Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 2,492

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Phylogenetic Perspectives in Innate Immunity

Hoffmann, Jules A., Kafatos, Fotis C., Janeway, Charles A., Ezekowitz, R. A. B.·1999·Science
DOI 10.1126/science.284.5418.1313
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The concept of innate immunity refers to the first-line host defense that serves to limit infection in the early hours after exposure to microorganisms. Recent data have highlighted similarities between pathogen recognition, signaling pathways, and effector mechanisms of innate immunity in Drosophila and mammals, pointing to a common ancestry of these defenses. In addition to its role in the early phase of defense, innate immunity in mammals appears to play a key role in stimulating the subsequent, clonal response of adaptive immunity.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1126/science.284.5418.1313

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 2 references

Research works printed but not linked: 105

  1. 10.1101/SQB.1989.054.01.003 · DOI · Paper page
  2. 10.1126/science.272.5258.50 · DOI · Paper page
  3. Hultmark D., Trends Genet. 9, 178 (1993); · DOI · Paper page
  4. Boman H. G., Annu. Rev. Immunol. 13, 61 (1995); · DOI
  5. 10.1016/S0962-8924(97)01087-8 · DOI
  6. Ferrandon D., et al., EMBO J. 17, 1217 (1998). · DOI · Paper page
  7. Steiner H., Hultmark D., Engström A., Bennich H., Boman H. G., Nature 292, 246 (1981). · DOI · Paper page
  8. Ganz T., Lehrer R. I., Curr. Opin. Immunol. 10, 41 (1998); · DOI · Paper page
  9. Lehrer R. I., Clin. Infect. Dis. 25, 1141 (1997); · DOI
  10. 10.1073/pnas.94.16.8686 · DOI
  11. 10.1104/pp.108.4.1353 · DOI · Paper page
  12. ; C. Hetru D. Hoffmann P. Bulet in Molecular Mechanisms of Immune Responses in Insects P. T. Brey and D. Hultmark Eds. (Chapman & Hall London 1977) pp. 40–66;
  13. Selsted M. E., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 271, 16430 (1996); · DOI
  14. Bevins C. L., Jones D. E., Dutra A., Schaffzin J., Muenke M., Genomics 31, 95 (1996); · DOI
  15. 10.1172/JCI112120 · DOI · Paper page
  16. Porter E. M., et al., FEBS Lett. 434, 272 (1998); · DOI
  17. 10.1172/JCI1861 · DOI · Paper page
  18. 10.1016/S0962-8924(00)88961-8 · DOI
  19. Ouelette A. J., et al., Infect. Immun. 62, 5040 (1994); · DOI
  20. Gallo R. L., Huttner K. M., J. Invest. Dermatol. 111, 739 (1998). · DOI
  21. Zanetti M., Gennaro R., Romeo D., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 832, 147 (1997). · DOI
  22. Gazit E., Miller I. R., Biggin P. C., Sansom M. S., Shai Y., Mol. Biol. 258, 860 (1996); · DOI · Paper page
  23. Matsuzaki K., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1376, 391 (1998). · DOI · Paper page
  24. K. V. Anderson and C. Nüsslein-Volhard in Gametogenesis and the Early Embryo J. Gall Ed. (Liss New York 1986) pp. 177–194; Nature 311 223 (1984); · DOI · Paper page
  25. 10.1126/science.3118464 · DOI · Paper page
  26. Govind S., Steward R., Trends Genet. 7, 119 (1991);
  27. 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80172-5 · DOI · Paper page
  28. 10.1073/pnas.92.21.9465 · DOI · Paper page
  29. 10.1038/32195 · DOI · Paper page
  30. Ip T. Y., et al., Cell 75, 753 (1993); · DOI · Paper page
  31. 10.1073/pnas.93.19.10343 · DOI · Paper page
  32. 10.1242/dev.120.4.885 · DOI
  33. 10.1093/emboj/16.20.6120 · DOI · Paper page
  34. Lemaitre B., Reichhart J. M., Hoffmann J. A., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94, 14614 (1998). · DOI · Paper page
  35. Iwanaga S., Kawabata S. I., Muta T., J. Biochem. 123, 1 (1998). · DOI · Paper page
  36. Söderhäll K., Cerenius L., Curr. Opin. Immunol. 10, 23 (1998). · DOI · Paper page
  37. Braun A., Hoffmann J. A., Meister M., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95, 14337 (1998). · DOI
  38. Beier J. C., Annu. Rev. Entomol. 43, 519 (1998). · DOI · Paper page
  39. 10.1126/science.3532325 · DOI · Paper page
  40. 10.1006/expr.1995.1074 · DOI
  41. S. M. Paskewitz and B. M. Christensen in The Biology of Disease Vectors B. J. Beaty and W. C. Marquardt Eds. (Univ. Press of Colorado Niwot CO 1996) pp. 371–392;
  42. Lehane M. J., Wu D., Lehane S. M., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94, 11502 (1997); · DOI
  43. Luckhart S., Vodovotz Y., Cui L., Rosenberg R., ibid. 95, 5700 (1998);
  44. 10.1093/emboj/16.20.6114 · DOI
  45. Dimopoulos G., Seeley D., Wolf A., Kafatos F. C., ibid. 17, 6115 (1998).
  46. 10.1146/annurev.me.38.020187.002221 · DOI · Paper page
  47. Gutierrez-Ramos J. C., Bluethmann H., Immunol. Today 18, 329 (1997); · DOI
  48. Warren H. S., N. Engl. J. Med. 336, 952 (1997). · DOI
  49. Fenton M. J., Golenbock D. T., J. Leukoc. Biol. 64, 25 (1998). · DOI · Paper page
  50. 10.1073/pnas.94.20.10973 · DOI
  51. Weiss J., Curr. Opin. Hematol. 1, 78 (1994);
  52. Elsbach P., Weiss J., Curr. Opin. Immunol. 10, 45 (1999); · DOI
  53. 10.1126/science.276.5320.1861 · DOI · Paper page
  54. Tobias P. S., Soldau K., Ulevitch R. J., J. Exp. Med. 164, 777 (1986); · DOI · Paper page
  55. Ulevitch R. J., Tobias P. S., Curr. Opin. Immunol. 11, 19 (1999); · DOI · Paper page
  56. Jack R. S., et al., Nature 389, 742 (1997); · DOI · Paper page
  57. Wurfel M. M., et al., J. Exp. Med. 186, 205 (1997); · DOI
  58. 10.1126/science.1698311 · DOI · Paper page
  59. 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80254-X · DOI · Paper page
  60. Sastry K., Ezekowitz R. A. B., Curr. Opin. Immunol. 5, 59 (1993); · DOI
  61. Crouch E. C., Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol. 19, 177 (1998); · DOI · Paper page
  62. Wright J. R., Physiol. Rev. 77, 931 (1997); · DOI · Paper page
  63. Eggleton P., Reid K. B. M., Curr. Opin. Immunol. 11, 28 (1999); · DOI
  64. Turner M. W., Immunol. Today 17, 532 (1996) . · DOI · Paper page
  65. LeVine A. M., et al., J. Immunol. 158, 4336 (1997); · DOI · Paper page
  66. Botas C., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95, 11869 (1998). · DOI · Paper page
  67. Ezekowitz R. A. B., Curr. Biol. 1, 60 (1991); · DOI
  68. Malhotra R., Sim R. B., Trends Microbiol. 240, 240 (1995); · DOI
  69. Feizi T., Larkin M., Glycobiology 1, 17 (1990); · DOI
  70. Epstein J., Eichbaum Q., Sheriff S., Ezekowitz R. A. B., Curr. Opin. Immunol. 8, 29 (1996); · DOI · Paper page
  71. Anders E. M., Hartley C. A., Jackson D. C., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87, 4485 (1990). · DOI
  72. Weis W. I., Drickamer K., Hendrickson W. A., Nature 360, 127 (1992); · DOI · Paper page
  73. 10.1146/annurev.bi.65.070196.002301 · DOI · Paper page
  74. Weis W. I., Taylor M. E., Drickamer K., Immunol. Rev. 163, 19 (1998). · DOI · Paper page
  75. Aderem A., Underhill D. M., Annu. Rev. Immunol. 17, 593 (1999). · DOI · Paper page
  76. Reid K. B. M., Porter R. R., Annu. Rev. Biochem. 50, 433 (1981); · DOI · Paper page
  77. Muller-Eberhard H. J., ibid. 57, 321 (1988).
  78. Reid K. B. M., Turner M. W., Springer Semin. Immunopathol. 13, 307 (1993);
  79. Matsushita M., Fujita T., J. Exp. Med. 176, 1497 (1992); · DOI · Paper page
  80. Thiel S., et al., Nature 386, 506 (1997); · DOI · Paper page
  81. Takayama Y., Takada F., Takahashi A., Kawakami M., J. Immunol. 152, 2308 (1994); · DOI
  82. Ji Y. H., et al., ibid. 150, 571 (1993).
  83. Matsushita M., Endo Y., Nonaka M., Fujita T., Curr. Opin. Immunol. 10, 29 (1998); · DOI
  84. Nonaka M., Takahashi M., J. Immunol. 148, 3290 (1992); · DOI
  85. Smith L. C., Chang L., Britten R. J., Davidson E. H., ibid. 156, 593 (1996).
  86. Agarwal A., Eastman Q. M., Schatz D. G., Nature 394, 744 (1998). · DOI · Paper page
  87. Medzhitov R., Preston-Hurlburt P., Janeway C. A., ibid. 388, 394 (1997);
  88. 10.1073/pnas.95.2.588 · DOI · Paper page
  89. Chaudury P. M., et al., Blood 91, 4020 (1998). · DOI
  90. 10.1126/science.282.5396.2085 · DOI · Paper page
  91. 10.1084/jem.189.4.615 · DOI · Paper page
  92. Eden C. S., Shahin R., Briles D., J. Immunol. 140, 180 (1988).
  93. Medzhitov R., et al., Mol. Cell 2, 253 (1998); · DOI · Paper page
  94. Kopp E. B., Medzhitov R., Curr. Opin. Immunol. 11, 13 (1999). · DOI · Paper page
  95. Yang Y., Shah J., Klessig D. F., Genes Dev. 11, 1621 (1997); · DOI · Paper page
  96. Hannond-Kosck K. E., Janewa J. D. G., Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 48, 575 (1997); · DOI · Paper page
  97. 10.1126/science.276.5313.726 · DOI · Paper page
  98. 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81099-5 · DOI · Paper page
  99. Goldman M., et al., ibid. 88, 553 (1997).
  100. Alper C. A., Abramson N., Johnston R. B., Jandl J. H., Rosen F. S., N. Engl. J. Med. 282, 349 (1970); · DOI · Paper page
  101. Botto M., Fong K. Y., So A. K., Koch C., Walport M. J., J. Exp. Med. 172, 1011 (1990) ; · DOI
  102. Wurzner R., Orren A., Lachmann P. J., Immunodefic. Rev. 3, 123 (1992).
  103. Super M., Thiel S., Lu J., Turner M. W., Lancet 2, 1236 (1989); · DOI · Paper page
  104. Garred P., Madsen H., Hoffman B., Svejgaard P., ibid. 346, 941 (1996);
  105. Summerfield J. A., Sumiya M., Levin M., Turner M. W., Br. Med. J. 314, 1229 (1997). · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

See all 2,492

Metadata

Authors
Hoffmann, J. A., Kafatos, F. C., Janeway, C. A., & Ezekowitz, R. A. B.
Venue
Science
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published
1999-05-21
Volume
284
Issue
5418
Pages
1313-1318
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
DOI
10.1126/science.284.5418.1313
OpenAlex
W2075787303
Cited by
2,492
References
2
FWCI
54.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Phylogenetic Perspectives in Innate Immunity. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.284.5418.1313
The paper
Hoffmann, J. A., Kafatos, F. C., Janeway, C. A., & Ezekowitz, R. A. B. (1999). Phylogenetic Perspectives in Innate Immunity. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5418.1313

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.