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Diversity of G Proteins in Signal Transduction

Simon, Melvin I., Strathmann, Michael P., Gautam, Narasimhan·1991·Science
DOI 10.1126/science.1902986
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Abstract

The heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) act as switches that regulate information processing circuits connecting cell surface receptors to a variety of effectors. The G proteins are present in all eukaryotic cells, and they control metabolic, humoral, neural, and developmental functions. More than a hundred different kinds of receptors and many different effectors have been described. The G proteins that coordinate receptor-effector activity are derived from a large gene family. At present, the family is known to contain at least sixteen different genes that encode the alpha subunit of the heterotrimer, four that encode beta subunits, and multiple genes encoding gamma subunits. Specific transient interactions between these components generate the pathways that modulate cellular responses to complex chemical signals.

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Cited by

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Metadata

Authors
Simon, M. I., Strathmann, M. P., & Gautam, N.
Venue
Science
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published
1991-05-10
Volume
252
Issue
5007
Pages
802-808
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
DOI
10.1126/science.1902986
OpenAlex
W1972760976
Cited by
2,014
References
2
FWCI
68.49
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Diversity of G Proteins in Signal Transduction. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.1902986
The paper
Simon, M. I., Strathmann, M. P., & Gautam, N. (1991). Diversity of G Proteins in Signal Transduction. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1902986

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.