The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Variations in the Pattern of Pubertal Changes in Boys
Open accessAbstract
Mixed longitudinal data on the physical changes at puberty in 228 normal boys are presented together with normal standards for stages of genital and pubic hair development. The genitalia began to develop between the ages 9½ years and 13½ years in 95% of boys (mean = 11.6 ± 0.09) and reached maturity at ages varying between 13 and 17 (mean = 14.9 ± 1.10). The age at which pubic hair first appeared was not accurately determined, but its development through the later stages was studied. It reached the equivalent of an adult female distribution at a mean age of 15.2 ± 0.01 years. On average the genitalia reached the adult stage 3.0 years after they first began to develop; but some boys completed this development in as little as 1.8 years while others took as much as 4.7 years. Some boys complete the whole process in less time than others take to go from Stage G2 to Stage G3. The genitalia begin to develop before pubic hair is visible in photographs in practically all boys. The 41 boys in whom it could be studied reached their maximum rate of growth (peak height velocity) at a mean age of 14.1 ± 0.14 years. Very few boys (about 5%) reached peak height velocity before their genitalia were in Stage 4 and over 20% did not do so until their genitalia were adult. Peak height velocity is reached, on the average, nearly 2 years later in boys than in girls, but the boys9 genitalia begin to develop only about 6 months later than the girls9 breasts. Pubic hair appears about 1½ years later in boys than in girls.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The landmark studies of Marshall and Tanner (1969), which classified puberty into five stages in girls and boys on the basis of somatic changes in breast, pubic hair, and genital development, have been widely used to assess puberty development.3,4”
From Pubertal development and regulation (2016) · cites this paper as [3]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Variations in pattern of pubertal changes in girls
Marshall, W. A., & Tanner, J. M. (1969) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.44.235.291 · Cited by 5,963
Self-citationThe Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome during Adolescence
Witchel, S. F., Oberfield, S., Rosenfield, R. L., Codner, E., Bonny, A., Ibáñez, L., Pena, A., Horikawa, R., Gomez-Lobo, V., Joel, D., et al. (2015) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000375530 · Cited by 3,113
Tanner, J. M., Whitehouse, R. H., & Takaishi, M. (1966) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.41.220.613 · Cited by 2,549
Self-citationINDICES OF PHYSIOLOGICAL MATURITY: DERIVATION AND INTERRELATIONSHIPS1
Nicolson, A. B., & Hanley, C. (1953) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1953.tb04713.x · Cited by 161
PHYSICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH ADOLESCENCE IN BOYS
Reynolds, E. L. (1951) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.1951.02040040549002 · Cited by 112
Somatic Development of Adolescent Boys
Stuart, H. C. (1951) · American Journal of Public Health and the Nations Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.41.9.1131-a · Cited by 64
Somatic development of adolescent boys
Stolz, H. R. (1951) · Cited by 58
Normal Growth and Development during Adolescence
Stuart, H. C. (1946) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm194605162342004 · Cited by 50
Swan, A. V. (1969) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C (Applied Statistics) · doi:10.2307/2346440 · Cited by 36
SEX DIFFERENCES IN PUBIC HAIR DISTRIBUTION
Dupertuis, C. W., Atkinson, W. B., & Elftman, H. (1946) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/00006254-194602000-00103 · Cited by 33
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 17 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Hogben, H., Waterhouse, J. A. H., and Hogben, L. (1948). Studies on puberty. I. British Journal of Social Medicine, 2, 29.
- Tanner, J. M. (1962). Growth at Adolescence. 2nd edition, Blackwell, Oxford.
- Tanner, J. M. (1969). Growth and endocrinology in the adolescent. In Endocrine and Genetic Diseases of Childhood. Ed. L. Gardner. Saunders, Philadelphia.
- Van Wieringen, J. C., Wafelbakker, F., Verbrugge, H. P., and De Haas, J. H. (1968). Groeidiagrammen Nederland 1965. Wolters-Noordhoff, Groningen.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,001–1,042 of 1,042
Peer relationships and depressive symptomatology in boys at puberty
Mendle, J., Harden, K. P., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Graber, J. A. (2012) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0026425 · Cited by 59
Response to oCRH in depressed and nondepressed adolescents: does gender make a difference?
DORN, L. D., BURGESS, E. S., SUSMAN, E. J., von EYE, A., DeBELLIS, M. D., GOLD, P. W., & CHROUSOS, G. P. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199606000-00016 · Cited by 56
Gianetti, E., Hall, J. E., Au, M. G., Kaiser, U. B., Quinton, R., Stewart, J. A., Metzger, D. L., Pitteloud, N., Mericq, V., Merino, P. M., et al. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-1264 · Cited by 53
Constitutional delay in growth and puberty (CDGP) is associated with hypoleptinaemia
Gill, M. S., Hall, C. M., Tillmann, V., & Clayton, P. E. (1999) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1999.00736.x · Cited by 51
LIN28B in constitutional delay of growth and puberty
Tommiska, J., Wehkalampi, K., Vaaralahti, K., Laitinen, E.-M., Raivio, T., & Dunkel, L. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2344 · Cited by 53
Wang, J. W., Mark, S., Henderson, M., O'Loughlin, J., Tremblay, A., Wortman, J., Paradis, G., & Gray‐Donald, K. (2013) · Pediatric Obesity · doi:10.1111/j.2047-6310.2012.00108.x · Cited by 51
Green-Golan, L., Yates, C., Drinkard, B., VanRyzin, C., Eisenhofer, G., Weise, M., & Merke, D. P. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0493 · Cited by 50
Development of the action observation network during early adolescence: a longitudinal study
Shaw, D. J., Grosbras, M.-H., Leonard, G., Pike, G. B., & Paus, T. (2012) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsq105 · Cited by 47
Bosch, N. M., Riese, H., Ormel, J., Verhulst, F., & Oldehinkel, A. J. (2009) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.01.005 · Cited by 44
Does brain creatine content rely on exogenous creatine in healthy youth? A proof-of-principle study
Merege-Filho, C. A. A., Otaduy, M. C. G., de Sá-Pinto, A. L., de Oliveira, M. O., de Souza Gonçalves, L., Hayashi, A. P. T., Roschel, H., Pereira, R. M. R., Silva, C. A., Brucki, S. M. D., et al. (2017) · Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2016-0406 · Cited by 41
Steroid sulfatase deficiency and androgen activation before and after puberty
Idkowiak, J., Taylor, A. E., Subtil, S., O'Neil, D. M., Vijzelaar, R., Dias, R. P., Amin, R., Barrett, T. G., Shackleton, C. H. L., Kirk, J. M. W., et al. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-4101 · Cited by 42
Influence of obesity and insulin resistance on left atrial size in children
Hirschler, V., Acebo, H. L. P., Fernandez, G. B., de Lujan Calcagno, M., Gonzalez, C., & Jadzinsky, M. (2006) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/j.1399-543x.2006.00139.x · Cited by 41
Güven, A., Cebeci, A. N., & Hancili, S. (2015) · HORMONES · doi:10.14310/horm.2002.1555 · Cited by 39
The evolution of thyroid function with puberty
Marwaha, R. K., Tandon, N., Desai, A. K., Kanwar, R., Sastry, A., Narang, A., Singh, S., Bhadra, K., & Mani, K. (2012) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04305.x · Cited by 39
Trier, C., Hollensted, M., Schnurr, T. M., Lund, M. A. V., Nielsen, T. R. H., Rui, G., Andersson, E. A., Svendstrup, M., Bille, D. S., Gjesing, A. P., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-020-00673-6 · Cited by 38
Hormone profile in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus with previous or current amenorrhea
Silva, C. A., Deen, M. E. J., Febrônio, M. V., Oliveira, S. K., Terreri, M. T., Sacchetti, S. B., Sztajnbok, F. R., Marini, R., Quintero, M. V., Bica, B. E., et al. (2011) · Rheumatology International · doi:10.1007/s00296-010-1389-2 · Cited by 38
Solis, M. Y., Hayashi, A. P., Artioli, G. G., Roschel, H., Sapienza, M. T., Otaduy, M. C., De Sã Pinto, A. L., Silva, C. A., Sallum, A. M. E., Pereira, R. M. R., et al. (2016) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.24681 · Cited by 36
Shad, M. U., Bidesi, A. P., Chen, L.-A., Ernst, M., & Rao, U. (2011) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2011.03.011 · Cited by 37
Hayashi, A. P., Solis, M. Y., Sapienza, M. T., Otaduy, M. C. G., de Sá Pinto, A. L., Silva, C. A., Sallum, A. M. E., Pereira, R. M. R., & Gualano, B. (2014) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203314546017 · Cited by 35
Early adrenocortical recovery after glucocorticoid therapy in children with leukemia
Cunha, C. D. F., Silva, I. N., & Finch, F. L. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031165 · Cited by 35
Reid, B. M., Miller, B. S., Dorn, L. D., Desjardins, C., Donzella, B., & Gunnar, M. (2017) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/pr.2017.35 · Cited by 31
Liang, S., Cheng, X., Hu, Y., Song, R., & Li, G. (2017) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.13685 · Cited by 32
Dietary fibre linked to decreased inflammation in overweight minority youth
Miller, S. J., Batra, A. K., Shearrer, G. E., House, B. T., Cook, L. T., Pont, S. J., Goran, M. I., & Davis, J. N. (2016) · Pediatric Obesity · doi:10.1111/ijpo.12017 · Cited by 31
Krahulik, D., Aleksijevic, D., Smolka, V., Klaskova, E., Venhacova, P., Vaverka, M., Mihal, V., & Zapletalova, J. (2017) · Biomedical Papers · doi:10.5507/bp.2016.047 · Cited by 31
Martínez‐Vizcaíno, V., Soriano‐Cano, A., Garrido‐Miguel, M., Cavero‐Redondo, I., Medio, E. P. D., Madrid, V. M., Martínez‐Hortelano, J. A., Berlanga‐Macías, C., & Sánchez‐López, M. (2022) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.14113 · Cited by 26
Childhood obesity and the associated roles of neighborhood and biologic stress
Theall, K. P., Chaparro, M. P., Denstel, K., Bilfield, A., & Drury, S. S. (2019) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100849 · Cited by 29
Precocious Puberty Following Severe Head Trauma
Shaul, P. W. (1985) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.1985.02140070041029 · Cited by 27
Haapala, E. A., Haapala, H. L., Syväoja, H., Tammelin, T. H., Finni, T., & Kiuru, N. (2020) · Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2019.07.003 · Cited by 24
Motor Capacities in Boys with High Functioning Autism: Which Evaluations to Choose?
BRICOUT, V.-A., PACE, M., DUMORTIER, L., MIGANEH, S., MAHISTRE, Y., & GUINOT, M. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8101521 · Cited by 23
Relation of serum irisin levels to obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Ulualan, G., Kiraz, Z. K., & Kırel, B. (2022) · The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.24953/turkjped.2020.3003 · Cited by 22
Huybrechts, I., De Vriendt, T., Breidenassel, C., Rogiers, J., Vanaelst, B., Cuenca-García, M., Moreno, L. A., González-Gross, M., Roccaldo, R., Kafatos, A., et al. (2014) · Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2014.04.014 · Cited by 20
Teivaanmäki, T., Cheung, Y. B., Kortekangas, E., Maleta, K., & Ashorn, P. (2015) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.13060 · Cited by 18
Nutrition and circadian activity offset in adolescent rhesus monkeys
Golub, M. S., Takeuchi, P. T., & Hoban-Higgins, T. M. (2001) · Adolescent Sleep Patterns · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511499999.008 · Cited by 18
Elsenburg, L. K., Smidt, N., & Liefbroer, A. C. (2017) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000401 · Cited by 15
Dallora, A. L., Kvist, O., Berglund, J. S., Ruiz, S. D., Boldt, M., Flodmark, C.-E., & Anderberg, P. (2020) · JMIR Medical Informatics · doi:10.2196/18846 · Cited by 13
Miranda, J. P., Lardone, M. C., Rodríguez, F., Cutler, G. B., Santos, J. L., Corvalán, C., Pereira, A., & Mericq, V. (2022) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab814 · Cited by 10
Kanney, N., Patki, A., Chandler-Laney, P., Garvey, W. T., & Hidalgo, B. A. (2022) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo12121226 · Cited by 10
Eckert, K. L., Loffredo, V. A., & O’Connor, K. (2009) · Behavioral Approaches to Chronic Disease in Adolescence · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-87687-0_4 · Cited by 7
Physical Changes During Pubertal Transition
Robeva, R., & Kumanov, P. (2016) · Puberty · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32122-6_4 · Cited by 5
Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Hanć, T., Stehli, A., Trampush, J. W., Kennedy, M., Kreppner, J., Rutter, M., & Swanson, J. M. (2022) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105427 · Cited by 6
Penile diameter during puberty in boys: a retrospective analysis of longitudinally obtained data
Rohn, R. D., Perkins, A. M., & Vazifedan, T. (2023) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem-2022-0291 · Cited by 2
Herman-Giddens, M. E., Wang, L., & Koch, G. (2001) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.155.9.1022 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Marshall, W. A., & Tanner, J. M.
- Affiliations
- University of London (GB)
- ORCID
- Marshall, W. A.
- Venue
- Archives of Disease in Childhood
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1970-02-01
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 239
- Pages
- 13-23
- ISSN
- 0003-9888 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-2044
- PMC
- PMC2020414
- OpenAlex
- W1965561480
- Cited by
- 5,147
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 146 · 2025: 191 · 2024: 184 · 2023: 215 · 2022: 258 · 2021: 253 · 2020: 255 · 2019: 271 · 2018: 228 · 2017: 199 · 2016: 206 · 2015: 211 · 2014: 192 · 2013: 195 · 2012: 191
- FWCI
- 10.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Archives of Disease in Childhood (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Nuffield Foundation
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Human Health and Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Keywords
- puberty, boys, genital development, pubic hair development, pubertal stage, peak height velocity, sexual maturation, longitudinal growth data
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Age Factors, Anthropometry, Body Height, Child, Genitalia, Male, Hair, Humans, Male, Puberty, Time Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
