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Anoxic Conditions Promote Species-Specific Mutualism between Gut Microbes In Silico
Open accessAbstract
The human gut is inhabited by thousands of microbial species, most of which are still uncharacterized. Gut microbes have adapted to each other's presence as well as to the host and engage in complex cross feeding. Constraint-based modeling has been successfully applied to predicting microbe-microbe interactions, such as commensalism, mutualism, and competition. Here, we apply a constraint-based approach to model pairwise interactions between 11 representative gut microbes. Microbe-microbe interactions were computationally modeled in conjunction with human small intestinal enterocytes, and the microbe pairs were subjected to three diets with various levels of carbohydrate, fat, and protein in normoxic or anoxic environments. Each microbe engaged in species-specific commensal, parasitic, mutualistic, or competitive interactions. For instance, Streptococcus thermophilus efficiently outcompeted microbes with which it was paired, in agreement with the domination of streptococci in the small intestinal microbiota. Under anoxic conditions, the probiotic organism Lactobacillus plantarum displayed mutualistic behavior toward six other species, which, surprisingly, were almost entirely abolished under normoxic conditions. This finding suggests that the anoxic conditions in the large intestine drive mutualistic cross feeding, leading to the evolvement of an ecosystem more complex than that of the small intestinal microbiota. Moreover, we predict that the presence of the small intestinal enterocyte induces competition over host-derived nutrients. The presented framework can readily be expanded to a larger gut microbial community. This modeling approach will be of great value for subsequent studies aiming to predict conditions favoring desirable microbes or suppressing pathogens.
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“In polymicrobial environments, Lactobacilli engage in advantageous, mutualistic interactions with other bacteria to survive under hypoxia and alter NO generation[217,413]”
From Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health (2017) · cites this paper as [413]
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“The model predicted that the need to regenerate reducing equivalents enforced mutualism in certain pairs under anoxic conditions [153].”
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“…Salazar nuriasg@ipla.csic.es Specialty section: This article was submitted to Microbial Physiology and Metabolism, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology Received: 04 December 2015 Accepted: 02 February 2016 Published: 17 February 2016 Citation: Ríos-Covián D, Ruas-Madiedo P,”
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“1), which is promoted by anoxic conditions in the colon 188 .”
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“This type of de- pendency is also seen in many other bacterial groups (Heinken & Thiele, 2015; Rowland et al., 2018).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Heinken, A., & Thiele, I.
- Affiliations
- University of Luxembourg (LU)
- Venue
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2015-06-15
- Volume
- 81
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 4049-4061
- ISSN
- 0099-2240 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5336
- PMC
- PMC4524141
- OpenAlex
- W1976253726
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 4.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, microbial mutualism, anoxia, cross-feeding, constraint-based modeling, Lactobacillus plantarum, Streptococcus thermophilus, enterocytes, diet composition, small intestinal microbiota, large intestine, commensalism, competition (biology), probiotics
- MeSH terms
- Anaerobiosis, Computer Simulation, Diet, Humans, Oxygen, Species Specificity, Symbiosis, Enterocytes, Gastrointestinal Tract, Streptococcus thermophilus, Microbial Interactions, Microbiota
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