Cited by 1,256SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 ResearchAnimal Virus Infections StudiesViral Infections and Outbreaks Research

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Coronavirus Pathogenesis and the Emerging Pathogen Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

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Weiss, Susan R., Navas-Martin, Sonia·2005·Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews

DOI 10.1128/mmbr.69.4.635-664.2005PMC PMC1306801

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Abstract

SUMMARY: Coronaviruses are a family of enveloped, single-stranded, positive-strand RNA viruses classified within the Nidovirales order. This coronavirus family consists of pathogens of many animal species and of humans, including the recently isolated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). This review is divided into two main parts; the first concerns the animal coronaviruses and their pathogenesis, with an emphasis on the functions of individual viral genes, and the second discusses the newly described human emerging pathogen, SARS-CoV. The coronavirus part covers (i) a description of a group of coronaviruses and the diseases they cause, including the prototype coronavirus, murine hepatitis virus, which is one of the recognized animal models for multiple sclerosis, as well as viruses of veterinary importance that infect the pig, chicken, and cat and a summary of the human viruses; (ii) a short summary of the replication cycle of coronaviruses in cell culture; (iii) the development and application of reverse genetics systems; and (iv) the roles of individual coronavirus proteins in replication and pathogenesis. The SARS-CoV part covers the pathogenesis of SARS, the developing animal models for infection, and the progress in vaccine development and antiviral therapies. The data gathered on the animal coronaviruses continue to be helpful in understanding SARS-CoV.

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“In China, the majority of infected children are again males (%57-%60), but the mean age [7 years (1-18)] is younger than that in USA population (14-15,17).”
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Nutritional Considerations in COVID-19 Pandemic
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“Coronaviruses are a family of positive-single strand RNA viruses with a diameter of 80 to 120 nm, and some members are pathogens of humans and animals [5].”
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A Global Catastrophe of Coronavirus Outbreak: History, Pathogenesis, Signs, Diagnosis and General Precautions
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“Other risk factors are obesity, cigarette smoking, respiratory diseases, liver, kidney diseases and transplanted persons [10].”
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“Spike mediated cell to cell fusion is thought to be the reason behind the viral spread, as observed in other viruses [7].”
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Pharmacological approaches to the treatment of COVID-19 patients
Sowers, L. C., Blanton, L. S., Weaver, S. C., Urban, R. J., & Mouton, C. P. (2020) · Journal of Translational Science · doi:10.15761/jts.1000394 · Cited by 1
“The life cycle of SARSCoV-2 shares many common steps with other coronaviruses [11,12].”
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An Insight into the Coronavirus
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Sars-cov-2 nin genom organizasyonu
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Recent Research Progress and Current Understanding of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
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In-depth Sequence Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Repudiates Mutation Mediated Adaptive Selection in the Virus
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Combination of C21 and ARBs with rhACE2 as a therapeutic protocol: A new promising approach for treating ARDS in patients with coronavirus infection.
Soheili, M., Haji-Allahverdipoor, K., Khadem-Erfan, M. B., Baban, B., Nikkhoo, B., Eliasi, A., & Nasseri, S. (2020) · PubMed Central · doi:10.34171/mjiri.34.120 · Cited by 1
“The S protein is one of the 4 major proteins on the envelope binding to the angiotensinconverting enzyme2 (ACE2) receptor for entering the host cell (3, 4).”
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Study on Genome Sequence of Novel Corona virus (Sars-Cov-2) Strains in Different Countries
Trivedi, V., Biswas, K., Fattepur, S., & Sreeharsha, N. (2020) · Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal · doi:10.13005/bpj/2080 · Cited by 1
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Reddy, E. P., & Mohanalakshmi, T. (2020) · British Journal of Medical and Health Research · doi:10.46624/bjmhr.2020.v7.i10.003 · Cited by 1
Guía de atención remota para pacientes pediátricos con COVID-19
Jaldín, J. P., Flores, N. O., Paz-Román, C. A., & Rodríguez, M. P. (2020) · Gaceta Médica Boliviana · doi:10.47993/gmb.v43i2.186 · Cited by 1
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Alshehri, D., Mosli, M. H., & Bahieldin, A. (2020) · Applied Ecology and Environmental Research · doi:10.15666/aeer/1806_82518265
PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF COVID -19 ON UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Lamba, M. (2020) · International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology · doi:10.33564/ijeast.2020.v05i05.051 · Cited by 1
Clinical Insights into SARS-COV-2 Infection in Rural Rajasthan, India
Derashri, A., Padhi, S., Vaishnav, D., Jain, A., Bose, R. R., & Tyagi, V. (2021) · Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development · doi:10.37506/ijphrd.v12i2.14089 · Cited by 1
Survey study: COVID-19 symptoms and lifestyle
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Survival Ability of the COVID-19 Causative Agent in Aquatic Environment: A Literature Review
Васильевич, Ж. П., Калюжин, А. С., Кулак, М., Алексанина, Н., Gapon, M. N., & Tverdokhlebova, T. I. (2021) · ЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ И СРЕДА ОБИТАНИЯ - ЗНиСО / PUBLIC HEALTH AND LIFE ENVIRONMENT · doi:10.35627/2219-5238/2021-336-3-84-90 · Cited by 1
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Batra, S., Sharma, S., Verma, P., & Arora, N. (2020) · Coronaviruses · doi:10.2174/2666796701999200915144814 · Cited by 1
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“Coronaviruses, belonging to the Coronaviridae family, are classified as simple, highly diverse RNA viruses, which mutate easily (Weiss & Navas-Martin, 2005).”
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Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of the First 500 Positive Cases of COVID-19. A Multicenter Retrospective Study across the Najran Region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
Sulayyim, H. J. A., Al-Noaemi, M. C., Alyami, M. M., Ahmad, S., Alyami, M. H., Alyami, H. S., Al-Swedan, A. D., Banihameem, I. S., Sedran, M. A., Al-Zubaidi, A. M., et al. (2021) · Open Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.4236/ojepi.2021.113019 · Cited by 1
“HCoVs are enveloped viruses with a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome, approximately 30 kb in size, which is the largest known genome for RNA virus [3].”
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Tulbah, A. S. (2021) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International · doi:10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i36b31962 · Cited by 1
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As the pandemic continues: a Staphylococcus aureus methicillin-resistant and Candida albicans coinfection in a COVID-19 patient
Noschese, I., ROSA, G. D., Carfora, M., Nuzzo, L. D., D’AURIA, D., & PINTO, F. (2021) · Journal of Radiological Review · doi:10.23736/s2723-9284.21.00157-4 · Cited by 1
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Çocuklarda COVİD-19 ve Yoğun Bakım Yönetimi
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Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19): Features, Epidemiology, Mutational variations and Treatments Across India
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Authors: Weiss, S. R., & Navas-Martin, S.
Affiliations: University of Pennsylvania (US)
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Corresponding author: Weiss, Susan R.
ORCID: Weiss, Susan R.
Venue: Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Published: 2005-12
Volume: 69
Issue: 4
Pages: 635-664
ISSN: 1092-2172 (ISSN-L)
1098-5557
DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.69.4.635-664.2005
PMC: PMC1306801
OpenAlex: W2131988685
Cited by: 1,256
References: 391
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 69 · 2023: 80 · 2022: 149 · 2021: 253 · 2020: 352 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 3.70
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license (tdm)
Locations: Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Multiple Sclerosis Society
Drexel University
Multiple Sclerosis Society
National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI 17418, AI-47800, N01 AI060021, R01AI047800, R01AI060021, R01AI017418, AI60021)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS021954, NS-21954, NS-30606, P01NS030606)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
Keywords: coronavirus pathogenesis, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, SARS-CoV, animal coronaviruses, mouse hepatitis virus, reverse genetics, coronavirus proteins, SARS, animal models of infection, vaccine development, antiviral therapy, emerging pathogens
MeSH terms: Animals, Cats, Cattle, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Viral Proteins, Viral Vaccines, Virion, Coronavirus, Coronavirus Infections, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, Mice

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Coronavirus Pathogenesis and the Emerging Pathogen Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

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