Salivary Microbiota and Metabolome Associated with Celiac Disease
Open accessAbstract
This study aimed to investigate the salivary microbiota and metabolome of 13 children with celiac disease (CD) under a gluten-free diet (treated celiac disease [T-CD]). The same number of healthy children (HC) was used as controls. The salivary microbiota was analyzed by an integrated approach using culture-dependent and -independent methods. Metabolome analysis was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry–solid-phase microextraction. Compared to HC, the number of some cultivable bacterial groups (e.g., total anaerobes) significantly ( P < 0.05) differed in the saliva samples of the T-CD children. As shown by community-level catabolic profiles, the highest Shannon's diversity and substrate richness were found in HC. Pyrosequencing data showed the highest richness estimator and diversity index values for HC. Levels of Lachnospiraceae , Gemellaceae , and Streptococcus sanguinis were highest for the T-CD children. Streptococcus thermophilus levels were markedly decreased in T-CD children. The saliva of T-CD children showed the largest amount of Bacteroidetes (e.g., Porphyromonas sp., Porphyromonas endodontalis , and Prevotella nanceiensis ), together with the smallest amount of Actinobacteria . T-CD children were also characterized by decreased levels of some Actinomyces species, Atopobium species, and Corynebacterium durum . Rothia mucilaginosa was the only Actinobacteria species found at the highest level in T-CD children. As shown by multivariate statistical analyses, the levels of organic volatile compounds markedly differentiated T-CD children. Some compounds (e.g., ethyl-acetate, nonanal, and 2-hexanone) were found to be associated with T-CD children. Correlations (false discovery rate [FDR], <0.05) were found between the relative abundances of bacteria and some volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The findings of this study indicated that CD is associated with oral dysbiosis that could affect the oral metabolome.
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Most studies have found significant differences between healthy children and children with celiac disease in duodenal and oral microbial populations.
“Most studies, but not all,48 have found significant differences between healthy children and children with CD in the duodenal49,50 and oral51 microbial populations.”
From The Gut Microbiome and the Brain (2014) · cites this paper as [51]
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- Authors
- Francavilla, R., Ercolini, D., Piccolo, M., Vannini, L., Siragusa, S., De Filippis, F., De Pasquale, I., Di Cagno, R., Di Toma, M., Gozzi, G., Serrazanetti, D. I., De Angelis, M., & Gobbetti, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Bari Aldo Moro (IT)
- University of Naples Federico II (IT)
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- University of Bologna (IT)
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Microbiology, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- ORCID
- Venue
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2014-06
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 3416-3425
- ISSN
- 0099-2240 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5336
- PMC
- PMC4018861
- OpenAlex
- W1998119456
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 3.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Bari Aldo Moro) (submittedVersion)
- Open Research (University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Celiac Disease Research and Management
- Keywords
- celiac disease, salivary microbiota, salivary metabolome, oral dysbiosis, gluten-free diet, children, volatile organic compounds, Streptococcus thermophilus, Rothia mucilaginosa, Bacteroidetes, actinobacteria
- MeSH terms
- Celiac Disease, Child, Humans, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Saliva, Metabolome, Volatile Organic Compounds, Biota
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Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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