Recombination in circulating enteroviruses
Open accessAbstract
Recombination is a well-known phenomenon for enteroviruses. However, the actual extent of recombination in circulating nonpoliovirus enteroviruses is not known. We have analyzed the phylogenetic relationships in four genome regions, VP1, 2A, 3D, and the 5′ nontranslated region (NTR), of 40 enterovirus B strains (coxsackie B viruses and echoviruses) representing 11 serotypes and isolated in 1981 to 2002 in the former Soviet Union states. In the VP1 region, strains of the same serotype expectedly grouped with their prototype strain. However, as early as the 2A region, phylogenetic grouping differed significantly from that in the VP1 region and indicated recombination within the 2A region. Moreover, in the 5′ NTR and 3D region, only 1 strain of 40 grouped with its prototype strain. Instead, we observed a major group in both the 5′ NTR and the 3D region that united most (in the 5′ NTR) or all (in the 3D region) of the strains studied, regardless of the serotype. Subdivision within that major group in the 3D region correlated with the time of virus isolation but not with the serotype. Therefore, we conclude that a majority, if not all, circulating enterovirus B strains are recombinants relative to the prototype strains, isolated mostly in the 1950s. Moreover, the ubiquitous recombination has allowed different regions of the enterovirus genome to evolve independently. Thus, a novel model of enterovirus genetics is proposed: the enterovirus genome is a stable symbiosis of genes, and enterovirus species consist of a finite set of capsid genes responsible for different serotypes and a continuum of nonstructural protein genes that seem to evolve in a relatively independent manner.
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Recombination between viral RNA genomes is a well-known phenomenon for enteroviruses.
“Recombination between viral RNA genomes is a well-known phenomenon for enteroviruses [28–31].”
From Recombination between Poliovirus and Coxsackie A Viruses of Species C: A Model of Viral Genetic Plasticity and Emergence (2011) · cites this paper as [28]
Similar evolution processes, involving frequent intertypic recombination, have already been described mostly for HEV-B and PVs.
“Similar evolution processes, involving frequent intertypic recombination, have already been described mostly for HEV-B [46–52] and PVs [5,8,53,54].”
From Co-Circulation and Evolution of Polioviruses and Species C Enteroviruses in a District of Madagascar (2007) · cites this paper as [47]
Enterovirus species consist of a finite set of capsid genes responsible for different serotypes and a continuum of nonstructural protein genes that seem to evolve in a relatively independent manner.
“Lukashev and colleagues [28] proposed that enterovirus species consist of a finite set of capsid genes responsible for different serotypes and a continuum of nonstructural protein genes that seem to evolve in a relatively independent manner.”
From Recombination between Poliovirus and Coxsackie A Viruses of Species C: A Model of Viral Genetic Plasticity and Emergence (2011) · cites this paper as [28]
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- Authors
- Lukashev, A. N., Lashkevich, V. A., Ivanova, O. E., Koroleva, G. A., Hinkkanen, A. E., & Ilonen, J.
- Affiliations
- Åbo Akademi University (FI)
- Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides (RU)
- University of Turku (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Lukashev, Alexander N.
- Venue
- Journal of Virology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2003-10
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 10423-10431
- ISSN
- 0022-538X (ISSN-L)
- 1098-5514
- PMC
- PMC228507
- OpenAlex
- W2150044147
- Cited by
- 170
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 5.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Journal of Virology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Keywords
- enterovirus B, recombination, Coxsackie B virus, echovirus, phylogenetic analysis, VP1, 5' untranslated region, serotype evolution, nonstructural protein gene, coat protein gene, former Soviet Union
- MeSH terms
- Enterovirus, Humans, Phylogeny, Recombination, Genetic, Viremia, 5' Untranslated Regions
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