The gut microbiota and the metabolic health of the host
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: It is clear that the metabolic activities of the gut microbiota significantly impact upon human health and disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent analyses have correlated alterations in microbial community structure with the onset of diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease as well as inflammatory conditions of the intestine. This work has demonstrated the influence of diet upon the microbiota in disease states and has identified a number of microbial metabolites that orchestrate the crucial aspects of the host-microbe dialog. The microbial production of short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine, acetaldehyde and inflammatory mediators has been shown to significantly impact upon the metabolic health of the host through pathways that influence satiety, gut permeability and immune function. In the small intestine, microbial metabolism alters the host bile acid profile affecting the interactions with dedicated bile acid receptors (including FXR and TGR5) to influence both local and systemic cellular responses. Recent findings have, therefore, identified specific microbiota profiles and metabolites as predictors of disease risk as well as determining the microbial species (such as Akkermansia muciniphila and Bilophila wadsworthia) which correlate with health and disease. SUMMARY: This work identifies the microbiota as an important target for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in metabolic disease.
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Most studies indicate that both health and decreased adiposity are associated with increased diversity of the gut microflora; dietary restriction increases diversity, while dietary excess tends to reduce it.
“Most studies indicate that both health and decreased adiposity are associated with increased diversity of the gut microflora. Dietary restriction increases diversity; dietary excess tends to reduce it.154”
From The Gut Microbiome and the Brain (2014) · cites this paper as [154]
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- Authors
- Joyce, S. A., & Gahan, C. G. M.
- Affiliations
- University College Cork (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Gahan, Cormac G.M.
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Gastroenterology
- Published
- 2014-03
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 120-127
- ISSN
- 0267-1379 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2024107091
- Cited by
- 147
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 18
- FWCI
- 2.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Science Foundation Ireland
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, metabolic health, diabetes mellitus, obesity, cardiovascular disease, intestinal inflammation, diet, microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine, acetaldehyde, intestinal permeability, satiety, bile acids, farnesoid X receptor, TGR5, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bilophila wadsworthia, host-microbe interactions, disease risk prediction
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bile Acids and Salts, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Inflammation, Metabolic Diseases, Gastrointestinal Tract, Microbiota
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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