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Cytosine, but not adenine, base editors induce genome-wide off-target mutations in rice
Abstract
Spotting off-targets from gene editing Unintended genomic modifications limit the potential therapeutic use of gene-editing tools. Available methods to find off-targets generally do not work in vivo or detect single-nucleotide changes. Three papers in this issue report new methods for monitoring gene-editing tools in vivo (see the Perspective by Kempton and Qi). Wienert et al. followed the recruitment of a DNA repair protein to DNA breaks induced by CRISPR-Cas9, enabling unbiased detection of off-target editing in cellular and animal models. Zuo et al. identified off-targets without the interference of natural genetic heterogeneity by injecting base editors into one blastomere of a two-cell mouse embryo and leaving the other genetically identical blastomere unedited. Jin et al. performed whole-genome sequencing on individual, genome-edited rice plants to identify unintended mutations. Cytosine, but not adenine, base editors induced numerous single-nucleotide variants in both mouse and rice. Science , this issue p. 286 , p. 289 , p. 292 ; see also p. 234
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In the citing paper
“they create new formats of off-target effects such as RNA editing and sgRNA-independent DNA editing”
From Off-target effects in CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing (2023) · cites this paper as Jin et al., 2019
In the citing paper
“Although CBE and ABE greatly reduce the classic off-target effects of CRISPR/Cas9 systems”
From Off-target effects in CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing (2023) · cites this paper as Jin et al., 2019
In the citing paper
“Previously it has been shown that cytidine but not adenine base editors result in significant, genome-wide, off-target effects57,69.”
From One-step generation of tumor models by base editor multiplexing in adult stem cell-derived organoids (2023) · cites this paper as [57]
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Effective in vivo RNA base editing via engineered cytidine deaminase APOBECs fused with PUF proteins
Han, W., Yuan, B., Fan, X., Li, W., Yuan, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, S., Shan, S., Hafner, M., Wang, Z., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-64748-6 · Cited by 12
Engineering of cytosine base editors with DNA damage minimization and editing scope diversification
Yuan, B., Zhang, S., Song, L., Chen, J., Cao, J., Qiu, Z., Qiu, Z., Chen, J., Zhao, X., & Cheng, T.-L. (2023) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkad855 · Cited by 13
Insights into Prime Editing Technology: A Deep Dive into Fundamentals, Potentials, and Challenges
Hosseini, S. Y., Mallick, R., Mäkinen, P., & Ylä‐Herttuala, S. (2024) · Human Gene Therapy · doi:10.1089/hum.2024.043 · Cited by 12
Navigating the CRISPR/Cas Landscape for Enhanced Diagnosis and Treatment of Wilson’s Disease
Choi, W., Cha, S., & Kim, K. (2024) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13141214 · Cited by 15
Kumar, R., Shanker, R., Singh, P. K., Yadav, M. K., Chaudhary, V., & Kumar, M. (2024) · Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.pmpp.2024.102402 · Cited by 14
An overview of currently available molecular Cas-tools for precise genome modification
Kondrateva, E. V., Demchenko, A. G., Лавров, А. В., & Smirnikhina, S. (2020) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2020.145225 · Cited by 13
Will gene-edited and other GM crops fail sustainable food systems?
Wilson, A. K. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816410-5.00013-x · Cited by 14
CRISPR-Based Editing Techniques for Genetic Manipulation of Primary T Cells
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Development of a Simple and Quick Method to Assess Base Editing in Human Cells
Lv, X., Qiu, K., Tu, T., He, X., Peng, Y., Ye, J., Fu, J., Deng, R., Wang, Y., Wu, J., et al. (2020) · Molecular Therapy Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1016/j.omtn.2020.03.004 · Cited by 12
How Crisp is CRISPR? CRISPR-Cas-mediated crop improvement with special focus on nutritional traits
Kaul, T., Sony, S. K., Raman, N. M., Eswaran, M., Verma, R., Prakash, A. T., Bharti, J., Motelb, K. F. A., & Kaul, R. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818581-0.00011-5 · Cited by 12
The origin of unwanted editing byproducts in gene editing
Yin, J., & Hu, J. (2022) · Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica · doi:10.3724/abbs.2022056 · Cited by 11
Metadata
- Authors
- Jin, S., Zong, Y., Gao, Q., Zhu, Z., Wang, Y., Qin, P., Liang, C., Wang, D., Qiu, J.-L., Zhang, F., & Gao, C.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Sichuan Agricultural University (CN)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jin, Shuai
- Zong, Yuan
- Gao, Qiang
- Gao, Caixia
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2019-04-19
- Volume
- 364
- Issue
- 6437
- Pages
- 292-295
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2917855738
- Cited by
- 665
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 49 · 2025: 59 · 2024: 74 · 2023: 85 · 2022: 91 · 2021: 98 · 2020: 124 · 2019: 83
- FWCI
- 32.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (31788103)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (QYZDY-SSW-SMC030)
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0101804)
- college of biological sciences, University of Minnesota startup funding
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA regulation and disease
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Genetic and Mutation Studies
- Keywords
- base editors, cytosine base editors, adenine base editors, off-target mutations, single nucleotide variants, CRISPR/Cas9, genome editing, rice, single-cell whole-genome sequencing
- MeSH terms
- Gene Editing, Whole Genome Sequencing, Adenine, Cytosine, DNA Mutational Analysis, Mutation, Oryza, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Agrobacterium
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