RNA in mammals
Zhang, H.-Y., Xiong, J., Qi, B.-L., Feng, Y., & Yuan, B. (2015) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c5cc07354e · Cited by 126
Nucleic Acid Oxidation in DNA Damage Repair and Epigenetics
Zheng, G., Fu, Y., & He, C. (2014) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr400432d · Cited by 131
Studying the epigenome using next generation sequencing
Ku, C., Naidoo, N., Wu, M., & Soong, R. (2011) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100242 · Cited by 127
Chemical Methods for Decoding Cytosine Modifications in DNA
Booth, M. J., Raiber, E., & Balasubramanian, S. (2014) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr5002904 · Cited by 127
Epigenetic reprogramming in the germline: towards the ground state of the epigenome
Hájková, P. (2011) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2011.0042 · Cited by 129
DNA methylation and application in forensic sciences
Kader, F., & Ghai, M. (2015) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.01.037 · Cited by 132
Global Landscape and Regulatory Principles of DNA Methylation Reprogramming for Germ Cell Specification by Mouse Pluripotent Stem Cells
Shirane, K., Kurimoto, K., Yabuta, Y., Yamaji, M., Satoh, J., Ito, S., Watanabe, A., Hayashi, K., Saitou, M., & Sasaki, H. (2016) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2016.08.008 · Cited by 122
“At the outset, we determined the levels of unmodiﬁed cytosine (C), 5-methylcytosine (5mC), and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) (Kriaucionis and Heintz, 2009; Tahiliani et al., 2009) in key cell types of the mouse PGCLC induction system (male ESCs, EpiLCs, and day-6 [d6] PGCLCs [ Blimp1 - mVenus…”
Oxidative stress in sperm affects the epigenetic reprogramming in early embryonic development
Wyck, S., Herrera, C., Requena, C. E., Bittner, L., Hájková, P., Bollwein, H., & Santoro, R. (2018) · Epigenetics & Chromatin · doi:10.1186/s13072-018-0224-y · Cited by 131
Going beyond five bases in DNA sequencing
Korlach, J., & Turner, S. W. (2012) · Current Opinion in Structural Biology · doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2012.04.002 · Cited by 128
From OPC to Oligodendrocyte: An Epigenetic Journey
Tiane, A., Schepers, M., Rombaut, B., Hupperts, R., Prickaerts, J., Hellings, N., van den Hove, D., & Vanmierlo, T. (2019) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells8101236 · Cited by 128
“Interestingly, 5hmC patterns have shown to be abundantly present in the CNS of mammals [47,50].”
Background
Upregulation of TET1 and downregulation of APOBEC3A and APOBEC3C in the parietal cortex of psychotic patients
Dong, E., Gavin, D. P., Chen, Y., & Davis, J. M. (2012) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2012.86 · Cited by 121
Isoform‐specific localization of DNMT3A regulates DNA methylation fidelity at bivalent CpG islands
Manzo, M., Wirz, J., Ambrosi, C. M., Villaseñor, R., Roschitzki, B., & Baubec, T. (2017) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.201797038 · Cited by 128
“…(5-hmC) as an additional modification of mammalian genomes and the characterization of TET-mediated DNA methylation removal (Kriaucionis & Heintz, 2009; Tahiliani et al , 2009; Kohli & Zhang, 2013) provide compelling evidence that DNA methylation is highly dynamic and…”
Prediction of protein–ligand binding affinity from sequencing data with interpretable machine learning
Rube, H. T., Rastogi, C., Feng, S., Kribelbauer, J. F., Li, A., Becerra, B., Melo, L. A. N., Viet, B., Li, X., Adam, H., et al. (2022) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-022-01307-0 · Cited by 123
Parallel profiling of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation highlights neuropathology-associated epigenetic variation in Alzheimer’s disease
Smith, A. R., Smith, R. G., Pishva, E., Hannon, E. J., Roubroeks, J. A. Y., Burrage, J., Troakes, C., Al‐Sarraj, S., Sloan, C., Mill, J. S., et al. (2019) · Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.1186/s13148-019-0636-y · Cited by 118
An Epigenetic Role of Mitochondria in Cancer
Liu, Y., Chen, C., Wang, X., Sun, Y., Zhang, J., Chen, J., & Shi, Y. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11162518 · Cited by 131
GADD45A Protein Plays an Essential Role in Active DNA Demethylation during Terminal Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Zhang, R., Shao, J., & Xiang, L. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.258715 · Cited by 124
The early‐life social environment and DNA methylation
Szyf, M. (2012) · Clinical Genetics · doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.2012.01843.x · Cited by 124
Nuclear glutathione
García‐Giménez, J. L., Marković, J., Dası́, F., Queval, G., Schnaubelt, D., Foyer, C. H., & Pallardó, F. V. (2012) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.10.005 · Cited by 121
Alteration of genic 5-hydroxymethylcytosine patterning in olfactory neurons correlates with changes in gene expression and cell identity
Colquitt, B. M., Allen, W. E., Barnea, G., & Lomvardas, S. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1302759110 · Cited by 118
Vitamin C Facilitates Dopamine Neuron Differentiation in Fetal Midbrain Through TET1- and JMJD3-Dependent Epigenetic Control Manner
He, X., Kim, M., Kim, S., Yi, S., Rhee, Y., Kim, T., Lee, E.-H., Park, C., Dixit, S., Harrison, F. E., et al. (2014) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1002/stem.1932 · Cited by 121
Models of Intergenerational and Transgenerational Transmission of Risk for Psychopathology in Mice
Klengel, T., Dias, B. G., & Ressler, K. J. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.249 · Cited by 125
Chemical Modification-Assisted Bisulfite Sequencing (CAB-Seq) for 5-Carboxylcytosine Detection in DNA
Lu, X., Song, C., Szulwach, K. E., Wang, Z., Weidenbacher, P. A. B., Jin, P., & He, C. (2013) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja4044856 · Cited by 120
Epigenetic approaches to psychiatric disorders
Ptak, C., & Petronis, A. (2010) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2010.12.1/cptak · Cited by 120
The Neuron Identity Problem: Form Meets Function
Fishell, G., & Heintz, N. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.10.035 · Cited by 115
Self-citation
Covalent Modification of Bacteriophage T4 DNA Inhibits CRISPR-Cas9
Bryson, A. L., Hwang, Y., Sherrill-Mix, S. A., Wu, G. D., Lewis, J. D., Black, L. W., Clark, T. A., & Bushman, F. D. (2015) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.00648-15 · Cited by 117
Playing TETris with DNA modifications
Delatte, B., Deplus, R., & Fuks, F. (2014) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.201488290 · Cited by 118
Nuclear Exclusion of TET1 Is Associated with Loss of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in IDH1 Wild-Type Gliomas
Müller, T., Gessi, M., Waha, A., Isselstein, L., Luxen, D., Freihoff, D., Freihoff, J., Becker, A. J., Simon, M., Hammes, J., et al. (2012) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.04.017 · Cited by 116
Schizophrenia-associated methylomic variation: molecular signatures of disease and polygenic risk burden across multiple brain regions
Viana, J., Hannon, E., Dempster, E., Pidsley, R., Macdonald, R., Knox, O., Spiers, H., Troakes, C., Al-Saraj, S., Turecki, G., et al. (2016) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddw373 · Cited by 105
“Third, there is increasing awareness of the importance of 5-hydroxymethyl cytosine (5-hmC) in the human brain (45,46), although this modification cannot be distinguished from DNA methylation using standard bisulfite-based approaches (47).”
Background
Epigenetic mechanisms of drug addiction
Feng, J., & Nestler, E. J. (2013) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2013.01.001 · Cited by 113
The role of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in human cancer
Pfeifer, G. P., Xiong, W., Hahn, M. A., & Jin, S. (2014) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-014-1896-7 · Cited by 118
Derivatization for liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry analysis of small-molecular weight compounds
Zhang, T., Li, S., Zhu, Q., Wang, Q., Hussain, D., & Feng, Y. (2019) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2019.07.019 · Cited by 114
Epigenetics in eating disorders: a systematic review
Hübel, C., Marzi, S. J., Breen, G., & Bulik, C. M. (2019) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-018-0254-7 · Cited by 116
5-hydroxymethylcytosine in cancer: significance in diagnosis and therapy
Vasanthakumar, A., & Godley, L. A. (2015) · Cancer Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.cancergen.2015.02.009 · Cited by 116
Bisulfite Sequencing of DNA
Darst, R. P., Pardo, C. E., Ai, L., Brown, K. D., & Kladde, M. P. (2010) · Current Protocols in Molecular Biology · doi:10.1002/0471142727.mb0709s91 · Cited by 116
CDA directs metabolism of epigenetic nucleosides revealing a therapeutic window in cancer
Zauri, M., Berridge, G., Thézénas, M., Pugh, K., Goldin, R. D., Kessler, B. M., & Kriaučionis, S. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14948 · Cited by 112
TET Family Proteins: Oxidation Activity, Interacting Molecules, and Functions in Diseases
Lu, X., Zhao, B. S., & He, C. (2015) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr500470n · Cited by 118
Epigenetics
Tollervey, J. R., & Lunyak, V. V. (2012) · Epigenetics · doi:10.4161/epi.21141 · Cited by 124
Shaping synaptic plasticity: The role of activity‐mediated epigenetic regulation on gene transcription
Cortés‐Mendoza, J., de León‐Guerrero, S. D., Pedraza‐Alva, G., & Pérez‐Martínez, L. (2013) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2013.04.003 · Cited by 117
Minireview: transgenerational epigenetic inheritance: focus on endocrine disrupting compounds
Rissman, E. F., & Adli, M. (2014) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2014-1123 · Cited by 113
Active DNA demethylation promotes cell fate specification and the DNA damage response
Wang, D., Wu, W., Callen, E., Pavani, R., Zolnerowich, N., Kodali, S., Zong, D., Wong, N., Noriega, S., Nathan, W. J., et al. (2022) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.add9838 · Cited by 113
Advances in DNA methylation: 5-hydroxymethylcytosine revisited
Dahl, C., Grønbæk, K., & Guldberg, P. (2011) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2011.02.013 · Cited by 117
Distinct and overlapping control of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the TET proteins in human cancer cells
Putiri, E. L., Tiedemann, R. L., Thompson, J. J., Liu, C., Ho, T. H., Choi, J.-H., & Robertson, K. D. (2014) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2014-15-6-r81 · Cited by 111
Regulation of the Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Subunit through Epigenetic Mechanisms
Lewis, K. A., & Tollefsbol, T. O. (2016) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2016.00083 · Cited by 112
The relationship between mercury exposure and epigenetic alterations regarding human health, risk assessment and diagnostic strategies
Khan, F., Momtaz, S., & Abdollahi, M. R. (2018) · Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.11.006 · Cited by 115
Cellular Dynamics of RNA Modification
Yi, C., & Pan, T. (2011) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/ar200057m · Cited by 111
Neuroepigenetics of stress
Griffiths, B. B., & Hunter, R. G. (2014) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.06.041 · Cited by 117
Role of base excision repair in maintaining the genetic and epigenetic integrity of CpG sites
Bellacosa, A., & Drohat, A. C. (2015) · DNA repair · doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.04.011 · Cited by 112
A genome‐wide profiling of brain DNA hydroxymethylation in Alzheimer's disease
Zhao, J., Zhu, Y., Yang, J., Lin, L., Wu, H., Jager, P. L. D., Jin, P., & Bennett, D. A. (2017) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2016.10.004 · Cited by 113
“Studies of mouse brain indicated that 5hmC is particularly enriched in the brain [18, 19] [9, 20], dynamically regulated during neurodevelopment [21– 23], and accumulates with age across the lifespan [21, 23–26].”
Background
A vitamin-C-derived DNA modification catalysed by an algal TET homologue
Xue, J., Chen, G.-D., Hao, F., Chen, H., Fang, Z., Chen, F., Pang, B., Yang, Q., Wei, X., Fan, Q.-Q., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1160-0 · Cited by 110
Genome-wide comparison of DNA hydroxymethylation in mouse embryonic stem cells and neural progenitor cells by a new comparative hMeDIP-seq method
Tan, L., Xiong, L., Xu, W., Wu, F., Huang, N., Xu, Y., Kong, L., Zheng, L., Schwartz, L., Shi, Y., et al. (2013) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkt091 · Cited by 115
The role of methyl-binding proteins in chromatin organization and epigenome maintenance
Fournier, A., Sasai, N., Nakao, M., & Defossez, P. (2011) · Briefings in Functional Genomics · doi:10.1093/bfgp/elr040 · Cited by 120
The physics of epigenetics
Cortini, R., Barbi, M., Caré, B. R., Lavelle, C., Lesne, A., Mozziconacci, J., & Victor, J. (2016) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.88.025002 · Cited by 116
Genomic distribution and possible functions of DNA hydroxymethylation in the brain
Wen, L., & Tang, F. (2014) · Genomics · doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2014.08.020 · Cited by 115
Epigenetic modifications in the nervous system and their impact upon cognitive impairments
Rudenko, A., & Tsai, L. (2014) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.01.043 · Cited by 111
ATM specifically mediates repair of double-strand breaks with blocked DNA ends
Álvarez-Quilón, A., Serrano-Benítez, A., Lieberman, J. A., Quintero, C., Sánchez‐Gutiérrez, D., Escudero, L. M., & Cortés‐Ledesma, F. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms4347 · Cited by 116
Ten-eleven translocation 2 interacts with forkhead box O3 and regulates adult neurogenesis
Li, X., Yao, B., Chen, L., Kang, Y., Li, Y., Cheng, Y., Li, L., Li, L., Wang, Z., Wang, M., et al. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms15903 · Cited by 105
Epigenetic memory: The Lamarckian brain
Fischer, A. (2014) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/embj.201387637 · Cited by 107
Structural Basis for Hydroxymethylcytosine Recognition by the SRA Domain of UHRF2
Zhou, T., Xiong, J., Wang, M., Yang, N., Wong, J., Zhu, B., & Xu, R.-M. (2014) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2014.04.003 · Cited by 106
Germline ablation of SMUG1 DNA glycosylase causes loss of 5-hydroxymethyluracil- and UNG-backup uracil-excision activities and increases cancer predisposition of Ung−/−Msh2−/− mice
Kemmerich, K., Dingler, F. A., Rada, C. A., & Neuberger, M. S. (2012) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gks259 · Cited by 109
Developmental windows of susceptibility for epigenetic inheritance through the male germline
Ly, L., Chan, D., & Trasler, J. M. (2015) · Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.07.006 · Cited by 108
Substantial DNA methylation differences between two major neuronal subtypes in human brain
Kozlenkov, A., Wang, M., Roussos, P., Rudchenko, S., Barbu, M., Bibikova, M. V., Klotzle, B., Dwork, A. J., Zhang, B., Hurd, Y. L., et al. (2015) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkv1304 · Cited by 130
Status epilepticus triggers early and late alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and NMDA glutamate receptor Grin2b DNA methylation levels in the hippocampus
Parrish, R. R., Albertson, A. J., Buckingham, S. C., Hablitz, J. J., Mascia, K. L., Haselden, W. D., & Lubin, F. D. (2013) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.06.029 · Cited by 107
CpG methylation recruits sequence specific transcription factors essential for tissue specific gene expression
Chatterjee, R., & Vinson, C. (2012) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms · doi:10.1016/j.bbagrm.2012.02.014 · Cited by 109
CyDNA: Synthesis and Replication of Highly Cy-Dye Substituted DNA by an Evolved Polymerase
Ramsay, N. A., Jemth, A., Brown, A. P. C., Crampton, N., Dear, P. H., & Holliger, P. (2010) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja909180c · Cited by 105
Choline Nutrition Programs Brain Development Via DNA and Histone Methylation
Blusztajn, J. K., & Mellott, T. J. (2012) · Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/187152412800792706 · Cited by 107
Integrative Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression Data Identifies EPAS1 as a Key Regulator of COPD
Yoo, S., Takikawa, S., Geraghty, P. M., Argmann, C., Campbell, J. D., Lin, L., Huang, T., Tu, Z., Feronjy, R., Spira, A. E., et al. (2015) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004898 · Cited by 102
Excision of thymine and 5-hydroxymethyluracil by the MBD4 DNA glycosylase domain: structural basis and implications for active DNA demethylation
Hashimoto, H., Zhang, X., & Cheng, X. (2012) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gks628 · Cited by 105
Role of the Epigenome in Heart Failure
Papait, R., Serio, S., & Condorelli, G. (2020) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00037.2019 · Cited by 107
Impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: Impact on pathogenesis via disturbed epigenetic regulation of chromatin landscape
Salminen, A., Haapasalo, A., Kauppinen, A., Kaarniranta, K., Soininen, H. S., & Hiltunen, M. O. (2015) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.05.001 · Cited by 107
Maternal control of early embryogenesis in mammals
Zhang, K., & Smith, G. W. (2015) · Reproduction Fertility and Development · doi:10.1071/rd14441 · Cited by 108
Mapping epigenetic modifications by sequencing technologies
Chen, X., Xu, H., Shu, X., & Song, C.-X. (2025) · Cell Death & Differentiation · doi:10.1038/s41418-023-01213-1 · Cited by 105
DNA methylation in Parkinson's disease
Wüllner, U., Kaut, O., deBoni, L., Piston, D., & Schmitt, I. (2016) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.13646 · Cited by 107
Forensic individual age estimation with DNA: From initial approaches to methylation tests.
Freire-Aradas, A., Phillips, C., & Lareu, M. V. (2017) · PubMed · Cited by 104
Epigenetic Regulation of Genomic Stability by Vitamin C
Brabson, J. P., Leesang, T. E., Mohammad, S., & Cimmino, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.675780 · Cited by 111
Non‐canonical Bases in the Genome: The Regulatory Information Layer in DNA
Carell, T., Kurz, M. Q., Müller, M., Rossa, M., & Spada, F. (2017) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201708228 · Cited by 104
A common mode of recognition for methylated CpG
Liu, Y., Zhang, X., Blumenthal, R., & Cheng, X. (2013) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2012.12.005 · Cited by 103
Cellular hallmarks of aging emerge in the ovary prior to primordial follicle depletion
Ansere, V. A., Ali-Mondal, S., Sathiaseelan, R., Garcia, D. N., Isola, J. V. V., Henseb, J. D., Saccon, T. D., Ocañas, S. R., Tooley, K. B., Stout, M. B., et al. (2021) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2020.111425 · Cited by 101
TET Genes: new players in DNA demethylation and important determinants for stemness
Mohr, F., Döhner, K., Buske, C., & Rawat, V. P. S. (2010) · Experimental Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.exphem.2010.12.004 · Cited by 103
Determination of Oxidation Products of 5-Methylcytosine in Plants by Chemical Derivatization Coupled with Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis
Tang, Y., Xiong, J., Jiang, H.-P., Zheng, S.-J., Feng, Y., & Yuan, B. (2014) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac5016886 · Cited by 102
Genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells reveal overrepresentation of ETS transcription factor binding sites
Hogart, A., Lichtenberg, J., Ajay, S. S., Anderson, S., NIH Intramural Sequencing Center, Margulies, E. H., & Bodine, D. M. (2012) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.132878.111 · Cited by 101
The emerging role of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in neurodegenerative diseases
Al‐Mahdawi, S., Virmouni, S. A., & Pook, M. A. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2014.00397 · Cited by 101
The genetics of cognitive epigenetics
Kleefstra, T., Schenck, A., Kramer, J. M., & van Bokhoven, H. (2014) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.12.025 · Cited by 114
Epigenetics of major psychosis: progress, problems and perspectives
Labrie, V., Pai, S., & Petronis, A. (2012) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2012.04.002 · Cited by 103
Selective vulnerability of layer 5a corticostriatal neurons in Huntington’s disease
Pressl, C., Mätlik, K., Kus, L., Darnell, P., Luo, J., Paul, M. R., Weiss, A. R., Liguore, W. A., Carroll, T. S., Davis, D. A., et al. (2024) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2023.12.009 · Cited by 101
“Procedures for nuclei isolation and sFANS were based on protocols previously established in our lab 40,98,99 and were applied with modiﬁcations.”
Self-citation
Analytical tools and current challenges in the modern era of neuroepigenomics
Maze, I., Shen, L., Zhang, B., Garcia, B. A., Shao, N., Mitchell, A., Sun, H., Akbarian, S., Allis, C. D., & Nestler, E. J. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3816 · Cited by 100
The promise and failures of epigenetic therapies for cancer treatment
Bojang, P., & Ramos, K. S. (2013) · Cancer Treatment Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.05.009 · Cited by 101
The GLIB technique for genome-wide mapping of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine
Pastor, W. A., Huang, Y., Henderson, H. R., Agarwal, S., & Rao, A. (2012) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2012.104 · Cited by 98
TET-mediated oxidation of methylcytosine causes TDG or NEIL glycosylase dependent gene reactivation
Müller, U., Bauer, C., Siegl, M., Rottach, A., & Leonhardt, H. (2014) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gku552 · Cited by 100
TET enzymes and DNA hydroxymethylation in neural development and function — How critical are they?
Santiago, M., Antunes, C., Guedes, M., Sousa, N., & Marques, C. J. (2014) · Genomics · doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2014.08.018 · Cited by 102

Authors: Kriaucionis, S., & Heintz, N.
Affiliations: Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
Corresponding author: Heintz, Nathaniel
ORCID: Heintz, Nathaniel
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 2009-05-15
Volume: 324
Issue: 5929
Pages: 929-930
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.1169786
PMC: PMC3263819
OpenAlex: W2152451432
Cited by: 2,700
References: 14
Citations by year: 2026: 53 · 2025: 69 · 2024: 84 · 2023: 93 · 2022: 112 · 2021: 137 · 2020: 107 · 2019: 150 · 2018: 190 · 2017: 218 · 2016: 236 · 2015: 220 · 2014: 259 · 2013: 252 · 2012: 202
FWCI: 69.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA modifications and cancer
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
Keywords: 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, Purkinje cells, cerebellar granule cells, DNA methylation, epigenetic regulation, brain DNA, nucleotide composition
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain Chemistry, Cell Line, Cerebellum, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Chromatography, Thin Layer, Cytosine, Deoxycytidine, DNA, DNA Damage, Humans, Purkinje Cells, Mass Spectrometry, 5-Methylcytosine, Mice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Nuclear DNA Base 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Is Present in Purkinje Neurons and the Brain

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks