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Cited by 3,397Child and Animal Learning DevelopmentChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentGrit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Delay of gratification in children.

Mischel, Walter, Shoda, Yuichi, Rodriguez, Monica L.·1989·Science
DOI 10.1126/science.2658056
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Abstract

To function effectively, individuals must voluntarily postpone immediate gratification and persist in goal-directed behavior for the sake of later outcomes. The present research program analyzed the nature of this type of future-oriented self-control and the psychological processes that underlie it. Enduring individual differences in self-control were found as early as the preschool years. Those 4-year-old children who delayed gratification longer in certain laboratory situations developed into more cognitively and socially competent adolescents, achieving higher scholastic performance and coping better with frustration and stress. Experiments in the same research program also identified specific cognitive and attentional processes that allow effective self-regulation early in the course of development. The experimental results, in turn, specified the particular types of preschool delay situations diagnostic for predicting aspects of cognitive and social competence later in life.

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Crossref · 10.1126/science.2658056

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49 of 49 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Citations

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Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. Brown, A. L., Handbook of Child Psychology 3: 77 (1983).
  2. Freud, S., Collected Papers 4: 13 (1959).
  3. HARTER, S, HDB CHILD PSYCHOL 4: 275 (1983).
  4. Mischel, W., Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology 11: 199 (1978).
  5. Rodriguez, M. L., Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 57: 358 (1989). · DOI

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Metadata

Authors
Mischel, W., Shoda, Y., & Rodriguez, M. L.
Affiliations
  • Columbia University (US)
  • Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
ORCID
Shoda, Yuichi
Venue
Science
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published
1989-05-26
Volume
244
Issue
4907
Pages
933-938
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
DOI
10.1126/science.2658056
OpenAlex
W2004704125
Cited by
3,397
References
49
Citations by year
2026: 77 · 2025: 105 · 2024: 108 · 2023: 116 · 2022: 163 · 2021: 166 · 2020: 258 · 2019: 240 · 2018: 194 · 2017: 177 · 2016: 169 · 2015: 193 · 2014: 174 · 2013: 171 · 2012: 143
FWCI
4.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
Keywords
delay of gratification, self-control, preschool children, individual differences, cognitive skills, social competence, scholastic performance, stress coping, self-regulation, attentional processes
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Psychological, Attention, Child, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Female, Frustration, Humans, Individuality, Male, Reward, Social Adjustment

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