Response to Iron Deprivation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Open accessAbstract
Iron is an essential nutrient for almost every organism because iron cofactors, such as heme and iron-sulfur clusters (ISC), are required for the activity of numerous cellular enzymes involved in a wide range of cellular processes. Although iron is a very abundant metal in the earth's crust, it has
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
S. cerevisiae possesses two high-affinity mechanisms of Fe acquisition.
“Eukaryotic Fe homeostasis has best been described in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae that possesses two high-affinity mechanisms of Fe acquisition [7].”
From Host Iron Withholding Demands Siderophore Utilization for Candida glabrata to Survive Macrophage Killing (2011) · cites this paper as [7]
C. albicans Sit1 as well as S. cerevisiae Enb1 localize predominantly to the plasma membrane in either the absence or presence of substrate siderophore.
“Interestingly, C. albicans Sit1 as well as S. cerevisiae Enb1 [7], also localize predominantly to the plasma membrane in either the absence or presence of substrate siderophore [51].”
From Host Iron Withholding Demands Siderophore Utilization for Candida glabrata to Survive Macrophage Killing (2011) · cites this paper as [7]
Cites
Siderophores: Structure and Function of Microbial Iron Transport Compounds
Neilands, J. B. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.45.26723 · Cited by 1,652 · see citing works
Zimmermann, M. B., & Hurrell, R. F. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61235-5 · Cited by 1,405 · see citing works
Zinc transporters that regulate vacuolar zinc storage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
MacDiarmid, C. W., Gaither, L. A., & Eide, D. (2000) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/19.12.2845 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Puig, S., Askeland, E., & Thiele, D. J. (2005) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.11.032 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
AFT1: a mediator of iron regulated transcriptional control in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Yamaguchi‐Iwai, Y., Dancis, A., & Klausner, R. D. (1995) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07106.x · Cited by 358 · see citing works
CCC1 Is a Transporter That Mediates Vacuolar Iron Storage in Yeast
Li, L., Chen, O. S., Ward, D. M., & Kaplan, J. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m103944200 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Iron‐regulated DNA binding by the AFT1 protein controls the iron regulon in yeast.
Yamaguchi‐Iwai, Y., Stearman, R. S., Dancis, A., & Klausner, R. D. (1996) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00703.x · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Molecular mechanisms of iron uptake in fungi
Kosman, D. J. (2003) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03368.x · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Iron uptake in fungi: a system for every source
Philpott, C. C. (2006) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.05.008 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Self-citationGlutamate Synthase from Escherichia coli
Miller, R. E., & Stadtman, E. R. (1972) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)44642-5 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Oxygen Sensing and the Transcriptional Regulation of Oxygen-Responsive Genes in Yeast
Kwast, K. E., Burke, P. V., & Poyton, R. Ο. (1998) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.201.8.1177 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Ojeda, L. D., Keller, G., Mühlenhoff, U., Rutherford, J. C., Lill, R., & Winge, D. R. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m602165200 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Rutherford, J. C., Ojeda, L. D., Balk, J., Mühlenhoff, U., Lill, R., & Winge, D. R. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m413731200 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Transition Metal Transport in Yeast
Ho, A. V., Ward, D. M., & Kaplan, J. (2002) · Annual Review of Microbiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.56.012302.160847 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Portnoy, M. E., Liu, X. F., & Culotta, V. (2000) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.20.21.7893-7902.2000 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
COT1, a Gene Involved in Cobalt Accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Conklin, D. S., Mcmaster, J. A., Culbertson, M. R., & Kung, C. (1992) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.12.9.3678-3688.1992 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
van de Peppel, J., Kettelarij, N., van Bakel, H., Kockelkorn, T. T. J. P., van Leenen, D., & Holstege, F. C. P. (2005) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2005.06.033 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Transcriptional Remodeling in Response to Iron Deprivation in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>
Shakoury-Elizeh, M., Tiedeman, J., Rashford, J., Ferea, T., Demeter, J., Garcia, E., Rolfes, R., Brown, P. O., Botstein, D., & Philpott, C. C. (2004) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e03-09-0642 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, O. S., Crisp, R. J., Valachovic, M., Bard, M., Winge, D. R., & Kaplan, J. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m403209200 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Blaiseau, P.-L., Lesuisse, E., & Camadro, J. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m104987200 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Pujol‐Carrion, N., Bellı́, G., Herrero, E., Nogues, A., & de la Torre-Ruiz, M. Á. (2006) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.03229 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Aft1p and Aft2p Mediate Iron-responsive Gene Expression in Yeast through Related Promoter Elements
Rutherford, J. C., Jaron, S., & Winge, D. R. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m300076200 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Coregulation of purine and histidine biosynthesis by the transcriptional activators BAS1 and BAS2.
Daignan‐Fornier, B., & Fink, G. R. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.15.6746 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Urbanowski, J. L., & Piper, R. C. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.53.38061 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Yamaguchi‐Iwai, Y., Ueta, R., Fukunaka, A., & Sasaki, R. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m200949200 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Li, L., & Kaplan, J. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.35.22181 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Siderophore-Iron Uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Yun, C., Tiedeman, J., Moore, R. E. B., & Philpott, C. C. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m001456200 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Self-citationIron storage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Raguzzi, F., Lesuisse, E., & Crichton, R. R. (1988) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(88)80742-7 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Three Cell Wall Mannoproteins Facilitate the Uptake of Iron in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Protchenko, O. V., Ferea, T., Rashford, J., Tiedeman, J., Brown, P. O., Botstein, D., & Philpott, C. C. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m109220200 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Self-citationA second iron-regulatory system in yeast independent of Aft1p
Rutherford, J. C., Jaron, S., Ray, E., Brown, P. O., & Winge, D. R. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.261381198 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Ugulava, N. B., Gibney, B. R., & Jarrett, J. T. (2001) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi0104625 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
The Family of SMF Metal Ion Transporters in Yeast Cells
Cohen, A., Nelson, H. R., & Nelson, N. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m004611200 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Heymann, P., Ernst, J. F., & Winkelmann, G. ⁄. N. (2000) · FEMS Microbiology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09108.x · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Rees, E. M., & Thiele, D. J. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m703397200 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Siderophore uptake and use by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Lesuisse, E., Blaiseau, P.-L., Dancis, A., & Camadro, J. (2001) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/00221287-147-2-289 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Courel, M., Lallet, S., Camadro, J., & Blaiseau, P.-L. (2005) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.25.15.6760-6771.2005 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
The role of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CCC1 gene in the homeostasis of manganese ions
Lapinskas, P. J., Lin, S., & Culotta, V. (1996) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02561.x · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Neurodegeneration With Brain Iron Accumulation: From Genes to Pathogenesis
Hayflick, S. J. (2006) · Seminars in Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.spen.2006.08.007 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Yeast AMP Pathway Genes Respond to Adenine through Regulated Synthesis of a Metabolic Intermediate
Rébora, K., Desmoucelles, C., Borne, F., et al. (2001) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.21.23.7901-7912.2001 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Pietrangelo, A. (2006) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.05.013 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Post-transcriptional Regulation of the Yeast High Affinity Iron Transport System
Felice, M. R., Domenico, I. D., Li, L., Ward, D. M., Bartók, B., Musci, G., & Kaplan, J. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m414663200 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Regulation of High Affinity Iron Uptake in the YeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Hassett, R. F., Romeo, A. M., & Kosman, D. J. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.13.7628 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Protchenko, O. V., & Philpott, C. C. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m306584200 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationUeta, R., Fujiwara, N., Iwaï, K., & Yamaguchi‐Iwai, Y. (2007) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e06-11-1054 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Haurie, V., Boucherie, H., & Sagliocco, F. A. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m307447200 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
The Yeast Iron Regulon Is Induced upon Cobalt Stress and Crucial for Cobalt Tolerance
Stadler, J. A., & Schweyen, R. J. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m203924200 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Inhibition of Heme Biosynthesis Prevents Transcription of Iron Uptake Genes in Yeast
Crisp, R., Pollington, A. M., Galea, C. A., Jaron, S., Yamaguchi‐Iwai, Y., & Kaplan, J. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m307229200 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
The Metalloreductase Fre6p in Fe-Efflux from the Yeast Vacuole
Singh, A., Kaur, N., & Kosman, D. J. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m703398200 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Phalip, V., Kuhn, I., Lemoine, Y., et al. (1999) · Gene · doi:10.1016/s0378-1119(99)00117-1 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Lee, A., Henras, A. K., & Chanfreau, G. (2005) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2005.05.021 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
The yeast FET5 gene encodes a FET3 -related multicopper oxidase implicated in iron transport
Spizzo, T., Byersdorfer, C. A., Duesterhoeft, S., & Eide, D. J. (1997) · Molecular and General Genetics MGG · doi:10.1007/pl00008615 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Chen, O. S., & Kaplan, J. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.275.11.7626 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Kim, Y., Yun, C., & Philpott, C. C. (2002) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf382 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationRegulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae FET4 by Oxygen and Iron
Jensen, L. T., & Culotta, V. (2002) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0022-2836(02)00093-1 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Bellı́, G., Molina‐Navarro, M. M., García‐Martínez, J., Pérez-Ortín, J. E., & Herrero, E. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m311879200 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Stolz, J., Hoja, U., Meier, S., et al. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.26.18741 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Ueta, R., Fukunaka, A., & Yamaguchi‐Iwai, Y. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m305046200 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Kim, D., Yukl, E. T., Moënne‐Loccoz, P., & de Montellano, P. R. O. (2006) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi061429r · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Molecular and clinical aspects of iron homeostasis: from anemia to hemochromatosis
Nairz, M., & Weiß, G. (2006) · Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1007/s00508-006-0653-7 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The mechanism of ferrichrome transport through Arn1p and its metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Moore, R. E. B., Kim, Y., & Philpott, C. C. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1030323100 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationPuig, S., Lau, M., & Thiele, D. J. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m313463200 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Burn, J., & Chinnery, P. F. (2006) · Seminars in Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.spen.2006.08.006 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Fragiadakis, G. S., Tzamarias, D., & Alexandraki, D. (2004) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600043 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Kim, Y., Deng, Y., & Philpott, C. C. (2007) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e06-09-0861 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationFroissard, M., Belgareh‐Touzé, N., Dias, M., Buisson, N., Camadro, J., Haguenauer‐Tsapis, R., & Lesuisse, E. (2007) · Traffic · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0854.2007.00627.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
A receptor domain controls the intracellular sorting of the ferrichrome transporter, ARN1
Kim, Y., Lampert, S. M., & Philpott, C. C. (2005) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600579 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationRecruitment of Tup1p and Cti6p regulates heme‐deficient expression of Aft1p target genes
Crisp, R., Adkins, E. M., Kimmel, E. M., & Kaplan, J. (2006) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600961 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Spadaro, D., & Droby, S. (2016) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2015.11.003 · Cited by 732 · see citing works
A cytosolic iron chaperone that delivers iron to ferritin
Shi, H., Bencze, K. Z., Stemmler, T. L., & Philpott, C. C. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1157643 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
A Phenotypic Profile of the Candida albicans Regulatory Network
Homann, O. R., Dea, J., Noble, S. M., & Johnson, A. D. (2009) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000783 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
“The second phenotype, sensitivity to elevated copper levels, is linked to iron homeostasis by virtue of the strong inter-connection between copper and iron homeostasis networks: copper is a critical cofactor for high affinity iron uptake [39].”
BackgroundFungal siderophore metabolism with a focus on <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>
Haas, H. (2014) · Nat. Prod. Rep. · doi:10.1039/c4np00071d · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Anderson, G. J., & Vulpe, C. D. (2009) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-009-0051-1 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Iron - a key nexus in the virulence of Aspergillus fumigatus
Haas, H. (2012) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2012.00028 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Metabolic response to iron deficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Shakoury-Elizeh, M., Protchenko, O., Berger, A., Cox, J., Gable, K., Dunn, T. M., Prinz, W. A., Bard, M., & Philpott, C. C. (2010) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m109.091710 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Self-citationHsu, P.-C., Yang, C.-Y., & Lan, C.-Y. (2011) · Eukaryotic Cell · doi:10.1128/ec.00158-10 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Iron homeostasis—Achilles’ heel of Aspergillus fumigatus?
Schrettl, M., & Haas, H. (2011) · Current Opinion in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.mib.2011.06.002 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Cooperation of two mRNA-Binding proteins drives metabolic adaptation to iron deficiency
Puig, S., Vergara, S. V., & Thiele, D. J. (2008) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2008.04.010 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Singh, R. P., Prasad, H. K., Sinha, I., Agarwal, N., & Natarajan, K. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.233569 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Nevitt, T., & Thiele, D. J. (2011) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001322 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
“Interestingly, C. albicans Sit1 as well as S. cerevisiae Enb1 [7], also localize predominantly to the plasma membrane in either the absence or presence of substrate siderophore [51].”
BackgroundInfluentialConserved and Divergent Roles of Bcr1 and CFEM Proteins in Candida parapsilosis and Candida albicans
Ding, C., Vidanes, G. M., Maguire, S. L., Guida, A., Synnott, J. M., Andes, D. R., & Butler, G. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028151 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Saikia, S., Oliveira, D., Hu, G., & Kronstad, J. (2014) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.01357-13 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Ueta, R., Fujiwara, N., Iwai, K., & Yamaguchi-Iwai, Y. (2012) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.00726-12 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Liu, M., Lin, L., Gebremariam, T., Luo, G., Skory, C. D., French, S. W., Chou, T.-F., Edwards, J. E., & Ibrahim, A. S. (2015) · PLOS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004842 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Deng, Y., Guo, Y., Watson, H., Au, W.-C., Shakoury-Elizeh, M., Basrai, M. A., Bonifacino, J. S., & Philpott, C. C. (2009) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m109.030015 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Regulatory and pathogenic mechanisms in response to iron deficiency and excess in fungi
Pijuan, J., Moreno, D. F., Yahya, G., Moisa, M., Ul Haq, I., Krukiewicz, K., Mosbah, R., Metwally, K., & Cavalu, S. (2023) · Microbial Biotechnology · doi:10.1111/1751-7915.14346 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Xu, N., Cheng, X., Yu, Q., Qian, K., Ding, X., Liu, R., Zhang, B., Xing, L., & Li, M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062367 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Molimau-Samasoni, S., Woolner, V. H., Foliga, S. T., Robichon, K., Patel, V., Andreassend, S. K., Sheridan, J. P., Te Kawa, T., Gresham, D., Miller, D., et al. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2100880118 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
- Authors
- Philpott, C. C., & Protchenko, O.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- Eukaryotic Cell
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2008-01
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 20-27
- ISSN
- 1535-9778 (ISSN-L)
- 1535-9786
- PMC
- PMC2224162
- OpenAlex
- W2107280368
- Cited by
- 246
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 1.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Eukaryotic Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects
- Keywords
- iron starvation, iron starvation response, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, iron homeostasis, heme, iron-sulfur clusters, iron cofactor, yeast
- MeSH terms
- Biological Transport, Iron, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Siderophores, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review