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A Large and Persistent Carbon Sink in the World’s Forests
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The terrestrial carbon sink has been large in recent decades, but its size and location remain uncertain. Using forest inventory data and long-term ecosystem carbon studies, we estimate a total forest sink of 2.4 ± 0.4 petagrams of carbon per year (Pg C year(-1)) globally for 1990 to 2007. We also estimate a source of 1.3 ± 0.7 Pg C year(-1) from tropical land-use change, consisting of a gross tropical deforestation emission of 2.9 ± 0.5 Pg C year(-1) partially compensated by a carbon sink in tropical forest regrowth of 1.6 ± 0.5 Pg C year(-1). Together, the fluxes comprise a net global forest sink of 1.1 ± 0.8 Pg C year(-1), with tropical estimates having the largest uncertainties. Our total forest sink estimate is equivalent in magnitude to the terrestrial sink deduced from fossil fuel emissions and land-use change sources minus ocean and atmospheric sinks.
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“The global forest net C sink is estimated at 10.7 Gt CO2-eq year−1,112 which is mainly distributed in temperate regions.145”
From Technologies and perspectives for achieving carbon neutrality (2021) · cites this paper as [145]
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Pan, Y., Birdsey, R. A., Fang, J., Houghton, R., Kauppi, P. E., Kurz, W. A., Phillips, O. L., Shvidenko, A., Lewis, S. L., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R. B., Pacala, S. W., McGuire, A. D., Piao, S., Rautiainen, A., Sitch, S., & Hayes, D.
- Affiliations
- US Forest Service (US)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Woodwell Climate Research Center (US)
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Canadian Forest Service (CA)
- University of Leeds (GB)
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (AU)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Duke University (US)
- Princeton University (US)
- United States Geological Survey (US)
- Peking University (CN)
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pan, Yude
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2011-08-19
- Volume
- 333
- Issue
- 6045
- Pages
- 988-993
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1516075103
- Cited by
- 8,458
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 799 · 2025: 838 · 2024: 847 · 2023: 785 · 2022: 763 · 2021: 784 · 2020: 570 · 2019: 531 · 2018: 531 · 2017: 404 · 2016: 407 · 2015: 339 · 2014: 318 · 2013: 318 · 2012: 194
- FWCI
- 231.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Institute of Botany, CAS Institutional Repository (submittedVersion)
- IIASA PURE (International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis) (submittedVersion)
- FSC® Open Knowledge Repository (FSCOKR)
- Funders
- Natural Environment Research Council (NE/B503384/1, NE/B504630/1, NE/D000300/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Forestry › Forest Management and Policy
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Forestry › Forest ecology and management
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Keywords
- terrestrial carbon sink, tropical deforestation, land use change emissions, forest inventory data, fossil fuel emissions
- MeSH terms
- Atmosphere, Carbon, Carbon Dioxide, Conservation of Natural Resources, Trees, Tropical Climate, Ecosystem, Biomass, Climate Change, Carbon Sequestration
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