Cited by 247Bacterial Genetics and BiotechnologyProbiotics and Fermented FoodsBacteriophages and microbial interactions

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the major peptidoglycan hydrolase of Lactococcus lactis, a muramidase needed for cell separation

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Buist, G, Kok, J, Leenhouts, K J, Dabrowska, M, Venema, G, Haandrikman, A J·1995·Journal of Bacteriology

Abstract

A gene of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363 encoding a peptidoglycan hydrolase was identified in a genomic library of the strain in pUC19 by screening Escherichia coli transformants for cell wall lysis activity on a medium containing autoclaved, lyophilized Micrococcus lysodeikticus cells. In cell extracts of L. lactis MG1363 and several halo-producing E. coli transformants, lytic bands of similar sizes were identified by denaturing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels containing L. lactis or M. lysodeikticus cell walls. Of these clearing bands, corresponding to the presence of lytic enzymes with sizes of 46 and 41 kDa, the 41-kDa band was also present in the supernatant of an L. lactis culture. Deletion analysis of one of the recombinant plasmids showed that the information specifying lytic activity was contained within a 2,428-bp EcoRV-Sau3A fragment. Sequencing of part of this fragment revealed a gene (acmA) that could encode a polypeptide of 437 amino acid residues. The calculated molecular mass of AcmA (46,564 Da) corresponded to that of one of the lytic activities detected. Presumably, the enzyme is synthesized as a precursor protein which is processed by cleavage after the Ala at position 57, thus producing a mature protein with a size of 40,264 Da, which would correspond to the size of the enzyme whose lytic activity was present in culture supernatants of L. lactis. The N-terminal region of the mature protein showed 60% identity with the N-terminal region of the mature muramidase-2 of Enterococcus hirae and the autolysin of Streptococcus faecalis. Like the latter two enzymes, AcmA contains C-terminal repeated regions. In AcmA, these three repeats are separated by nonhomologous intervening sequences highly enriched in serine, threonine, and asparagine. Genes specifying identical activities were detected in various strains of L. lactis subsp. lactis and L. lactis subsp. cremoris by the SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis detection assay and PCR experiments. By replacement recombination, an acmA deletion mutant which grew as long chains was constructed, indicating that AcmA is required for cell separation.

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Crossref · 10.1128/jb.177.6.1554-1563.1995

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  1. Exterkate , F. A. 1976 . Comparison of strains of Streptococcus cremoris for proteolytic activities associated with the cell wall . Neth. Milk Dairy J. 30 : 95 - 105 .
  2. Leenhouts , K. , and G. Venema . 1992 . Molecular cloning and expression in Lactococcus . Meded. Fac. Landbouwkd. Toegep. Biol. Wet. Univ. Gent 57 : 2031 - 2043 .
  3. Mundt J. O. 1986. Lactic acid streptococci p. 1065-1066. In P. H. A. Sneath N. S. Mair M. E. Sharpe and J. G. Holt (ed.) Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology vol. 2. Williams & Wilkins Baltimore.
  4. Rogers H. J. 1979. The function of bacterial autolysins p. 237-268. In R. C. W. Berkeley G. W. Gooday and D. C. Ellwood (ed.) Microbial polysaccharides and polysaccharidases. Academic Press Inc. London.
  5. Sambrook J. E. F. Fritsch and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Cold Spring Harbor N.Y.
  6. Tomasz A. 1984. Building and breaking of bonds in the cell wall of bacteria-the role for autolysins p. 3-12. In C. Nombela (ed.) Microbial cell wall synthesis and autolysis. Elsevier Science Publishers Amsterdam.
  7. Ward J. B. and R. Williamson. 1984. Bacterial autolysins: specificity and function p. 159-175. In C. Nombela (ed.) Microbial cell wall synthesis and autolysis. Elsevier Science Publishers Amsterdam.

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Metadata

Authors
Buist, G., Kok, J., Leenhouts, K. J., Dabrowska, M., Venema, G., & Haandrikman, A. J.
Affiliations
  • University of Groningen (NL)
  • Department of Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands.
Venue
Journal of Bacteriology
Published
1995-03
Volume
177
Issue
6
Pages
1554-1563
ISSN
  • 0021-9193 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-5530
OpenAlex
W2140544780
Cited by
247
References
53
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 10
FWCI
7.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Bacteriology (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
Keywords
Lactococcus lactis, peptidoglycan hydrolase, lysozyme, cell wall lysis, cell isolation, autolysin, precursor protein processing, N-terminal sequence homology, Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus faecalis, genomic library
MeSH terms
Amino Acid Sequence, Bacteriolysis, Base Sequence, Chromosomes, Bacterial, Cloning, Molecular, Escherichia coli, Genes, Bacterial, Molecular Sequence Data, Muramidase, Recombinant Proteins, Species Specificity, Lactococcus lactis, Restriction Mapping, Sequence Deletion, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Sequence Analysis, DNA

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