Cited by 8,458Forest Management and PolicyForest ecology and managementPlant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics

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A Large and Persistent Carbon Sink in the World’s Forests

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Pan, Yude, Birdsey, Richard A., Fang, Jingyun, Houghton, Richard, Kauppi, Pekka E., Kurz, Werner A., Phillips, Oliver L., Shvidenko, Anatoly, Lewis, Simon L., Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Pacala, Stephen W., McGuire, A. David, Piao, Shilong, Rautiainen, Aapo, Sitch, Stephen, Hayes, Daniel·2011·Science

DOI 10.1126/science.1201609

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Abstract

The terrestrial carbon sink has been large in recent decades, but its size and location remain uncertain. Using forest inventory data and long-term ecosystem carbon studies, we estimate a total forest sink of 2.4 ± 0.4 petagrams of carbon per year (Pg C year(-1)) globally for 1990 to 2007. We also estimate a source of 1.3 ± 0.7 Pg C year(-1) from tropical land-use change, consisting of a gross tropical deforestation emission of 2.9 ± 0.5 Pg C year(-1) partially compensated by a carbon sink in tropical forest regrowth of 1.6 ± 0.5 Pg C year(-1). Together, the fluxes comprise a net global forest sink of 1.1 ± 0.8 Pg C year(-1), with tropical estimates having the largest uncertainties. Our total forest sink estimate is equivalent in magnitude to the terrestrial sink deduced from fossil fuel emissions and land-use change sources minus ocean and atmospheric sinks.

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Self-citation

Authors: Pan, Y., Birdsey, R. A., Fang, J., Houghton, R., Kauppi, P. E., Kurz, W. A., Phillips, O. L., Shvidenko, A., Lewis, S. L., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R. B., Pacala, S. W., McGuire, A. D., Piao, S., Rautiainen, A., Sitch, S., & Hayes, D.
Affiliations: US Forest Service (US)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
Woodwell Climate Research Center (US)
University of Helsinki (FI)
Canadian Forest Service (CA)
University of Leeds (GB)
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (AU)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
Duke University (US)
Princeton University (US)
United States Geological Survey (US)
Peking University (CN)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (US)
Corresponding author: Pan, Yude
ORCID: Pan, Yude
Birdsey, Richard A.
Fang, Jingyun
Houghton, Richard
Kauppi, Pekka E.
Kurz, Werner A.
Phillips, Oliver L.
Lewis, Simon L.
Canadell, Josep G.
Ciais, Philippe
Jackson, Robert B.
Pacala, Stephen W.
McGuire, A. David
Piao, Shilong
Rautiainen, Aapo
Sitch, Stephen
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 2011-08-19
Volume: 333
Issue: 6045
Pages: 988-993
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.1201609
OpenAlex: W1516075103
Cited by: 8,458
References: 32
Citations by year: 2026: 799 · 2025: 838 · 2024: 847 · 2023: 785 · 2022: 763 · 2021: 784 · 2020: 570 · 2019: 531 · 2018: 531 · 2017: 404 · 2016: 407 · 2015: 339 · 2014: 318 · 2013: 318 · 2012: 194
FWCI: 231.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Institute of Botany, CAS Institutional Repository (submittedVersion)
IIASA PURE (International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis) (submittedVersion)
FSC® Open Knowledge Repository (FSCOKR)
Funders: Natural Environment Research Council (NE/B503384/1, NE/B504630/1, NE/D000300/1)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Forestry › Forest Management and Policy
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Forestry › Forest ecology and management
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
Keywords: terrestrial carbon sink, tropical deforestation, land use change emissions, forest inventory data, fossil fuel emissions
MeSH terms: Atmosphere, Carbon, Carbon Dioxide, Conservation of Natural Resources, Trees, Tropical Climate, Ecosystem, Biomass, Climate Change, Carbon Sequestration

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A Large and Persistent Carbon Sink in the World’s Forests

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