G 1 Events and Regulation of Cell Proliferation
Abstract
Cells prepare for S phase during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Cell biological methods have provided knowledge of cycle kinetics and of substages of G1 that are determined by extracellular signals. Through the use of biochemical and molecular biological techniques to study effects of growth factors, oncogenes, and inhibitors, intracellular events during G1 that lead to DNA synthesis are rapidly being discovered. Many cells in vivo are in a quiescent state (G0), with unduplicated DNA. Cells can be activated to reenter the cycle during G1. Similarly, cells in culture can be shifted between G0 and G1. These switches in and out of G1 are the main determinants of post-embryonic cell proliferation rate and are defectively controlled in cancer cells.
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In metazoans, passage through the late-G1 restriction point generally requires extracellular mitogenic signals.
“In metazoans, except for specific embryonic cycles, progression through the restriction point in late G1 requires extracellular mitogenic signals (Pardee, 1989).”
From PP2A holoenzymes, substrate specificity driving cellular functions and deregulation in cancer (2019) · cites this paper as Pardee, 1989
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- Authors
- Pardee, A. B.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pardee, Arthur B.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1989-11-03
- Volume
- 246
- Issue
- 4930
- Pages
- 603-608
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1974391793
- Cited by
- 2,182
- References
- 136
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 18.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (24571)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
- Keywords
- G1 phase, cell cycle regulation, cell proliferation, G0 to G1 transition, quiescence, growth factors, oncogenes, cell cycle inhibitors, S phase, DNA synthesis, cancer cells, cell cycle kinetics
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Cycle, Cell Division, Cell Membrane, Cell Nucleus, Humans, Interphase, Models, Biological, Neoplasms, Signal Transduction, Gene Expression
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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