The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Pineal Gland: A Neurochemical Transducer: Chemical signals from nerves regulate synthesis of melatonin and convey information about internal clocks.
Abstract
In this article, Axelrod applied signal transduction theory to his research on the metabolic function of serotonin, even describing the pineal gland as a "neurochemical transducer."
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
ISOLATION OF MELATONIN, THE PINEAL GLAND FACTOR THAT LIGHTENS MELANOCYTES1
Lerner, A. B., Case, J. D., Takahashi, Y., Lee, T. H., & Mori, W. (1958) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja01543a060 · Cited by 1,758
The neurosciences. Third study program
(1975) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology · doi:10.1016/s0300-9629(75)80111-3 · Cited by 1,429
Indole Metabolism in the Pineal Gland: A Circadian Rhythm in N -Acetyltransferase
Klein, D. C., & Weller, J. L. (1970) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.169.3950.1093 · Cited by 746
The development, topographical relations and innervation of the epiphysis cerebri in the albino rat
Kappers, J. A. (1960) · Zeitschrift f�r Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie · doi:10.1007/bf00338980 · Cited by 567
Tryptophan Hydroxylation: Measurement in Pineal Gland, Brainstem, and Carcinoid Tumor
Lovenberg, W., Jequier, E., & Sjoerdsma, A. (1967) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.155.3759.217 · Cited by 471
Lerner, A. B., Case, J. D., & Heinzelman, R. V. (1959) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja01531a060 · Cited by 443
Acetylcholine Receptors in Muscle Fibres
MILEDI, R., & POTTER, L. T. (1971) · Nature · doi:10.1038/233599a0 · Cited by 440
Melatonin Synthesis in the Pineal Gland: Control by Light
Wurtman, R. J., Axelrod, J., & Phillips, L. S. (1963) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.142.3595.1071 · Cited by 432
Self-citationSUPERSENSITIVITY AND SUBSENSITIVITY TO SYMPATHOMIMETIC AMINES
TRENDELENBURG, U. (1963) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0031-6997(25)07025-5 · Cited by 420
Purification and Properties of Hydroxyindole-O-methyl Transferase
Axelrod, J., & Weissbach, H. (1961) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)64458-8 · Cited by 410
Self-citation
Cited by
Pineal Melatonin: Cell Biology of Its Synthesis and of Its Physiological Interactions*
REITER, R. J. (1991) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-12-2-151 · Cited by 2,192
The glymphatic system: a beginner's guide
Jessen, N. A., Munk, A. S. F., Lundgaard, I., & Nedergaard, M. (2015) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-015-1581-6 · Cited by 2,075
Melatonin: Nature’s most versatile biological signal?
Pandi‐Perumal, S. R., Srinivasan, V., Maestroni, G. J. M., Cardinali, D. P., Poeggeler, B., & Hardeland, R. (2006) · The FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05322.x · Cited by 875
Rod outer segment disk shedding in rat retina: relationship to cyclic lighting
LaVail, M. M. (1976) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.982063 · Cited by 689
Melatonin: The chemical expression of darkness
Reiter, R. J. (1991) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/0303-7207(91)90087-9 · Cited by 632
Metadata
- Authors
- Axelrod, J.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1974-06-28
- Volume
- 184
- Issue
- 4144
- Pages
- 1341-1348
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2064215179
- Cited by
- 874
- References
- 43
- FWCI
- 31.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Pineal Gland: A Neurochemical Transducer: Chemical signals from nerves regulate synthesis of melatonin and convey information about internal clocks. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.184.4144.1341
- The paper
- Axelrod, J. (1974). The Pineal Gland: A Neurochemical Transducer: Chemical signals from nerves regulate synthesis of melatonin and convey information about internal clocks. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.184.4144.1341
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.