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The Coactivator PGC-1 Cooperates with Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α in Transcriptional Control of Nuclear Genes Encoding Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation Enzymes

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Deciphering the Blood–Brain Barrier Paradox in Brain Metastasis Development and Therapy

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Decoding adipose–brain crosstalk: Distinct lipid cargo in human adipose‐derived extracellular vesicles modulates amyloid aggregation in Alzheimer's disease

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Concentrations of plasma-borne extracellular particles differ between multiple sclerosis disease courses and compared to healthy controls

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The future of quantum dot fluorescent labelling of extracellular vesicles for biomedical applications

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Increased levels of extracellular matrix proteins associated with extracellular vesicles from brains of aged mice

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Glycolytic Enzyme HK2 Phosphorylates nSMase1 to Promote Astrocytic Exosomes Biogenesis Contributing to Acute Ischemic Stroke Injury

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Hybrid Extracellular Vesicles With Combined Functional Properties From Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Astrocytes for Targeted Neurodegenerative Disease Applications

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Neurodegenerative Susceptibility During Maternal Nutritional Programing: Are Central and Peripheral Innate Immune Training Relevant?

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Changes in Hippocampus and Amygdala Volume with Hypoxic Stress Related to Cardiorespiratory Fitness under a High-Altitude Environment

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Circular RNAs in extracellular vesicles: Promising candidate biomarkers for schizophrenia

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Hepatic acute phase response protects the brain from focal inflammation during postnatal window of susceptibility

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Uptake of DU145 and LNCaP prostate cancer cell line derived extracellular vesicles is inversely correlated with blood–brain barrier integrity in vitro

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Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 inhibition alters inflammatory gene expression signatures in the brain of mice infected with West Nile virus

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Therapeutic effect of neural induced-stem cell-derived exosomes by regulating ERK/p38/NF-κB in traumatic brain injury

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Neuroprotective Effects of Astrocyte Extracellular Vesicles in Stroke

Yakovlev, A. A. (2022) · Neurochemical Journal · doi:10.1134/s1819712422020143 · Cited by 7

Neuroangiogenesis potential of mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles in ischemic stroke conditions

Mirzaahmadi, B., Ahmadian, S., Haddadi, P., Nezhad‐Mokhtari, P., Nezamdoust, F. V., Yalameha, B., Chegeni, S. A., Rashidi, S., Mousakhani, A., Sokullu, E., et al. (2025) · Cell Communication and Signaling · doi:10.1186/s12964-025-02286-w · Cited by 10

Extracellular Vesicle-Based Biomarkers in Spinal Cord Injury: A State-of-the-Art Review on Diagnostic and Prognostic Advances

Vo, T. N., Shin, H. E., Kim, Y., & Han, I. B. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27042079 · Cited by 6

Look Who Is Talking: Extracellular Vesicles as Mediators of Intercellular and Interorgan Communication

Saviana, M., Romano, G., Morales, D. D. V., Acunzo, M., & Nana-Sinkam, P. S. (2026) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cph4.70128 · Cited by 7

Mitochondrial dysfunction in brain tissues and Extracellular Vesicles Fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome

Yao, P. J., Manolopoulos, A., Eren, E., Rivera, S. M., Hessl, D. R., Hagerman, R. J., Martínez‐Cerdeño, V., Tassone, F., & Kapogiannis, D. (2024) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.52040 · Cited by 6

Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells alleviate depressive-like behavior in a rat model of chronic stress

Costa‐Ferro, Z. S. M., Cunha, R. S., Rossi, E. A., Loiola, E. C., Cipriano, B. P., Figueiredo, J. C. Q., da Silva, E. A., de Lima, A. V. R., Ribeiro, A. M. D. J., Moitinho, V. S., et al. (2025) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2025.123479 · Cited by 7

Extracellular Vesicles: A New Paradigm for Cellular Communication in Perioperative Medicine, Critical Care, and Pain Management

Zhou, K., Patel, H. H., & Roth, D. M. (2021) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000005655 · Cited by 6

Extracellular Vesicles: A New Approach to Study the Brain’s Neural System and Its Diseases

Afridi, S., Sharma, P., Choudhary, F., Rizwan, A., Nizam, A., Parvez, A., & Farooqi, H. (2024) · Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1007/s12013-024-01271-3 · Cited by 6

Frontiers in Toxicogenomics in the Twenty-First Century—the Grand Challenge: To Understand How the Genome and Epigenome Interact with the Toxic Environment at the Single-Cell, Whole-Organism, and Multi-Generational Level

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Proceedings of the 2017 ISEV symposium on “HIV, NeuroHIV, drug abuse, & EVs”

Hu, G., Yelamanchili, S. V., Kashanchi, F., Haughey, N. J., Bond, V. C., Witwer, K. W., Pulliam, L., & Buch, S. J. (2017) · Journal of NeuroVirology · doi:10.1007/s13365-017-0599-8 · Cited by 6

Hetero Sandwich Immunoassay as Tool to Probe the Composition of the Extracellular Vesicles Membranes: The Case Study of L1CAM Localization

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Redefining the Limits of Nanodevices-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Extracellular Vesicles

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Emerging Role of Astrocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Active Participants in CNS Neuroimmune Responses

Sutter, P. A., Lavoie, E. R., Lombardo, E. T., Pinter, M. K., & Crocker, S. J. (2023) · Immunological Investigations · doi:10.1080/08820139.2023.2281621 · Cited by 6

Extracellular vesicles: an emerging tool for wild immunology

Espejo, C., & Ezenwa, V. O. (2024) · Discovery Immunology · doi:10.1093/discim/kyae011 · Cited by 6

Neuroserpin and Extracellular Vesicles in Ischemic Stroke: Partners in Neuroprotection?

Brenna, S., Glatzel, M., Magnus, T. U., Puig, B., & Galliciotti, G. (2024) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2024.0518 · Cited by 5

Neuroprotective Proteins in Hypoxia-stressed Astrocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

Bernal-Vicente, B. N., Ponce, I., Gutiérrez, M. S., Ríos-Castro, E., & Tovar‐y‐Romo, L. B. (2025) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/011570159x359837250611052037 · Cited by 5

Human Adult Astrocyte Extracellular Vesicle Transcriptomics Study Identifies Specific RNAs Which Are Preferentially Secreted as EV Luminal Cargo

Shanthi, K., Fischer, D., Sharma, A., Kiviniemi, A., Kaakinen, M., Vainio, S., & Bart, G. (2023) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes14040853 · Cited by 5

A novel brain-to-gut communication pathway mediated by astrocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles modulates stress-induced intestinal inflammation

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Infertility: Focus on the therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles

Parvin, A., Erabi, G., Mohammadpour, D., Maleki, H., Sadeghpour, S., Pashaei, M. R., Taheri‐Anganeh, M., & Ghasemnejad‐Berenji, H. (2024) · Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.repbio.2024.100925 · Cited by 4

NEU1-Mediated Extracellular Vesicle Glycosylation in Alzheimer’s Disease: Mechanistic Insights into Intercellular Communication and Therapeutic Targeting

Adnan, M., Siddiqui, A. J., Bardakçi, F., Surti, M., Badraoui, R., & Patel, M. B. (2025) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph18060921 · Cited by 4

Immune signals packaged in the brain

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A convenient model of serum-induced reactivity of human astrocytes to investigate astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles

White, K. E., Bailey, H. L., Shaw, B., Geiszler, P. C., Mesquita-Ribeiro, R., Scott, D., Layfield, R., & Serres, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2024.1414142 · Cited by 3

Unveiling the Proteomic Landscape of Extracellular Vesicles: Implications for Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection

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Glucocorticoids regulate small extracellular vesicle release via activation of nSMase2

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Extracellular vesicles and preterm infant diseases

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Peripheral Leukocytosis and Clinical Outcomes After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

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Exosomes as a Diagnostic Tool and Stem Cells’ Exosomes as a Promising Cell-Based Cell-Free Therapeutic Tool for Ischemic Stroke

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Modulation of Small RNA Signatures by Astrocytes on Early Neurodegeneration Stages; Implications for Biomarker Discovery

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Regulation and function of neutral sphingomyelinase 2

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Association of inflammatory trajectory with subarachnoid hemorrhage mortality

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Molecular Mechanisms in Brain Metastasis

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Traumatic brain injury induces a sustained sensorimotor impairment associated with a dysregulated acute phase response in mice overexpressing human amyloid precursor protein

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Atypical antipsychotics alter microglial functions via astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles

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RPS3‐Enriched Extracellular Vesicles Mediate Liver‐Spinal Cord Inter‐Organ Communication

Song, P., Wu, Z., Dong, Y., Fang, Y., Bian, S., Wang, D., Fang, H., Liu, Y., Ying, W., Qian, J., et al. (2026) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202517019 · Cited by 3

Autophagy–exosome crosstalk in neurodegeneration: Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities

Sedighi, S., Guan, T., Michetti, F., Cordani, M., Behrooz, A. B., Sabouni, F., Eshraghi, M., Saleem, A., Ghavami, S., & Aghanoori, M. (2026) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2026.109025 · Cited by 3

Epigenetic mechanisms of HIV and opioid-induced neuropathology: Potential therapies and interventions

Owens, F., Carbajal, C., Rodriguez, M., & El‐Hage, N. (2025) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2025.09.028 · Cited by 4

Evidence for Effects of Extracellular Vesicles on Physical, Inflammatory, Transcriptome and Reward Behaviour Status in Mice

Cuomo-Haymour, N., Sigrist, H., Ineichen, C., Russo, G., Nüesch, U., Gantenbein, F., Kulic, L., Knuesel, I., Bergamini, G., & Pryce, C. R. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23031028 · Cited by 3

Comparison between glioblastoma and brain metastases: How epigenetic remodeling can enhance immunotherapy

Celesti, F. (2026) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2026.110731 · Cited by 1

SECmeres outperform extracellular vesicles as potential blood RNA biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease

Gonzalez‐Kozlova, E., Tichkule, S., Nose, Y., Chen, T.-Y., Reznik, E., Santiago, J. V., Korrapati, A., Soleymani, T., Kosoy, R., Figueiredo, I., et al. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-74541-8 · Cited by 2

Metabolic reprogramming-driven neuroimmunoregulation: Key mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities and challenges in central nervous system disorders

Li, N., Wu, Y., Feng, H., Jian, X., Yang, Z., Wang, X., Li, X., Yin, Y., & Long, Y. (2026) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2026.103291 · Cited by 1

Fundamentals of the modern theory of the phenomenon of "pain" from the perspective of a systematic approach. Neurophysiological basis. Part 1: A brief presentation of key subcellular and cellular ctructural elements of the central nervous system.

Poberezhnyi, V. I., Marchuk, O., Shvidyuk, O. S., Petrik, I., & Logvinov, O. S. (2019) · Pain medicine · doi:10.31636/pmjua.v3i4.1 · Cited by 1

Neuroglial components of brain lesions may provide new therapeutic strategies for multiple sclerosis

Khanghahi, A. M., Rayatpour, A., Baharvand, H., & Javan, M. (2023) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-023-06915-5 · Cited by 1

The brain’s Twitter system: Neuronal extracellular vesicles

Levine, A. A. (2022) · Current Psychiatry · doi:10.12788/cp.0257 · Cited by 1

Identification of a new mechanism for preserving lysosomal functional integrity upon oxidative stress

Maestro, R. P. (2018) · UVaDOC UVaDOC University of Valladolid Documentary Repository (University of Valladolid) · doi:10.35376/10324/33119 · Cited by 1

Role of Extracellular Vesicles on Immune Regulation in an Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Willis, C. M. (2019) · OpenCommons - UConn (University of Connecticut)

“Brainstorming”: Extracellular Vesicles in Physical Activity and Neuronal Health

Brahmer, A., & Krämer‐Albers, E. (2020) · Trillium Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.47184/tev.2020.01.07 · Cited by 1

La respuesta inmunológica al neurotrauma: implicaciones en anestesiología

Espino-Núñez, S., Grajeda-Gómez, A., Figueroa-Morales, A., & Medina-Pérez, M. E. (2022) · Anales Médicos de la Asociación Médica del Centro Médico ABC · doi:10.35366/107653

The Impact of an Adverse Intrauterine Environment on Neurodevelopment

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Circulating extracellular vesicle microRNAs mediate immune modulation of social behavior in micePreprint

Matoba, K., Dohi, E., Garcia, P. A., de Oliveira, J. F., Mirramezanializamini, M., Berkiks, I., Anguiano, F., Badrani, J. H., Fatoba, O., Choi, E. Y., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.08.12.605506

Theranostic potential of exosomes in neurodegenerative diseases

Singh, G., Mehra, A., Kumar, P. M., & Khatri, D. K. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-29052-7.00014-3

GSDME unlocks astrocyte-driven neurotoxicity in Alzheimer’s DiseasePreprint

Xie, X., Ji, C., Xu, J., Lu, X., Guo, G., Wu, X., Liu, W., Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.08.28.672784

Therapeutic Potential of Astrocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Post-Stroke Recovery: Behavioral and MRI-Based Insights from a Rat Model

Heras‐Romero, Y., Morales‐Guadarrama, A., Tovar‐y‐Romo, L. B., Osorio-Londoño, D., Olayo, R., & Roldán-Valadéz, E. (2025) · Life · doi:10.3390/life15091418

Additional file 1 of Tetraspanins are unevenly distributed across single extracellular vesicles and bias sensitivity to multiplexed cancer biomarkers

Mizenko, R. R., Brostoff, T., Rojalin, T., Koster, H. J., Swindell, H. S., Leiserowitz, G. S., Wang, A., & Carney, R. P. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16305837

Additional file 1 of α-Synuclein-carrying astrocytic extracellular vesicles in Parkinson pathogenesis and diagnosis

Wang, P., Lan, G., Xu, B., Yu, Z., Tian, C., Lei, X., Meissner, W. G., Feng, T., Yang, Y., & Zhang, J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26612756

Additional file 1 of Characterization of spinal cord tissue-derived extracellular vesicles in neuroinflammation

Jank, L., Kesharwani, A., Ryu, T., Joshi, D., Ladakis, D. C., Smith, M. D., Singh, S., Arab, T., Witwer, K. W., Calabresi, P. A., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26731456

Additional file 2 of Characterization of spinal cord tissue-derived extracellular vesicles in neuroinflammation

Jank, L., Kesharwani, A., Ryu, T., Joshi, D., Ladakis, D. C., Smith, M. D., Singh, S., Arab, T., Witwer, K. W., Calabresi, P. A., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26731459

Additional file 1 of Brain profiling in murine colitis and human epilepsy reveals neutrophils and TNFα as mediators of neuronal hyperexcitability

Barnes, S. E., Zera, K. A., Ivison, G. T., Buckwalter, M. S., & Engleman, E. G. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16608929

Neuroimmune Mechanisms in Traumatic Brain Injury and Cancer: Parallel Courses or Existence in Different Orbits

Zhukova, М. А., Ermakova, N. N., Pan, E. S., & Skurikhin, Е. G. (2026) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines14010112

Prefrontal cortex-extracellular vesicle RNAs coupling in alcohol use disorder: towards non-invasive biomarkers and targeted therapeutics

Wang, J.-Q., Xia, Q. R., Zhou, X., Yan, C., Hong, W.-X., Deng, Y.-Y., Shan, F., Liu, Y.-R., & Liang, J. (2026) · Artificial Cells Nanomedicine and Biotechnology · doi:10.1080/21691401.2026.2617703

Hypoxia stimulates blood–brain barrier disruption and systemic appearance of pro-coagulant, brain-derived extracellular vesicles: Implications in transient ischemic attack patients

Raven, R. M., Williams, J., Whelan, C., White, J., Morris, K. W., Geen, J., & James, P. E. (2026) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x261417191

Intérêt du machine learning dans la recherche de marqueurs impliqués dans le remodelage cardiaque et le syndrome neuro-cardiaque

Dieu, X. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/084d29f1z3522z4eb5z98ddz9c297a6d6ca4

Identification du rôle des vésicules extracellulaires d’origine astrocytaire au cours de la transmission synaptique et de la plasticité synaptique à long terme

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Liver-nervous system axis: pathways, dysregulation, and translational perspectives

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Gastric Juice miR-106a-5p as a Non-Invasive Biomarker of Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration: A Prospective Observational Study

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